Field scale evaluation of spray drift reduction technologies from ground and aerial application systems

Journal of ASTM International

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Fritz, Bradley K ^a   Hoffmann, W Clint ^a   Bagley, W E ^b   Hewitt, Andrew ^c  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b Wilbur Ellis Company   (United States)

^c LINCOLN AGRITECH LTD   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Drift; Drift reduction technology; DRT; Spray droplet sizing

Indexed keywords

AERIAL APPLICATION; AERIAL SYSTEMS; DISPERSION MODELS; DRIFT; DRIFT REDUCTION; DRT; FIELD CONDITIONS; FIELD CROPS; FIELD EVALUATION; FIELD SCALE; FLAT FAN NOZZLE; GROUND SYSTEMS; MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE; MEASURED DATA; PESTICIDE SPRAY; REDUCING SYSTEMS; REFERENCE SYSTEMS; SPRAY BOOMS; SPRAY DRIFT; SPRAY DROPLET; TEST PLAN; VALIDATION TESTING; WIND DIRECTIONS;

CROPS; SPRAY NOZZLES; TECHNOLOGY;

FLIGHT DYNAMICS;

EID: 79958741061     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1546962X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1520/JAI103457     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. EPA, Pesticide Registration (PR Notice 2001-x draft: Spray and Dust Drift Label Statements for Pesticide Products, http://www.epa.gov/PR(Notices/prdraft- spraydrift801.htm (Last accessed November 15, 2010.
2. Hoffmann, W. C. and Kirk, I. W., "Spray Deposition and Drift from Two "Medium" Nozzles," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 48(1),2005, pp. 5-11. (Pubitemid 40660391)
3. Kirk, I. W., "Aerial Spray Drift from Different Formulations of Glyphosate," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 43(3),2000, pp. 555-559. (Pubitemid 30438012)
4. Draper, W. M. and Street, J. C., "Drift from a Commercial, Aerial Application of Methyl and Ethyl Parathion: An Estimation of Potential Human Exposure," Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol. 26(1),1981, pp. 530-536.
5. Pimentel, D., "Amounts of Pesticides Reaching Target Pests: Environmental Impacts and Ethics," J. Agric. Envir. Ethics, Vol. 8(1),1995, pp. 17-29. (Pubitemid 26428692)
6. Franz, E., Bouse, L. F., Carlton, J. B., Kirk, I. W., and Latheef, M. A., "Aerial Spray Deposit Relations with Plant Canopy and Weather Parameters," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 41(4),1998, pp. 959-966. (Pubitemid 28417986)
7. Nordby, A. and Skuterud, R., "The Effects of Boom Height, Working Pressure and Wind Speed on Spray Drift," Weed Res., Vol. 14(6),1974, pp. 385-395.
8. Yates, W. E., Akesson, N. B., and Cowden, R. E., "Criteria for Minimizing Drift Residues on Crops Downwind from Aerial Applications," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 17(4),1974, pp. 627-632.
9. Hewitt, A. J., "Spray Drift: Impact of Requirements to Protect the Environment," Crop Protection, Vol. 19(8-10),2000, pp. 623-627.
10. Sayles, G., Birchfield, N., and Ellenberger, J., "US EPA's Research Proposal for Encouraging the Use of Spray Drift Reduction Technologies," Proc. Int. Conf. on Pesticide Application for Drift Manage-ment, Waikoloa, HI, 2004, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., pp. 204-209, http://pep.wsu.edu/drift04/ proceedings.html.
11. Kosusko, M., Bullock, K., Birchfield, N., and Hewitt, A., "Development of a Test Plan to Verify Pesticide Drift Reduction Technologies," Proc. ASABE, Portland, OR, 2006, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
12. EPA, Pesticide Spray Drift Reduction Technologies: Verification and Incentives for Use, http://www.epa.gov/etop/forum/problem/progressreports/pest- spray-9-15-06.html (Last accessed October 10, 2010.
13. EPA, "Draft Generic Verification Protocol for the Verification of Pesticide Spray Drift Reduction Technologies for Row and Field Crops," Report No. EPA/600/R-07/102, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 2007.
14. Fritz, B. K., Hoffmann, W. C., and Lan, Y., "Evaluation of the EPA Drift Reduction Technology (DRT Low Speed Wind Tunnel Protocol," J. ASTM Int., Vol. 6(4),2009, Paper ID: JAI102129.
15. Fritz, B. K., Hoffmann, W. C., Birchfield, N. B., Ellenberger, J., Khan, F., Bagley, W. E., Thornburg, J. W., and Hewitt, A. J., "Evaluation of Spray Drift Using Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Measurements and Dispersion Modeling," J. ASTM Int., Vol. 7(6),2010, Paper ID: JAI102775.
16. Hoffmann, W. C., Fritz, B. K., and Lan, Y., "Evaluation of a Proposed Drift Reduction Technology (DRT High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Protocol," J. ASTM Int., Vol. 6(4),2009, Paper ID: JAI102122.
17. Hoffmann, W. C., Fritz, B. K., Thornburg, J. W., Bagley, W. E., Birchfield, N. B., and Ellenberger, J., "Spray Drift Reduction Evaluations of Spray Nozzles Using Standardized Testing Protocol," J. ASTM Int., Vol. 7(8),2010, Paper ID: JAI102820.
18. ASABE S561.1, 2009, "Procedure for Measuring Drift Deposits from Ground, Orchard, and Aerial Sprayers," American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
19. Bilanin, A. J., Teske, M. E., Barry, J. W., and Eckblad, R. B., "AGDISP: The Aircraft Spray Dispersion Model, Code Development and Experimental Validation," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 32(1),1989, pp. 327-334.
20. Teske, M. E., Thistle, H. W., and Ice, G. G., "Technical Advances in Modeling Aerially Applied Sprays," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 46(4),2003, pp. 985-996. (Pubitemid 37358457)
21. Teske, M. E. and Thistle, H. W., "A Simulation of Release Height and Wind Speed Effects for Drift Minimization," Trans. ASAE, Vol. 42(3),1999, pp. 583-591. (Pubitemid 30259463)
22. ASTM E1260-03, 2009, "Standard Test Method for Determining Liquid Drop Size Characteristics in a Spray Using Optical Nonimaging Light-Scattering Instruments," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 14.02, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
23. Fritz, B. K., "Meteorological Effects on Deposition and Drift of Aerially Applied Sprays," Trans. ASABE, Vol. 49, 2006, pp. 1295-1301. (Pubitemid 44953110)
24. Fritz, B. K. and Hoffmann, W. C., "Atmospheric Effects on the Fate of Aerially Applied Agricultural Sprays," Agric. Eng. Int, Vol. 10, 2008, pp. 1-15.
25. Boxall, A. B. A., Hardy, A., Beulke, S., Boucard, T., Burgin, L., Falloon, P. D., Haygarth, P. M., Hutchinson, T., Kovats, R. S., Leonardi, G., Levy, L. S., Nichols, G., Parsons, S. A., Potts, L., Stone, D., Topp, E., Turley, D. B., Walsh, K., Wellington, E. M. H., and Williams, R. J., "Impact of Climate Change on Indirect Human Exposure to Pathogens and Chemicals from Agriculture," Environ. Health Perspect., Vol. 117(4),2009, pp. 508-514.