Role of nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 in metabolic syndrome

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease

Volumn 1812, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 919-928

  Rosell, Meritxell ^a   Jones, Marius C ^a   Parker, Malcolm G ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Inflammation; Metabolic syndrome; RIP140; White adipose tissue

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE I; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN BINDING PROTEIN; ESTROGEN RELATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 4; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; LIVER X RECEPTOR ALPHA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4; MYOCYTE ENHANCER FACTOR 2; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA COACTIVATOR 1ALPHA; RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN 140; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 1;

BODY MASS; BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENERGY YIELD; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; FATTY LIVER; FIBROSIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; GLYCOLYSIS; HEART FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID STORAGE; LIPOTOXICITY; MACROPHAGE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MUSCLE CELL; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; THERMOGENESIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION; WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE;

ADAPTOR PROTEINS, SIGNAL TRANSDUCING; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MUSCLES; NUCLEAR PROTEINS;

MUS;

EID: 79958266484     PISSN: 09254439     EISSN: 1879260X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.016     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Vernochet C., Peres S.B., Farmer S.R. Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: transcriptional control of adipose tissue development. FEBS J. 2009, 276:5729-5737.
2. Cornier M.A., Dabelea D., Hernandez T.L., Lindstrom R.C., Steig A.J., Stob N.R., Van Pelt R.E., Wang H., Eckel R.H. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 2008, 29:777-822.
3. Bray G.A., Bellanger T. Epidemiology, trends, and morbidities of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Endocr. 2006, 29:109-117.
4. S. Virtue, A. Vidal-Puig, Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome-an allostatic perspective, Biochim Biophys Acta 1801, 338-349.
5. Virtue S., Vidal-Puig A. It's not how fat you are, it's what you do with it that counts. PLoS Biol. 2008, 6:e237.
6. Sethi J.K., Vidal-Puig A.J. Targeting fat to prevent diabetes. Cell Metab. 2007, 5:323-325.
7. Ahima R.S., Flier J.S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 11:327-332.
8. S. Galic, J.S. Oakhill, G.R. Steinberg, Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, Mol Cell Endocrinol 316, 129-139.
9. Skurk T., Alberti-Huber C., Herder C., Hauner H. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007, 92:1023-1033.
10. Unger R.H., Clark G.O., Scherer P.E., Orci L. Lipid homeostasis, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801, 209-214.
11. Vidal-Puig A., Unger R.H. Special issue on lipotoxicity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801, 207-208.
12. Wilding J.P. The importance of free fatty acids in the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med. 2007, 24:934-945.
13. Desvergne B., Michalik L., Wahli W. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 2006, 86:465-514.
14. Edwards J., Bartlett J.M. The androgen receptor and signal-transduction pathways in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Part 2: Androgen-receptor cofactors and bypass pathways. BJU Int. 2005, 95:1327-1335.
15. Yang J., DeFranco D.B. Assessment of glucocorticoid receptor-heat shock protein 90 interactions in vivo during nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Mol. Endocrinol. 1996, 10:3-13.
16. Chen J.D., Evans R.M. A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature 1995, 377:454-457.
17. Dowell P., Ishmael J.E., Avram D., Peterson V.J., Nevrivy D.J., Leid M. Identification of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacting protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:15901-15907.
18. Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 1996, 384:641-643.
19. Spencer T.E., Jenster G., Burcin M.M., Allis C.D., Zhou J., Mizzen C.A., McKenna N.J., Onate S.A., Tsai S.Y., Tsai M.J., O'Malley B.W. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 1997, 389:194-198.
20. Lee C.H., Chinpaisal C., Wei L.N. Cloning and characterization of mouse RIP140, a corepressor for nuclear orphan receptor TR2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1998, 18:6745-6755.
21. Debevec D., Christian M., Morganstein D., Seth A., Herzog B., Parker M., White R. Receptor interacting protein 140 regulates expression of uncoupling protein 1 in adipocytes through specific peroxisome proliferator activated receptor isoforms and estrogen-related receptor alpha. Mol. Endocrinol. 2007, 21:1581-1592.
22. Herzog B., Hallberg M., Seth A., Woods A., White R., Parker M.G. The nuclear receptor cofactor, receptor-interacting protein 140, is required for the regulation of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism by liver X receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 2007, 21:2687-2697.
23. Wang H., Zhang Y., Yehuda-Shnaidman E., Medvedev A.V., Kumar N., Daniel K.W., Robidoux J., Czech M.P., Mangelsdorf D.J., Collins S. Liver X receptor alpha is a transcriptional repressor of the uncoupling protein 1 gene and the brown fat phenotype. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008, 28:2187-2200.
24. Windahl S.H., Treuter E., Ford J., Zilliacus J., Gustafsson J.A., McEwan I.J. The nuclear-receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 binds to the human glucocorticoid receptor and modulates hormone-dependent transactivation. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1999, 71:93-102.
25. Lee C.H., Wei L.N. Characterization of receptor-interacting protein 140 in retinoid receptor activities. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:31320-31326.
26. Leonardsson G., Steel J.H., Christian M., Pocock V., Milligan S., Bell J., So P.W., Medina-Gomez G., Vidal-Puig A., White R., Parker M.G. Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101:8437-8442.
27. Harnish D.C., Evans M.J., Scicchitano M.S., Bhat R.A., Karathanasis S.K. Estrogen regulation of the apolipoprotein AI gene promoter through transcription cofactor sharing. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:9270-9278.
28. J. Nautiyal, J.H. Steel, M.M. Rosell, E. Nikolopoulou, K. Lee, F.J. Demayo, R. White, J.S. Richards, M.G. Parker, The nuclear receptor cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 is a positive regulator of amphiregulin expression and cumulus cell-oocyte complex expansion in the mouse ovary, Endocrinology 151, 2923-2932.
29. Zschiedrich I., Hardeland U., Krones-Herzig A., Berriel Diaz M., Vegiopoulos A., Muggenburg J., Sombroek D., Hofmann T.G., Zawatzky R., Yu X., Gretz N., Christian M., White R., Parker M.G., Herzig S. Coactivator function of RIP140 for NFkappaB/RelA-dependent cytokine gene expression. Blood 2008, 112:264-276.
30. Cinti S. The adipose organ. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2005, 73:9-15.
31. Cannon B., Nedergaard J. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol. Rev. 2004, 84:277-359.
32. Himms-Hagen J., Melnyk A., Zingaretti M.C., Ceresi E., Barbatelli G., Cinti S. Multilocular fat cells in WAT of CL-316243-treated rats derive directly from white adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2000, 279:C670-C681.
33. Granneman J.G., Li P., Zhu Z., Lu Y. Metabolic and cellular plasticity in white adipose tissue I: effects of beta3-adrenergic receptor activation. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005, 289:E608-E616.
34. Gesta S., Tseng Y.H., Kahn C.R. Developmental origin of fat: tracking obesity to its source. Cell 2007, 131:242-256.
35. S. Kajimura, P. Seale, B.M. Spiegelman, Transcriptional control of brown fat development, Cell. Metab. 11, 257-262.
36. Seale P., Kajimura S., Spiegelman B.M. Transcriptional control of brown adipocyte development and physiological function-of mice and men. Genes Dev. 2009, 23:788-797.
37. Powelka A.M., Seth A., Virbasius J.V., Kiskinis E., Nicoloro S.M., Guilherme A., Tang X., Straubhaar J., Cherniack A.D., Parker M.G., Czech M.P. Suppression of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by the transcriptional corepressor RIP140 in mouse adipocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 2006, 116:125-136.
38. Hansen J.B., Kristiansen K. Regulatory circuits controlling white versus brown adipocyte differentiation. Biochem. J. 2006, 398:153-168.
39. Christian M., Kiskinis E., Debevec D., Leonardsson G., White R., Parker M.G. RIP140-targeted repression of gene expression in adipocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25:9383-9391.
40. Morganstein D.L., Christian M., Turner J.J., Parker M.G., White R. Conditionally immortalized white preadipocytes: a novel adipocyte model. J. Lipid Res. 2008, 49:679-685.
41. Puigserver P., Wu Z., Park C.W., Graves R., Wright M., Spiegelman B.M. A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell 1998, 92:829-839.
42. Hallberg M., Morganstein D.L., Kiskinis E., Shah K., Kralli A., Dilworth S.M., White R., Parker M.G., Christian M. A functional interaction between RIP140 and PGC-1alpha regulates the expression of the lipid droplet protein CIDEA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008, 28:6785-6795.
43. Ho P.C., Lin Y.W., Tsui Y.C., Gupta P., Wei L.N. A negative regulatory pathway of GLUT4 trafficking in adipocyte: new function of RIP140 in the cytoplasm via AS160. Cell Metab. 2009, 10:516-523.
44. Catalan V., Gomez-Ambrosi J., Lizanzu A., Rodriguez A., Silva C., Rotellar F., Gil M.J., Cienfuegos J.A., Salvador J., Fruhbeck G. RIP140 gene and protein expression levels are downregulated in visceral adipose tissue in human morbid obesity. Obes. Surg. 2009, 19:771-776.
45. K.M. Seow, Y.L. Tsai, C.C. Juan, L.W. Huang, J.L. Hwang, L.T. Ho, Omental fat receptor interacting protein 140 mRNA expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 69, 51-56.
46. N. Mejhert, J. Laurencikiene, A.T. Pettersson, M. Kaaman, B.M. Stenson, M. Ryden, I. Dahlman, Role of Receptor-Interacting Protein 140 in human fat cells, BMC Endocr. Disord. 10, 1.
47. Cypess A.M., Lehman S., Williams G., Tal I., Rodman D., Goldfine A.B., Kuo F.C., Palmer E.L., Tseng Y.H., Doria A., Kolodny G.M., Kahn C.R. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360:1509-1517.
48. Saito M., Okamatsu-Ogura Y., Matsushita M., Watanabe K., Yoneshiro T., Nio-Kobayashi J., Iwanaga T., Miyagawa M., Kameya T., Nakada K., Kawai Y., Tsujisaki M. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 2009, 58:1526-1531.
49. Virtanen K.A., Lidell M.E., Orava J., Heglind M., Westergren R., Niemi T., Taittonen M., Laine J., Savisto N.J., Enerback S., Nuutila P. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360:1518-1525.
50. van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D., Vanhommerig J.W., Smulders N.M., Drossaerts J.M., Kemerink G.J., Bouvy N.D., Schrauwen P., Teule G.J. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360:1500-1508.
51. Parker M., Leonardsson G., White R., Steel J., Milligan S. Identification of RIP140 as a nuclear receptor cofactor with a role in female reproduction. FEBS Lett. 2003, 546:149-153.
52. Lowell B.B. S.S. V, A. Hamann, J.A. Lawitts, J. Himms-Hagen, B.B. Boyer, L.P. Kozak, J.S. Flier, Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature 1993, 366:740-742.
53. Feldmann H.M., Golozoubova V., Cannon B., Nedergaard J. UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. Cell Metab. 2009, 9:203-209.
54. Kopecky J., Clarke G., Enerback S., Spiegelman B., Kozak L.P. Expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene from the aP2 gene promoter prevents genetic obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 96:2914-2923.
55. Esterbauer H., Oberkofler H., Liu Y.M., Breban D., Hell E., Krempler F., Patsch W. Uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in obese human subjects: the role of sequence variations at the uncoupling protein-1 gene locus. J. Lipid Res. 1998, 39:834-844.
56. Wang N., Tabas I., Winchester R., Ravalli S., Rabbani L.E., Tall A. Interleukin 8 is induced by cholesterol loading of macrophages and expressed by macrophage foam cells in human atheroma. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:8837-8842.
57. J.M. Olefsky, C.K. Glass, Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 72, 219-246.
58. Wahba I.M., Mak R.H. Obesity and obesity-initiated metabolic syndrome: mechanistic links to chronic kidney disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007, 2:550-562.
59. Hotamisligil G.S., Shargill N.S., Spiegelman B.M. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993, 259:87-91.
60. Kern P.A., Saghizadeh M., Ong J.M., Bosch R.J., Deem R., Simsolo R.B. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 95:2111-2119.
61. Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., Rosenbaum M., Leibel R.L., Ferrante A.W. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 112:1796-1808.
62. Wellen K.E., Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115:1111-1119.
63. Lumeng C.N., Bodzin J.L., Saltiel A.R. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117:175-184.
64. Murano I., Barbatelli G., Parisani V., Latini C., Muzzonigro G., Castellucci M., Cinti S. Dead adipocytes, detected as crown-like structures, are prevalent in visceral fat depots of genetically obese mice. J. Lipid Res. 2008, 49:1562-1568.
65. Shi H., Kokoeva M.V., Inouye K., Tzameli I., Yin H., Flier J.S. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 2006, 116:3015-3025.
66. Nguyen M.T., Favelyukis S., Nguyen A.K., Reichart D., Scott P.A., Jenn A., Liu-Bryan R., Glass C.K., Neels J.G., Olefsky J.M. A subpopulation of macrophages infiltrates hypertrophic adipose tissue and is activated by free fatty acids via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and JNK-dependent pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:35279-35292.
67. Solinas G., Vilcu C., Neels J.G., Bandyopadhyay G.K., Luo J.L., Naugler W., Grivennikov S., Wynshaw-Boris A., Scadeng M., Olefsky J.M., Karin M. JNK1 in hematopoietically derived cells contributes to diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance without affecting obesity. Cell Metab. 2007, 6:386-397.
68. Sabio G., Das M., Mora A., Zhang Z., Jun J.Y., Ko H.J., Barrett T., Kim J.K., Davis R.J. A stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance. Science 2008, 322:1539-1543.
69. Hevener A.L., Olefsky J.M., Reichart D., Nguyen M.T., Bandyopadyhay G., Leung H.Y., Watt M.J., Benner C., Febbraio M.A., Nguyen A.K., Folian B., Subramaniam S., Gonzalez F.J., Glass C.K., Ricote M. Macrophage PPAR gamma is required for normal skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity and full antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117:1658-1669.
70. Odegaard J.I., Ricardo-Gonzalez R.R., Goforth M.H., Morel C.R., Subramanian V., Mukundan L., Red Eagle A., Vats D., Brombacher F., Ferrante A.W., Chawla A. Macrophage-specific PPARgamma controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance. Nature 2007, 447:1116-1120.
71. Arkan M.C., Hevener A.L., Greten F.R., Maeda S., Li Z.W., Long J.M., Wynshaw-Boris A., Poli G., Olefsky J., Karin M. IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat. Med. 2005, 11:191-198.
72. Uysal K.T., Wiesbrock S.M., Marino M.W., Hotamisligil G.S. Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-alpha function. Nature 1997, 389:610-614.
73. Berriel Diaz M., Krones-Herzig A., Metzger D., Ziegler A., Vegiopoulos A., Klingenspor M., Muller-Decker K., Herzig S. Nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein 140 controls hepatic triglyceride metabolism during wasting in mice. Hepatology 2008, 48:782-791.
74. White R., Leonardsson G., Rosewell I., Ann Jacobs M., Milligan S., Parker M. The nuclear receptor co-repressor nrip1 (RIP140) is essential for female fertility. Nat. Med. 2000, 6:1368-1374.
75. Seth A., Steel J.H., Nichol D., Pocock V., Kumaran M.K., Fritah A., Mobberley M., Ryder T.A., Rowlerson A., Scott J., Poutanen M., White R., Parker M. The transcriptional corepressor RIP140 regulates oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. Cell Metab. 2007, 6:236-245.
76. Pascual G., Fong A.L., Ogawa S., Gamliel A., Li A.C., Perissi V., Rose D.W., Willson T.M., Rosenfeld M.G., Glass C.K. A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of inflammatory response genes by PPAR-gamma. Nature 2005, 437:759-763.
77. Ghisletti S., Huang W., Jepsen K., Benner C., Hardiman G., Rosenfeld M.G., Glass C.K. Cooperative NCoR/SMRT interactions establish a corepressor-based strategy for integration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. Genes Dev. 2009, 23:681-693.
78. Ghisletti S., Huang W., Ogawa S., Pascual G., Lin M.E., Willson T.M., Rosenfeld M.G., Glass C.K. Parallel SUMOylation-dependent pathways mediate gene- and signal-specific transrepression by LXRs and PPARgamma. Mol. Cell 2007, 25:57-70.
79. Fain J.N., Madan A.K., Hiler M.L., Cheema P., Bahouth S.W. Comparison of the release of adipokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans. Endocrinology 2004, 145:2273-2282.
80. Fried S.K., Bunkin D.A., Greenberg A.S. Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998, 83:847-850.
81. Muoio D.M., Koves T.R. Lipid-induced metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Novartis Found. Symp. 2007, 286:24-38. discussion 38-46, 162-163, 196-203.
82. Hulver M.W., Dohm G.L. The molecular mechanism linking muscle fat accumulation to insulin resistance. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2004, 63:375-380.
83. Pedersen B.K., Febbraio M.A. Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88:1379-1406.
84. Bassel-Duby R., Olson E.N. Signaling pathways in skeletal muscle remodeling. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2006, 75:19-37.
85. Larsson L., Edstrom L., Lindegren B., Gorza L., Schiaffino S. MHC composition and enzyme-histochemical and physiological properties of a novel fast-twitch motor unit type. Am. J. Physiol. 1991, 261:C93-C101.
86. Thomas D.R. Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: examining the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 26:389-399.
87. Wu H., Gallardo T., Olson E.N., Williams R.S., Shohet R.V. Transcriptional analysis of mouse skeletal myofiber diversity and adaptation to endurance exercise. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 2003, 24:587-592.
88. Benton C.R., Wright D.C., Bonen A. PGC-1alpha-mediated regulation of gene expression and metabolism: implications for nutrition and exercise prescriptions. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2008, 33:843-862.
89. C. Handschin, Regulation of skeletal muscle cell plasticity by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, J Recept Signal Transduct Res.
90. Abdul-Ghani M.A., DeFronzo R.A. Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2010, 476279.
91. Ryder J.W., Bassel-Duby R., Olson E.N., Zierath J.R. Skeletal muscle reprogramming by activation of calcineurin improves insulin action on metabolic pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:44298-44304.
92. Tanner C.J., Barakat H.A., Dohm G.L., Pories W.J., MacDonald K.G., Cunningham P.R., Swanson M.S., Houmard J.A. Muscle fiber type is associated with obesity and weight loss. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002, 282:E1191-E1196.
93. J. Ren, L. Pulakat, A. Whaley-Connell, J.R. Sowers, Mitochondrial biogenesis in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, J. Mol. Med.
94. A. Fritah, J.H. Steel, D. Nichol, N. Parker, S. Williams, A. Price, L. Strauss, T.A. Ryder, M.A. Mobberley, M. Poutanen, M. Parker, R. White, Elevated expression of the metabolic regulator receptor-interacting protein 140 results in cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function, Cardiovasc. Res. 86, 443-451.
95. Vuolteenaho O., Ruskoaho H. Gender matters: estrogen protects from cardiac hypertrophy. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2003, 14:52-54.
96. Q. Liu, S. Bengmark, S. Qu, The role of hepatic fat accumulation in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Lipids Health Dis. 9, 42.
97. E. Vanni, E. Bugianesi, A. Kotronen, S. De Minicis, H. Yki-Jarvinen, G. Svegliati-Baroni, From the metabolic syndrome to NAFLD or vice versa?, Dig. Liver Dis. 42, 320-330.
98. Donnelly K.L., Smith C.I., Schwarzenberg S.J., Jessurun J., Boldt M.D., Parks E.J. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115:1343-1351.
99. Repa J.J., Liang G., Ou J., Bashmakov Y., Lobaccaro J.M., Shimomura I., Shan B., Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L., Mangelsdorf D.J. Regulation of mouse sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) by oxysterol receptors, LXRalpha and LXRbeta. Genes Dev, 2000, 14:2819-2830.
100. Lund E.G., Peterson L.B., Adams A.D., Lam M.H., Burton C.A., Chin J., Guo Q., Huang S., Latham M., Lopez J.C., Menke J.G., Milot D.P., Mitnaul L.J., Rex-Rabe S.E., Rosa R.L., Tian J.Y., Wright S.D., Sparrow C.P. Different roles of liver X receptor alpha and beta in lipid metabolism: effects of an alpha-selective and a dual agonist in mice deficient in each subtype. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006, 71:453-463.
101. Knowler W.C., Barrett-Connor E., Fowler S.E., Hamman R.F., Lachin J.M., Walker E.A., Nathan D.M. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346:393-403.
102. Bruce C.R., Thrush A.B., Mertz V.A., Bezaire V., Chabowski A., Heigenhauser G.J., Dyck D.J. Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006, 291:E99-E107.
103. Tontonoz P., Spiegelman B.M. Fat and beyond: the diverse biology of PPARgamma. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2008, 77:289-312.
104. Belfort R., Harrison S.A., Brown K., Darland C., Finch J., Hardies J., Balas B., Gastaldelli A., Tio F., Pulcini J., Berria R., Ma J.Z., Dwivedi S., Havranek R., Fincke C., DeFronzo R., Bannayan G.A., Schenker S., Cusi K. A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355:2297-2307.
105. Hammarstedt A., Sopasakis V.R., Gogg S., Jansson P.A., Smith U. Improved insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue dysregulation after short-term treatment with pioglitazone in non-diabetic, insulin-resistant subjects. Diabetologia 2005, 48:96-104.
106. de Souza C.J., Eckhardt M., Gagen K., Dong M., Chen W., Laurent D., Burkey B.F. Effects of pioglitazone on adipose tissue remodeling within the setting of obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2001, 50:1863-1871.
107. Prentki M., Madiraju S.R. Glycerolipid metabolism and signaling in health and disease. Endocr. Rev. 2008, 29:647-676.
108. Sathyanarayana P., Barthwal M.K., Kundu C.N., Lane M.E., Bergmann A., Tzivion G., Rana A. Activation of the Drosophila MLK by ceramide reveals TNF-alpha and ceramide as agonists of mammalian MLK3. Mol. Cell 2002, 10:1527-1533.
109. Wang X., Devaiah S.P., Zhang W., Welti R. Signaling functions of phosphatidic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 2006, 45:250-278.
110. Jean-Baptiste G., Yang Z., Khoury C., Greenwood M.T. Lysophosphatidic acid mediates pleiotropic responses in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 335:1155-1162.
111. Sampson S.R., Cooper D.R. Specific protein kinase C isoforms as transducers and modulators of insulin signaling. Mol. Genet. Metab. 2006, 89:32-47.
112. Adams J.M., Pratipanawatr T., Berria R., Wang E., DeFronzo R.A., Sullards M.C., Mandarino L.J. Ceramide content is increased in skeletal muscle from obese insulin-resistant humans. Diabetes 2004, 53:25-31.
113. P.M. Coen, J.J. Dube, F. Amati, M. Stefanovic-Racic, R.E. Ferrell, F.G. Toledo, B.H. Goodpaster, Insulin resistance is associated with higher intramyocellular triglycerides in type I but not type II myocytes concomitant with higher ceramide content, Diabetes 59, 80-88.
114. Stratford S., Hoehn K.L., Liu F., Summers S.A. Regulation of insulin action by ceramide: dual mechanisms linking ceramide accumulation to the inhibition of Akt/protein kinase B. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:36608-36615.
115. Muoio D.M. Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801, 281-288.
116. Houstis N., Rosen E.D., Lander E.S. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 2006, 440:944-948.
117. Nawrocki A.R., Rajala M.W., Tomas E., Pajvani U.B., Saha A.K., Trumbauer M.E., Pang Z., Chen A.S., Ruderman N.B., Chen H., Rossetti L., Scherer P.E. Mice lacking adiponectin show decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduced responsiveness to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:2654-2660.
118. Yamauchi T., Kadowaki T. The molecular mechanisms by which PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors improve insulin resistance. Nippon Rinsho 2001, 59:2245-2254.
119. Kiskinis E., Hallberg M., Christian M., Olofsson M., Dilworth S.M., White R., Parker M.G. RIP140 directs histone and DNA methylation to silence Ucp1 expression in white adipocytes. EMBO J. 2007, 26:4831-4840.
120. Dlaskova A., Clarke K.J., Porter R.K. The role of UCP 1 in production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria isolated from brown adipose tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1797, 1470-1476.
121. Leonardsson G., Jacobs M.A., White R., Jeffery R., Poulsom R., Milligan S., Parker M. Embryo transfer experiments and ovarian transplantation identify the ovary as the only site in which nuclear receptor interacting protein 1/RIP140 action is crucial for female fertility. Endocrinology 2002, 143:700-707.
122. Tullet J.M., Pocock V., Steel J.H., White R., Milligan S., Parker M.G. Multiple signaling defects in the absence of RIP140 impair both cumulus expansion and follicle rupture. Endocrinology 2005, 146:4127-4137.
123. Augereau P., Badia E., Fuentes M., Rabenoelina F., Corniou M., Derocq D., Balaguer P., Cavailles V. Transcriptional regulation of the human NRIP1/RIP140 gene by estrogen is modulated by dioxin signalling. Mol. Pharmacol. 2006, 69:1338-1346.
124. Kerley J.S., Olsen S.L., Freemantle S.J., Spinella M.J. Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 by retinoic acid: a potential negative-feedback regulatory mechanism. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 285:969-975.
125. Carascossa S., Gobinet J., Georget V., Lucas A., Badia E., Castet A., White R., Nicolas J.C., Cavailles V., Jalaguier S. Receptor-interacting protein 140 is a repressor of the androgen receptor activity. Mol. Endocrinol. 2006, 20:1506-1518.
126. Graham J.D., Yager M.L., Hill H.D., Byth K., O'Neill G.M., Clarke C.L. Altered progesterone receptor isoform expression remodels progestin responsiveness of breast cancer cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 2005, 19:2713-2735.
127. Nichol D., Christian M., Steel J.H., White R., Parker M.G. RIP140 expression is stimulated by estrogen-related receptor alpha during adipogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:32140-32147.
128. Luo J., Sladek R., Carrier J., Bader J.A., Richard D., Giguere V. Reduced fat mass in mice lacking orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23:7947-7956.
129. Tsai N.P., Lin Y.L., Wei L.N. MicroRNA mir-346 targets the 5'-untranslated region of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) mRNA and up-regulates its protein expression. Biochem. J. 2009, 424:411-418.
130. Vo N., Fjeld C., Goodman R.H. Acetylation of nuclear hormone receptor-interacting protein RIP140 regulates binding of the transcriptional corepressor CtBP. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21:6181-6188.
131. Wei L.N., Hu X., Chandra D., Seto E., Farooqui M. Receptor-interacting protein 140 directly recruits histone deacetylases for gene silencing. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:40782-40787.
132. Huq M.D., Khan S.A., Park S.W., Wei L.N. Mapping of phosphorylation sites of nuclear corepressor receptor interacting protein 140 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Proteomics 2005, 5:2157-2166.
133. Huq M.D., Wei L.N. Post-translational modification of nuclear co-repressor receptor-interacting protein 140 by acetylation. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2005, 4:975-983.
134. Mostaqul Huq M.D., Gupta P., Tsai N.P., White R., Parker M.G., Wei L.N. Suppression of receptor interacting protein 140 repressive activity by protein arginine methylation. EMBO J. 2006, 25:5094-5104.
135. Huq M.D., Ha S.G., Barcelona H., Wei L.N. Lysine methylation of nuclear co-repressor receptor interacting protein 140. J. Proteome Res. 2009, 8:1156-1167.
136. Huq M.D., Tsai N.P., Lin Y.P., Higgins L., Wei L.N. Vitamin B6 conjugation to nuclear corepressor RIP140 and its role in gene regulation. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007, 3:161-165.
137. Rytinki M.M., Palvimo J.J. SUMOylation modulates the transcription repressor function of RIP140. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:11586-11595.
138. Gupta P., Ho P.C., Huq M.M., Ha S.G., Park S.W., Khan A.A., Tsai N.P., Wei L.N. Retinoic acid-stimulated sequential phosphorylation, PML recruitment, and SUMOylation of nuclear receptor TR2 to suppress Oct4 expression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:11424-11429.
139. Gupta P., Huq M.D., Khan S.A., Tsai N.P., Wei L.N. Regulation of co-repressive activity of and HDAC recruitment to RIP140 by site-specific phosphorylation. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2005, 4:1776-1784.
140. Ho P.C., Gupta P., Tsui Y.C., Ha S.G., Huq M., Wei L.N. Modulation of lysine acetylation-stimulated repressive activity by Erk2-mediated phosphorylation of RIP140 in adipocyte differentiation. Cell. Signal. 2008, 20:1911-1919.
141. J.H. Choi, A.S. Banks, J.L. Estall, S. Kajimura, P. Bostrom, D. Laznik, J.L. Ruas, M.J. Chalmers, T.M. Kamenecka, M. Bluher, P.R. Griffin, B.M. Spiegelman, Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARgamma by Cdk5, Nature 466 451-456.