Editorial: Why No Borders?

Refuge

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 5-18

  Anderson, Bridget ^a   Sharma, Nandita ^b   Wright, Cynthia ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^c YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPITALISM; CITIZENSHIP; HUMAN RIGHTS; IMMIGRATION; NATIONALISM; POLITICAL BORDER; POLITICAL IDEOLOGY; SOCIAL JUSTICE; SOVEREIGNTY; TERRITORIALITY;

EID: 79958810621     PISSN: 02295113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. From 1980 to now, there has also been an increase in the overall global population of humans. Taking this into account allows us to understand that international migration has remained more stable than the sheer numbers would indicate. Nonetheless, it is important to note that a large proportion of the world's people continue to see migration as an important part of their life strategies. Unlike in 1980, however, their ability to secure rights following migration has become severely restricted. See the Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM), "Migration in an Interconnected World: New Directions for Action," Report (2005):1; 5-6.
2. GCIM; online: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/435f81814.html (accessed July 20, 2010).
3. Joseph Nevins, Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the "Illegal Alien" and the Making of the U.S.-Mexico Boundary (New York and London: Routledge, 2002);
4. Liz Fekete, "Death at the Border-Who Is to Blame?" European Race Bulletin no. 44 (2003): 2-3.
5. We initially place state categories of citizenship and immigration within quotation marks to problematize them and highlight their socially constructed character. We don't continue with this practice for the sake of easier reading.
6. Jeffrey S. Passel and Roberto Suro, "Rise, Peak, and Decline: Trends in U.S. Immigration 1992-2004" (Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center, 2005), online: http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?ReportID=53 (accessed July 12, 2010).
7. Nandita Sharma, ""Race,' Class and Gender and the Making of 'Difference': The Social Organization of 'Migrant Workers' in Canada," Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal 24, no. 2 (2001): 5-15;
8. Nandita Sharma, Home Economics: Nationalism and the Making of 'Migrant Workers'in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006). The latest statistics on "temporary foreign workers" in Canada show that there has recently been a significant increase in the number of people brought to Canada under this subordinated status since 2005. As per Citizenship and Immigration Canada's "Facts and Figures 2009," on December 1, 2009, there were 282,771 temporary foreign workers in Canada;
9. see, online: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2009/ temporary/02.asp (accessed July 29, 2010). For comparative Canadian statistics,
10. see also Delphine Nakache and Paula J. Kinoshita, "The Canadian Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Do Short-Term Economic Needs Prevail over Human Rights Concerns?" Study no. 5 (Institute for Research on Public Policy, May 2010), online: http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP-Study-no5.pdf (accessed July 29, 2010).
11. Mae Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004);
12. see also Peter Nyers, "No One Is Illegal between City and Nation," in Acts of Citizenship, ed. Engin Isin and Greg M. Nielson (London: Zed, 2008).
13. Etienne Balibar, We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004), 109.
14. Michael Walzer, "The Distribution of Membership," in Boundaries: National Autonomy and Its Limits, ed. Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1981).
15. Peter Nyers, "The Accidental Citizen: Acts of Sovereignty and (Un)Making Citizenship," Economy and Society 35, no. 1 (2006): 22-41.
16. Bridget Anderson, "Migration, Immigration Controls and the Fashioning of Precarious Workers," Work, Employment and Society 24, no. 2 (2010): 300-317.
17. Eithne Luibheid, Entry Denied: Controlling Sexuality at the Border (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002);
18. Sarah Van Walsum, The Family and the Nation: Dutch Family Migration Policies in the Context of Changing Family Norms (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008).
19. Citizenship and Immigration Canada, "Study Guide-Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship" (2009) online: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/discover/index.asp (accessed July 13, 2010).
20. M. Jacqui Alexander and Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures (New York: Routledge, 1997);
21. Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003);
22. Carole Boyce Davies, Black Women, Writing and Identity: Migrations of the Subject (London: Routledge, 1994).
23. Antoinette Burton, "Introduction: On the Inadequacy and the Indispensability of the Nation," in After the Imperial Turn: Thinking with and through the Nation, ed. Antoinette Burton (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003).
24. See, for example, Alison Brysk and Gershon Shafir, eds., People Out of Place: Globalization, Human Rights, and the Citizenship Gap (New York: Routledge, 2004);
25. Brian Barry and Robert E. Goodin, eds., Free Movement: Ethical Issues in the Transnational Migration of People and Money (London and New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992);
26. T Basok, S. Ilcan, and J. Noonan, "Citizenship, Human Rights and Social Justice," Citizenship Studies 10, no. 3 (2006): 267-273;
27. Philip Cole, Philosophies of Exclusion: Liberal Political Theory and Immigration (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000).
28. Linda Bosniak, "Human Rights, State Sovereignty and the Protection of Undocumented Migrants," in Irregular Migration and Human Rights: Theoretical, European and International Perspectives, ed. B. Bogusz, R. Cholewinski, A. Cygan, and E. Szyszczak (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2004);
29. Alice Bloch, "The Right to Rights? Undocumented Migrants from Zimbabwe Living in South Africa,." Sociology 44, no. 2 (2010): 233-250.
30. Donna Baines and Nandita Sharma, "Is Citizenship a Useful Concept in Social Policy Work? Non-Citizens: The Case of Migrant Workers in Canada," Studies in Political Economy 69 (Autumn 2003): 75-107;
31. Linda Bosniak, "Critical Reflections on "Citizenship" as a Progressive Aspiration" in Labour Law in an Era of Globalization: Transformative Practices & Possibilities, ed. Joanne Conaghan, Richard Michael Fischl,and Karl Klare (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002): 339, 340;
32. Francis B. Nyamnjoh, Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in Contemporary Southern Africa (London: Zed, 2006).
33. For an argument for "transnational labour citizenship" see Jennifer Gordon, "Transnational Labor Citizenship," Southern California Law Review 80, no. 3 (2007): 503-588.
34. Michael Neocosmos, From 'Foreign Natives' to 'Native Foreigners' Explaining Xenophobia in Post-apartheid South Africa, Citizenship and Nationalism, Identity and Politics. (Dakar: CODESRIA, 2010).
35. Nandita Sharma, "Travel Agency: A Critique of AntiTrafficking Campaigns," Refuge 21, no. 3 (2003): 53-65;
36. Kamala Kempadoo, "Victims and Agents of Crime: The New Crusade against Trafficking," in Global Lockdown: Race, Gender, and the Prison-Industrial Complex, ed. Julia Sudbury (New York and London: Routledge, 2005): 35-55;
37. Kamala Kempadoo, "The War on Human Trafficking in the Caribbean," Race and Class 49, no. 2 (2007): 79-85;
38. Bridget Anderson, "Where's the Harm in That? Immigration Enforcement, Trafficking and Migrants' Rights' (paper presented at workshop Human Rights, Victimhood and Consent, University of Bergen, 10-12 June 2010);
39. Laura Brace, "The Opposites of Slavery: Contract, Freedom and Labour" (paper presented at workshop Human Rights, Victimhood and Consent, University of Bergen, 10-12 June 2010).
40. United Kingdom Home Office, "Enforcing the Rules: A Strategy to Ensure and Enforce Compliance with Our Immigration Laws" (London: Home Office, 2007).
41. Kempadoo, "The War on Human Trafficking in the Caribbean," 81.
42. Brace.
43. Nicholas de Genova, "The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement," in Deported: Removal and the Regulation of Human Mobility, ed. Nicholas de Genova and Nathalie Peutz (Durham: Duke University Press, 2010);
44. Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson, "Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labor," European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies, online: http://eipcp.net/transversal/0608/mezzadraneilson/en (accessed, July 21, 2010).
45. David Bacon, Illegal People: How Globalization Creates Migration and Criminalizes Immigrants (Boston: Beacon Press, 2008);
46. Hector L. Delgado, New Immigrants, Old Unions: Organizing Undocumented Workers in Los Angeles (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993);
47. Kim Moody, "Harvest of Empire: Immigrant Workers' Struggles in the USA," in Socialist Register 2008 (Global Flashpoints: Reactions to Imperialism and Neoliberalism), ed. Leo Panitch and Colin Leys (London: 2007);
48. Ruth Milkman, ed., Organizing Immigrants: The Challenge for Unions in Contemporary California (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000);
49. Ruth Milkman, L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement (New York: Russell Sage, 2006);
50. Jennifer Gordon, Suburban Sweatshops: The Fight for Immigrant Rights (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005);
51. Immanuel Ness, Immigrants, Unions, and the U.S. Labor Market (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005);
52. Ai-Jen Poo and Eric Tang, "Domestic Workers Organize in the Global City? in The Fire This Time: Young Activists and the New Feminism, ed. Vivien Labaton and Dawn Lundy Martin (New York: Anchor, 2004).
53. Gordon, "Transnational Labor Citizenship."
54. Also, for an interesting exchange within the US labour context on the politics of open borders, see Dan LaBotz and Ana Avendano, "Open Borders? A Debate," New Labor Forum 17, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 9-24.
55. Dan LaBotz and Ana Avendano, "Open Borders? A Debate," New Labor Forum 17, no. 1 (2008): 9-24, Ibid.
56. Donna Gabaccia, "The 'Yellow Peril' and the 'Chinese of Europe': Global Perspectives on Race and Labor, 1815-1930," in Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives, ed. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen (Bern: Peter Lang, 1997), 186 (emphasis in the original).
57. Donna Gabaccia, "The 'Yellow Peril' and the 'Chinese of Europe': Global Perspectives on Race and Labor, 1815-1930," in Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives, ed. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen (Bern: Peter Lang, 1997) Ibid., 195.
58. Cynthia Wright, "Against Illegality: New Directions in Organizing By and With Non-Status People in Canada," in Sociology for Changing the World: Social Movements/Social Research, ed. Caelie Frampton, et al. (Halifax: Fernwood, 2006);
59. Peter Nyers, "Abject Cosmopolitanism: The Politics of Protection in the Anti-Deportation Movement," Third World Quarterly 24, no. 6 (2003): 1069-1093.
60. Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 2004).
61. Lisa Lowe, "The Intimacies of Four Continents," in Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History, ed. Ann Laura Stoler (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006).
62. For a recent contribution, see Seyla Benhabib and Judith Resnik, eds., Migrations and Mobilities: Citizenship, Borders, and Gender (New York: New York University Press, 2009).
63. Bob Sutcliffe, "Migration and Citizenship: Why Can Birds, Whales, Butterflies and Ants Cross International Frontiers More Easily than Cows, Dogs and Human Beings?" in Migration and Mobility: The European Context, ed. Subrata Ghatak and Anne Showstack Sassoon (New York: Palgrave, 2001).
64. For some suggestive remarks on challenging "nationalist historiographies" in Asian context, see Sucheta Mazumdar, "Localities of the Global: Asian Migrations between Slavery and Citizenship," International Review of Social History 52 (2007): 124-133.
65. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen, "Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives," in Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives, ed. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen (Bern: Peter Lang, 1997).
66. See also Leo Lucassen, "Migration and World History: Reaching a New Frontier," International Review of Social History 52 (2007): 89-96.
67. For some reflections on understanding "internal" and "international" migrations together, see David Feldman, "Global Movements, Internal Migration, and the Importance of Institutions," International Review of Social History 52 (2007): 105-109.
68. On vagabonds in European context, see Leo Lucassen, "Eternal Vagrants? State Formation, Migration, and Travelling Groups in Western-Europe, 1350-1914," in Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives, ed. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen (Bern: Peter Lang, 1997).
69. John Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
70. See also Radhika Viyas Mongia, "Race, Nationality, Mobility: A History of the Passport," in After the Imperial Turn: Thinking with and through the Nation, ed. Antoinette Burton (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003).
71. Torpey.
72. Dimitri Papadopoulos, Niamh Stephenson, and Vasily Tsianos, Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the Twenty-First Century (London and Ann Arbor, MI: Pluro Press, 2008), 55.
73. Mazumdar, 128.
74. Aderanti Adepoju, "Creating a Borderless West Africa: Constraints and Prospects for Intra-Regional Migration," in Migration without Borders: Essays on the Free Movement of People, ed. Antoine Pecoud and Paul de Guchteneire (New York: Berghahn Books and UNESCO, 2007), 163.
75. Papadopoulos, Stephenson, and Tsianos, 48.
76. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991), 3.
77. William Walters, "Acts of Demonstration: Mapping the Territory of (Non-)Citizenship," in Acts of Citizenship, ed. Engin Isin and Greg M. Nielson (London: Zed, 2008);
78. see also N. Rodriguez, "The Battle for the Border: Notes on Autonomous Migration, Transnational Communities, and the State," Social Justice 23, no. 3 (1996): 21-37.
79. Etienne Balibar, "What We Owe to the Sans-Papiers," in Social Insecurity, ed. L. Guenther and C. Heesters (Toronto: Anansi, 2000), 42.
80. Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson, "Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labor," European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies, online: http://eipcp.net/transversal/0608/mezzadraneilson/en (accessed July 21, 2010).
81. Editorial, Wall Street Journal, July 3, 1984;
82. Jason Riley, The Case for Open Borders: Six Common Arguments against Immigration and Why They Are Wrong (New York: Gotham Books, 2008).
83. David Harvey, The New Imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
84. Kristin Ross, May 68 and Its Afterlives (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
85. Cole..
86. Ibid..
87. Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (Basic Books, 1983);
88. Walzer, "The Distribution of Membership";
89. Gary Freeman, "Migration and the Political Economy of the Welfare State," in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 51-63.
90. Theresa Hayter, Open Borders: The Case against Immigration Controls (London: Pluto Press, 2004).
91. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 45.
92. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (2007), 45, Ibid.
93. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (2007), 45, Ibid.
94. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (2007), 45, Ibid.
95. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (2007), 45, Ibid.
96. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (2007), 45, ibid.
97. Thomas Dye, "The Maka'ainana Transformation in Hawaii: Archaeological Expectations Based on the Social Effects of Parliamentary Enclosure in England," (Honolulu: T. S. Dye and Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc., 2009).
98. Walter Mignolo, "The Many Faces of Cosmo-polis: Border Thinking and Critical Cosmopolitanism," Public Culture 12, no. 3 (2000): 721-748.
99. "Statement on the Xenophobic Attacks in Johannesburg" (May 2008), online: http://www.abahlali.org/node/3582 (accessed July 25, 2010).
100. Michael Billig, Banal Nationalism (London: Sage, 1995).
101. Michael Billig, Banal Nationalism (1995), Ibid.
102. For discussion, see Jacqueline Bhabha, "Get Back to Where You Once Belonged': Identity, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Europe," Human Rights Quarterly 20, no. 3 (1998): 592-627.