Locally diagnostic phytoliths of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) from Minnesota, USA: Comparison to other wetland grasses and usefulness for archaeobotany and paleoecological reconstructions

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1977-1991

  Yost, Chad L ^a   Blinnikov, Mikhail S ^a  

^a ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Archaeobotany; Leersia; Minnesota; Paleoecology; Phytoliths; Wild rice; Zizania

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; GRASS; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; MORPHOTYPE; PALEOBOTANY; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PHYTOLITH; RICE; WETLAND;

MINNESOTA; UNITED STATES;

LEERSIA; LEERSIA ORYZOIDES; POACEAE; ZIZANIA; ZIZANIA PALUSTRIS;

EID: 79958720809     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.016     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Arriagada J.E. Plant Communities of Lake Ogechie, Mille Lacs Co., MN. Unpublished Report. Department of Biology 2006, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301.
2. Bailey R.G., Avers P.E., King T., McNab W.H. Ecoregions and Subregions of the United States (Map) 1994, 1. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, (With supplementary table of map unit descriptions, compiled and edited by W. H. McNab and R. G. Bailey)7,500,000.
3. Blackman E. Opaline silica bodies in the range grasses of southern Alberta. Can. J. Bot. 1971, 49:769-781.
4. Blinnikov M.S. Phytoliths in plants and soils of the interior Pacific Northwest, USA. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2005, 135:71-98.
5. Bombin, M., 1984. On phytoliths, late Quaternary ecology of Beringia, and information evolutionary theory. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
6. Brown D.A. Prospects and limits of a phytolith key for grasses in the Central United States. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1984, 11:345-368.
7. Clayton W.D., Renvoize S.A. Genera Graminium: Grasses of the world 1986, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London.
8. Darbyshire S.J., Aiken S.G. Zizania aquatica var. brevis (Poaceae): a 1983 distribution survey and a scanning electron microscope study of epidermal features. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1986, 113:355-360.
9. Davidson, D., 2003. The use of phytolith analysis to detect wild rice (Zizania aquatica) in fossil sediment cores at Cootes Paradise in southern Ontario. Undergraduate thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
10. Dore W.G. Wild Rice 1969, Canada, Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Publication 1393, Ottawa, ON.
11. Duvall M.R., Biesboer D.D. Anatomical distinctions between the pistillate spikelets of the species of wild rice (Zizania, Poaceae). Am. J. Bot. 1988, 75:157-159.
12. Fassett N.C. A study of the genus Zizania. Rhodora 1924, 26:153-160.
13. Ford R.I., Brose D.S. Prehistoric wild rice from the Dunn Farm site, Leelanau County. Michigan. Wisc. Archaeol. 1975, 56:9-15.
14. Fredlund G.G., Tieszen L.T. Modern phytolith assemblages from the North American Great Plains. J. Biogeogr. 1994, 21:321-335.
15. Gibbon G. The old Shakopee bridge site: a late woodland ricing site on Shakopee Lake, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota. Minn. Archaeol. 1976, 35:2-56.
16. Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Ann. Miss. Bot. Garden 2001, 88:373-457. Grass Phylogeny Working Group.
17. Hart J.P., Brumbach H.J., Lusteck R. Extending the phytolith evidence for early maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and squash (Cucurbita sp.) in central New York. Am. Antiq. 2007, 72:563-583.
18. Hart J.P., Thompson R.G., Brumbach H.J. Phytolith evidence for early maize (Zea mays) in the northern Finger Lakes region of New York. Am. Antiq. 2003, 68:619-640.
19. Hawthorn W.R., Stewart J.M. Epicuticular wax forms on leaf surfaces of Zizania aquatica. Can. J. Bot. 1970, 48:201-205.
20. Hodson M.J., Sangster A.G., Wynn Parry D. An ultrastructural study on the developmental phases and silicification of the glumes of Phalaris canariensis. Ann. Bot. 1985, 55:649-665.
21. Horne F., Kahn A.B. Phylogeny of North American wild rice, a theory. Southwest. Nat. 1997, 42(4):423-434.
22. Huber J.K. A postglacial pollen and nonsiliceous algae record from Gegoka Lake, Lake County, Minnesota. J. Paleolimnol. 1996, 16:23-35.
23. Huber, J.K., 2001a. Palynological investigations related to archaeological sites and the expansion of wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) in northeast Minnesota. Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
24. Huber J.K. A Palynological Investigation in the Superior National Forest, Northeast Minnesota: Results of a Paleoecological Study of Shannon Lake, St. Louis Co., MN 2001, Archaeometry Report Number 01-18, Duluth Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, Report to Heritage Resources, Superior National Forest.
25. Huber J.K. Poaceae pollen grain size frequency data infers the probable presence of wild rice in northeast Minnesota during the Late-Paleoindian period. Curr. Res. Pleist. 2006, 23.
26. Jenks A.E. The Wild Rice Gatherers of the Upper Lakes: a Study in American Primitive Economics. Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1897-1898, part 2 1900, GPO, Washington, DC.
27. Johnson E. Archaeological evidence for the utilization of wild rice. Science 1969, 163(3864):276-277.
28. Johnson E. Preliminary notes on the prehistoric use of wild rice. Minn. Archaeol. 1969, 30:31-43.
29. Lofstrom T. The rise of wild rice exploitation and its implications for population size and social organization in Minnesota Woodland Period cultures. Minn. Archaeol. 1987, 46:3-16.
30. Lu H.Y., Liu K.B. Morphological variations of lobate phytoliths from grasses in China and the south-eastern United States. Divers. Distrib. 2003, 9:73-87.
31. Lu H.Y., Liu K.B. Phytoliths of common grasses in the coastal environments of southeastern USA. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. 2003, 58:587-600.
32. Madella M., Alexandre A., Ball T. International Code for phytolith nomenclature 1.0. Ann. Bot. 2005, 96:253-260.
33. Mehra P.N., Sharma O.P. Epidermal silica cells in the Cyperaceae. Bot. Gaz. 1965, 126:53-58.
34. McAndrews J.H. Wild rice and upland vegetation history near Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota. The Lake Onamia -Trunk Highway 169 Data Recovery Project, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota 2000, Loucks & Associates, Inc, Maple Grove, MN. Mather D, Abel E (Eds.).
35. McAndrews J.H. Geese fouled Crawford Lake 700 years ago: Iroquoian cornfields led to guanotrophy. Newsl. Ontario Field Ornithologists 2005, 23(2):5.
36. Metcalfe C.R. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons: I. Gramineae 1960, Oxford University Press, London, UK.
37. Moffat C.R. New data on the late woodland use of wild rice in northern Wisconsin. Midcont. J. Archaeol. 2000, 25:49-82.
38. Mulholland S.C. Phytolith shape frequencies in North Dakota grasses: a comparison to general patterns. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1989, 16:489-511.
39. Mulholland S.C., Rapp G. A morphological classification of grass silica-bodies. Phytolith Systematics: Emerging Issues 1992, 65-89. Plenum Press, New York, NY. G. Rapp, S.C. Mulholland (Eds.).
40. Ollendorf A.L., Mulholland S.C., Rapp G. Phytoliths from some Israeli sedges. Isr. J. Bot. 1987, 36:125-132.
41. Ollendorf A.L., Mulholland S.C., Rapp G. Phytolith analysis as a means of plant identification: Arundo donax and Phragmites communis. Ann. Bot. 1988, 61:209-214.
42. Parr J.F., Dolic V., Lancaster G., Boyd W.E. A microwave digestion method for the extraction of phytoliths from herbarium specimens. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2001, 116:203-212.
43. Parr J.F., Lentfer C.J., Boyd W.E. A comparative analysis of wet and dry ashing techniques for the extraction of phytoliths from plant material. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2001, 28:875-886.
44. Pearsall D.M. Paleoethnobotany: a Handbook of Procedures 2000, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
45. Pearsall D.M., Piperno D.R., Dinan E.H., Umlauf M., Zhao Z., Benfer R.A. Distinguishing rice (Oryza sativa Poaceae) from wild Oryza species through phytolith analysis: results of preliminary research. Econ. Bot. 1995, 49:183-196.
46. Piperno D.L. Phytoliths: A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologists and Paleoecologists 2006, AltaMira Press, Lanham, MD.
47. Piperno D.L., Pearsall D.M. The Silica Bodies of Tropical American Grasses: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Implications for Grass Systematics and Fossil Phytolith Identification 1998, Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 85, Washington, DC.
48. Piperno D.L., Sues H.D. Dinosaurs dined on grass. Science 2005, 310:1126-1128.
49. Prasad V., Stromberg A.E., Alimohammadian H., Sahni A. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science 2005, 310:1177-1180.
50. Rajnovich G. A study of possible prehistoric wild rice gathering on Lake of the Woods, Ontario. North Am. Archaeol. 1984, 5:197-215.
51. Rogosin A. An Ecological History of Wild Rice 1954, Research Report, reproduced by Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, St. Paul, University of Minnesota Department of Botany, 1-29.
52. Schuyler A.E. Scanning electron microscopy of achene epidermis in species of Scirpus (Cyperaceae) and related genera. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1971, 123:29-52.
53. Serpa K., Phil M. Cultigens of the American Northeast: a phytolith study. Phytolitharien 2005, 17(3):1-9.
54. Stover E.L. The roots of wild rice, Zizania aquatica. Ohio J. Sci. 1928, 28(1):43-49.
55. Terrell E.E., Peterson P.M., Reveal J.L., Duvall M.R. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida. Contrib. Bot. 1997, 17:533-549.
56. Terrell E.E., Robinson H. Luziolinae, a new subtribe of oryzoid grasses. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1974, 101:235-245.
57. Terrell E.E., Wergin W.P. Epidermal features and silica deposition in lemmas and awns of Zizania (Gramineae). Am. J. Bot. 1981, 68:697-707.
58. Terrell E.E., Wergin W.P., Renvoize S.A. Epidermal features of spikelets in Leersia (Poaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1983, 110:423-434.
59. Thompson R.G., Kluth R.A., Kluth D.W. Tracing the use of Brainerd ware through opal phytolith analysis of food residues. Minn. Archaeol. 1994, 53:86-95.
60. Thompson R.G., Hart J.P., Brumbach H.J., Lusteck R. Phytolith evidence for twentieth-century B.P. maize in northern Iroquoia. Northeast Anthropol. 2004, 68:25-39.
61. Twiss P.C., Suess C.E., Smith R.M. Morphological classification of grass phytoliths. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 1969, 33:109-115.
62. Valppu S.H., Rapp G. Paleoethnobotanical context and dating of the laurel use of wild rice: the Big Rice site. Minn. Archaeol. 2000, 59:81-87.
63. Vennum T.Jr. Wild Rice and the Ojibway People 1998, Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul, MN.
64. Wang S.S., Kim K., Hess W.M. Variation of silica bodies in leaf epidermal long cells within and among seventeen species of Oryza (Poaceae). Am. J. Bot. 1998, 85:461-466.
65. Watson L., Dallwitz M.J. The Grass Genera of the World 1992, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
66. Weatherwax P. The morphology of the spikelets of six genera of Oryzeae. Am. J. Bot. 1929, 16:547-555.
67. Yarnell R.A. Aboriginal Relationships between Culture and Plant Life in the Upper Great Lakes Region 1964, University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, MI, Anthropological Papers 23.
68. Yost, C.L., 2007. Phytolith evidence for the presence and abundance of wild rice (Zizania palustris) from central Minnesota lake sediments. M.S. thesis, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, MN.
69. Yourd, W.J., 1988. The antiquity and distribution of wild rice in Lake Marquette, north-central Minnesota: implications for regional archaeology and the Natural history of wild rice. MS thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
70. Zhao Z., Pearsall D.M., Benfer R.A., Piperno D.R. Distinguishing rice (Oryza sativa Poaceae) from wild Oryza species through phytolith analysis, II: finalized method. Econ. Bot. 1998, 52:134-145.