A study on the mental health outcomes of North Korean male defectors: Comparing with general Korean males and searching for health policy implications

Journal of the Korean Medical Association

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 537-548

  Kim, Jun Hong ^a  

^a Korea University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Health policy; Mental health; North Korean male defectors; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Victimization of crime and violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 79958165623     PISSN: 19758456     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2011.54.5.537     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Yoon IJ, Kim S. Health and medical care of North Korean defectors in South Korea. Health Soc Sci 2005;17:149-182.
2. Lee S. Korean government's policy on North Korean defectors in China: with the emphasis on the administration of Kim Daejung and Roh Moo-hyun. Korean J Int Relat 2009;49(5):251-271.
3. Yang KM, Hwang ST. An initial study into the psychological adaptation of North Korean refugee adolescents in the first stages of their transition to life in South Korea. Stud Korean Youth 2008;49(2):333-358.
4. Cho Y, Yoo S. A study on the role and Intervention strategies of mental health professionals for North Korean defectors. Unification Policy Stud 2006;15(2):53-77.
5. Alvarado SE, Massey DS. In search of peace: structural adjustment, violence, and international migration. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 2010;630:137-161.
6. Brown G. Issues in the resettlement of indochinese refugees. Soc Casework 1982;63:155-159.
7. Shin KR. Psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean-American women in New York City. Women Health 1994;21:73-82. (Pubitemid 24141276)
8. Nicholl C, Thompson A. The psychological treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult refugees: a review of the current state of psychological therapies. J Mental Health 2004;13:351-362. (Pubitemid 39119348)
9. Noh S, Avison WR. Asian immigrants and the stress process: a study of Koreans in Canada. J Health Soc Behav 1996;37:192-206. (Pubitemid 126420634)
10. Oberg K. Culture shock: adjustment to new culture environments. Pract Anthropol 1960;7:177-182.
11. Tyhurst L. Displacement and migration: a study in social psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1951;107:561-568.
12. Eom TW. Strategies for improving the management of psychosocial crises of North Korean refugees: through the application of the refugee and immigrant model. Unification Policy Stud 2007;16(2):173-197.
13. Harel-Fisch Y, Radwan Q, Walsh SD, Laufer A, Amitai G, Fogel-Grinvald H, Abdeen Z. Psychosocial outcomes related to subjective threat from armed conflict events (STACE): findings from the Israeli-Palestinian cross-cultural HBSC study. Child Abuse Negl 2010;34:623-638.
14. Parsons J, Bergin T. The impact of criminal justice involvement on victims' mental health. J Trauma Stress 2010;23:182-188.
15. Morrall P, Marshall P, Pattison S, Macdonald G. Crime and health: a preliminary study into the effects of crime on the mental health of UK university students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2010;17:821-828.
16. Jeon W, Hong C, Lee C, Kim DK, Han M, Min S. Correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder among North Korean defectors in South Korea. J Trauma Stress 2005;18:147-154. (Pubitemid 46422005)
17. Oh SS, Shin HK, Cho Y. Chronic post traumatic stress and mental health of 5 · 18 victims. Korean J Psychol 2006;25(2):59-75.
18. Yoon YS, Kim HA, Han SY. Validation and development of a post-traumatic stress symptom scale for dislocated North Koreans in South Korea. Korean J Couns Psychother 2007;19:693-718.
19. Kim HK, Shin HK. Psychological symptoms before and after the settlement in the South Korean society of North Korean Refugees according to gender and age. Korean J Psychol Gen 2010;29:707-724.
20. Kim TJ. Tasks for the management of defectors from North Korea from the perspective of public law. Public Law J 2005;6(1):249-279.
21. Radar NE. The threat of victimization: a theoretical reconceptualization of fear of crime. Sociol Spectr 2004;24:689-704.
22. Radar NE, May DC, Goodrum S. An empirical assessment of the "threat of victimization:" considering fear of crime, perceived risk, avoidance, and defensive behaviors. Sociol Spectr 2007;27:475-505.
23. Kim JH. The gendered nature of the threat of victimizations and protective behaviors. Korean Assoc Public Saf Crim Justice Rev 2010;40:71-113.
24. Harris CR, Jenkins M, Glaser D. Gender differences in risk assessment: Why do women take fewer risk than men? Judgm Decis Mak 2006;9:48-63.
25. Liska AE, Sanchirico A, Reed M. Fear of crime and constrained behavior specifying and estimating a reciprocal effects model. Soc Forces 1988;66:827-837.
26. Wilcox P, May DC, Roberts SD. Student weapon possession and the "fear and victimization hypothesis:" unraveling the temporal order. Justice Q 2006;23:502-529. (Pubitemid 44623247)
27. Woolnough AD. Fear of crime on campus: gender differences in use of self-protective behaviours at an urban university. Secur J 2009;22:40-55.
28. Winkel FW, Blaauw E, Sheridan L, Baldry AC. Repeated criminal victimization and vulnerability for coping failure: a prospective examination of a potential risk factor. Psychol Crime Law 2003;9:87-95. (Pubitemid 36116722)
29. Kim JH. The effects of victimization experiences as internal cues to action on preventive behavioral intentions in cyber communication: modifying health belief model. J Cybercommunication 2010;27(3):5-46.
30. Kim YH, Cho YA, Yu SE. A study on the characteristics of poverty of North Korean settlers: a comparison with South Korean poor. Korean J Soc Welf 2009;61:195-218.
31. Lee KY, Yoon KA. Community resource development strategies for facilitating North Korean refugees' resettlement in local areas: a care of Busan Metropolitan City. Korean J Soc Welf 2003;55:103-130.
32. Kwak JR, Park SG. Saeteomin's media use and their development of trust, network, and civic and political participation. Korean J Commun Stud 2006;50(6):415-439.
33. Keum H. Media and social capital: a suggestion for South-North Korea relations. Commun Theor 2008;4(1):128-149.
34. Lee MK, Woo HJ. A study on the dislocated North Koreans' perceived social reality about South Korea influenced by television drama viewing: focusing on cultivation effect and accumulation theory. Korean J Commun Stud 2004;48(6):248-273.
35. Dogan DG, Ertem IO, Karaaslan T, Forsyth BW. Perception of vulnerability among mothers of healthy infants in a middle-income country. Child Care Health Dev 2009;35:868-872.
36. Weine S, Knafl K, Feetham S, Kulauzovic Y, Klebic A, Sclove S, Besic S, Mujagic A, Muzurovic J, Spahovic D. A mixed methods study of refugee families engaging in multiple-family groups. Fam Relat 2005;54:558-568. (Pubitemid 41638707)
37. Broadbent R, Cacciattolo M, Carpenter C. A tale of two communities: refugee relocation in Australia. Aust J Soc Issues 2007;42:581-601.
38. Meffert SM, Marmar CR. Darfur refugees in Cairo: mental health and interpersonal conflict in the aftermath of genocide. J Interpers Violence 2009;24:1835-1848.
39. Shin HW, Yi JH, Han SY, Hur TK, Chae JM. Cultural and psychological adjustment and stress coping strategies. Korean J Psychol Soc Issues 2004;10(1):147-163.
40. Yang JH. The impact of North Korean society's violences on adaptations of saeteomins to South Korean society. Korean Policy Sci Rev 2005;9(4):607-630.
41. Kim YN. A study on the resilience of North Korean refugee adolescents in terms of their acculturative process in South Korea. Stud Korean Youth 2008;19(3):139-168.
42. Kim HK. A study on the recovery predictive factors for North Korean refugees with torture experience. Korean J Soc Welf Stud 2010;41(3):81-106.
43. Cho YA, Kim YH. Predictors of mental health risks in newly resettled North Korean refugee women. Korean J Woman Psychol 2010;15:509-527.
44. Chung JK, Cho JA. Issues in the integration education for North Korean refugees and South Korean hosts. Korean J Psychol Soc Issues 2008;14:487-518.
45. Lee K. A study on the social adaptation process of women migrants: focusing on defecting North Korean residents in South Korea. J Asian Women 2006;45(1):191-234.
46. Ferraro K. Women s fear of victimization: shadow of sexual assault? Soc Forces 1996;75:667-690.