The structure of musical preferences: A five-factor model

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 100, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1139-1157

  Rentfrow, Peter J ^a   Goldberg, Lewis R ^b   Levitin, Daniel J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b OREGON RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Factor analysis; Individual differences; Music; Preferences

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; LEARNING; MALE; MONTE CARLO METHOD; MUSIC; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; RECALL; RECOGNITION; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; AFFECT; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GENERALIZATION (PSYCHOLOGY); HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MONTE CARLO METHOD; MUSIC; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); STATISTICS AS TOPIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79958712605     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0022406     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Abrams D. Social identity on a national scale: Optimal distinctiveness and young people's self-expression through musical preference. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2009, 12:303-317. doi: 10.1177/1368430209102841.
2. Bleich S., Zillman D., Weaver J. Enjoyment and consumption of defiant rock music as a function of adolescent rebelliousness. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 1991, 35:351-366. doi: 10.1080/08838159109364130.
3. Brickman P., D'Amato B. Exposure effects in a free-choice situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1975, 32:415-420. doi: 10.1037/h0077099.
4. Buss D.M. Selection, evocation, and manipulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 53:1214-1221. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1214.
5. Cattell R.B., Anderson J.C. The measurement of personality and behavior disorders by the I. P. A. T. Music Preference Test. Journal of Applied Psychology 1953, 37:446-454. doi: 10.1037/h0056224.
6. Cattell R.B., Saunders D.R. Musical preferences and personality diagnosis: A factorization of one hundred and twenty themes. Journal of Social Psychology 1954, 39:3-24. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1954.9919099.
7. Chamorro-Premuzic T., Furnham A. Personality and music: Can traits explain how people use music in everyday life?. British Journal of Psychology 2007, 98:175-185. doi: 10.1348/000712606X111177.
8. Colley A. Young people's musical taste: Relationship with gender and gender-related traits. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2008, 38:2039-2055. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00379.x.
9. Creed W.E.D., Scully M.A. Songs of ourselves: Employees' deployment of social identity in workplace encounters. Journal of Management Inquiry 2000, 9:391-412. doi: 10.1177/105649260000900410.
10. Davis W.B., Gfeller K.E., Thaut M. An introduction to music therapy: Theory and practice 1999, McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA.
11. Delsing M.J.M.H., ter Bogt T.F.M., Engels R.C.M.E., Meeus W.H.J. Adolescents' music preferences and personality characteristics. European Journal of Personality 2008, 22:109-130. doi: 10.1002/per.665.
12. Dunn, G. (in press). Toward a better understanding of the relation between music preference, listening behaviour, and personality. Psychology of Music.
13. Dwyer J.J.M. Effect of perceived choice of music on exercise intrinsic motivation. Heath Values 1995, 19:18-26.
14. Emery C.F., Hsiao E.T., Hill S.M., Frid D.J. Short-term effects of exercise and music on cognitive performance among participants in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Heart & Lung 2003, 32:368-373. doi: 10.1016/S0147-9563(03)00120-1.
15. Eyerman R., Jamison A. Music and social movements: Mobilizing traditions in the twentieth century 1998, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
16. George D., Stickle K., Rachid F., Wopnford A. The association between types of music enjoyed and cognitive, behavioral, and personality factors of those who listen. Psychomusicology 2007, 19:32-56.
17. Goldberg L.R. Doing it all bass-ackwards: The development of hierarchical factor structures from the top down. Journal of Research in Personality 2006, 40:347-358. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.01.001.
18. Gosling S.D., Vazire S., Srivastava S., John O.P. Should we trust Web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist 2004, 59:93-104. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93.
19. Hevner K. The affective character of the major and minor modes in music. American Journal of Psychology 1935, 47:103-118. doi: 10.2307/1416710.
20. Huron D. Is music an evolutionary adaptation?. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2001, 930:43-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05724.x.
21. Janata P., Tomic S.T., Rakowski S.K. Characterisation of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory 2007, 15:845-860. doi: 10.1080/09658210701734593.
22. Kohut H., Levarie S. On the enjoyment of listening to music. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 1950, 19:64-87.
23. Kopacz M. Personality and music preferences: The influence of personality traits on preferences regarding musical elements. Journal of Music Therapy 2005, 42:216-239.
24. Large E.W. On synchronizing movements to music. Human Movement Science 2000, 19:527-566. doi: 10.1016/S0167-9457(00)00026-9.
25. Levitin D.J. This is your brain on music: The science of a human obsession 2006, Dutton, New York, NY.
26. Levitin D.J. The world in six songs: How the musical brain created human nature 2008, Dutton, New York, NY.
27. McCormick N. Is there too much music?. The Telegraph 2009, April 9, Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk.
28. McCown W., Keiser R., Mulhearn S., Williamson D. The role of personality and gender in preference for exaggerated bass in music. Personality and Individual Differences 1997, 23:543-547. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00085-8.
29. McNamara L., Ballard M.E. Resting arousal, sensation seeking, and music preference. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 1999, 125:229-250.
30. Newman R.I., Hunt D.L., Rhodes F. Effects of music on employee attitude and productivity in a skateboard factory. Journal of Applied Psychology 1966, 50:493-496. doi: 10.1037/h0024046.
31. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J. Subjective complexity, familiarity, and liking for popular music. Psychomusicology 1995, 14:77-93.
32. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J. Responses to music in aerobic exercise and yogic relaxation classes. British Journal of Psychology 1996, 87:535-547.
33. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J. Situational influences on reported musical preferences. Psychomusicology 1996, 15:30-45.
34. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J. Liking, arousal potential, and the emotions expressed by music. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 1997, 38:45-53. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00008.
35. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J. Music and adolescent identity. Music Education Research 1999, 1:75-92. doi: 10.1080/1461380990010107.
36. Penn P.E., Bootzin R.R. Behavioural techniques for enhancing alertness and performance in shift work. Work & Stress 1990, 4:213-226. doi: 10.1080/02678379008256984.
37. Rentfrow P.J., Gosling S.D. The do re mi's of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:1236-1256. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1236.
38. Rentfrow P.J., Gosling S.D. Message in a ballad: The role of music preferences in interpersonal perception. Psychological Science 2006, 17:236-242. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01691.x.
39. Rentfrow P.J., Gosling S.D. The content and validity of music-genre stereotypes among college students. Psychology of Music 2007, 35:306-326. doi: 10.1177/0305735607070382.
40. Rentfrow P.J., McDonald J.A. Music preferences and personality. Handbook of music and emotion 2009, 669-695. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. P.N. Juslin, J. Sloboda (Eds.).
41. Rentfrow P.J., McDonald J.A., Oldmeadow J.A. You are what you listen to: Young people's stereotypes about music fans. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2009, 12:329-344. doi: 10.1177/1368430209102845.
42. Rickard N.S. Intense emotional responses to music: A test of the physiological arousal hypothesis. Psychology of Music 2004, 32:371-388. doi: 10.1177/0305735604046096.
43. Rickard N.S., Toukhsati S.R., Field S.E. The effect of music on cognitive performance: Insight from neurobiological and animal studies. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 2005, 4:235-261. doi: 10.1177/1534582305285869.
44. Roe K. Swedish youth and music: Listening patterns and motivation. Communication Research 1985, 12:353-362. doi: 10.1177/009365085012003007.
45. Ronström O. It takes two-or more-to tango: Researching traditional music/dance interrelations. Dance in the field: Theory, methods and issues in dance ethnography 1999, 134-144. Macmillan Press, London, England. T.J. Buckland (Ed.).
46. Ross L. The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in experimental social psychology 1977, 10:173-220. Academic Press, New York, NY. L. Berkowitz (Ed.).
47. Särkamö T., Tervaniemi M., Laitinen S., Forsblom A., Soinila S., Mikkonen M., Hietanen M. Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain 2008, 131:866-876. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn03.
48. Schäfer T., Sedlmeier P. From the functions of music to music preference. Psychology of Music 2009, 37:279-300. doi: 10.1177/0305735608097247.
49. Schellenberg E.G. Music lessons enhance IQ. Psychological Science 2004, 15:511-514. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00711.x.
50. Schellenberg E.G., Peretz I., Vieillard S. Liking for happy and sad sounding music: Effects of exposure. Cognition & Emotion 2008, 22:218-237. doi: 10.1080/02699930701350753.
51. Scherer K.R., Zentner M.R. Emotional effects of music: Production rules. Music and emotion: Theory and research 2001, 361-392. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. P.N. Juslin, J.A. Sloboda (Eds.).
52. Schwartz K.D., Fouts G.T. Music preferences, personality style, and developmental issues of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2003, 32:205-213. doi: 10.1023/A:1022547520656.
53. Sloboda J.A., O'Neill S.A. Emotions in everyday listening to music. Music and emotion: Theory and research 2001, 415-429. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. P.N. Juslin, J.A. Sloboda (Eds.).
54. Swann W.B., Rentfrow P.J., Guinn J.S. Self-verification: The search for coherence. Handbook of self and identity 2002, 367-383. Guilford Press, New York, NY. M. Leary, J. Tagney (Eds.).
55. Tekman H.G., Hortaçsu N. Music and social identity: Stylistic identification as a response to musical style. International Journal of Psychology 2002, 37:277-285. doi: 10.1080/00207590244000043.
56. Zentner M., Grandjean D., Scherer K.R. Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion 2008, 8:494-521. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.494.
57. Zillmann D., Gan S. Musical taste in adolescence. The social psychology of music 1997, 161-187. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. D.J. Hargreaves, A.C. North (Eds.).