Differences in nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in preschool children from different socio-economic origins

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 907-914

  Jourdain, S ^a,b   Smeesters, P R ^a   Denis, O ^c   Dramaix, M ^a   Sputael, V ^a   Malaviolle, X ^c   Van Melderen, L ^a   Vergison, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

^b HOP UNIV DES ENFANTS REINE FABIOLA   (Belgium)

^c ERASME HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Bacterial interactions; Co colonization; Commensal flora; Conjugate vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis carriage; Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes

Indexed keywords

PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BELGIUM; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HUMAN; MALE; MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NASOPHARYNX; NORMAL HUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEROTYPE; SOCIAL STATUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 79958083526     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03410.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bogaert D, De Groot R, Hermans PW. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4: 144-154.
2. Ejlertsen T, Thisted E, Ebbesen F, Olesen B, Renneberg J. Branhamella catarrhalis in children and adults. A study of prevalence, time of colonisation, and association with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. J Infect 1994; 29: 23-31.
3. Murphy TF, Faden H, Bakaletz LO et al. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28: 43-48.
4. Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC et al. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 751-762.
5. Dagan R, O'Brien KL. Modeling the association between pneumococcal carriage and child-care center attendance. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1223-1226.
6. Jacoby P, Watson K, Bowman J et al. Modelling the co-occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with other bacterial and viral pathogens in the upper respiratory tract. Vaccine 2007; 25: 2458-2464.
7. Sa-Leao R, Nunes S, Brito-Avo A et al. High rates of transmission of and colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae within a day care center revealed in a longitudinal study. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 225-234.
8. Yagupsky P, Porat N, Fraser D et al. Acquisition, carriage, and transmission of pneumococci with decreased antibiotic susceptibility in young children attending a day care facility in Southern Israel. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 1003-1012.
9. Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Fresnadillo Martinez MJ. Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50 (suppl S2): 59-73.
10. Givon-Lavi N, Fraser D, Porat N, Dagan R. Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae and antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae from day-care center attendees to their younger siblings. J Infect Dis 2002; 186: 1608-1614.
11. Pettigrew MM, Gent JF, Revai K, Patel JA, Chonmaitree T. Microbial interactions during upper respiratory tract infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1584-1591.
12. Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Broides A, Blancovich I, Peled N, Dagan R. The contribution of smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae carriage in children and their mothers. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 897-903.
13. Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Sharf AZ, Vardy D, Dagan R. The association between antibiotic use in the community and nasopharyngeal carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Bedouin children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27: 776-782.
14. Principi N, Marchisio P, Schito GC, Mannelli S. Risk factors for carriage of respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx of healthy children. Ascanius project collaborative group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18: 517-523.
15. Huang SS, Hinrichsen VL, Stevenson AE et al. Continued impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage in young children. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e1-e11.
16. Cohen R, Levy C, Bonnet E et al. Dynamic of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children with acute otitis media following PCV7 introduction in France. Vaccine 2010; 28: 6114-6121.
17. Dagan R, Barkai G, Givon-Lavi N et al. Seasonality of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae that causes acute otitis media: a clue for an antibiotic-restriction policy? J Infect Dis 2008; 197: 1094-1102.
18. Mera RM, Miller LA, Amrine-Madsen H, Sahm DF. The impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on antimicrobial resistance in the United States since 1996: evidence for a significant rebound by 2007 in many classes of antibiotics. Microb Drug Resist 2009; 15: 261-268.
19. Sa-Leao R, Simoes AS, Nunes S, Sousa NG, Frazao N, de Lencastre H. Identification, prevalence and population structure of non-typable Streptococcus pneumoniae in carriage samples isolated from preschoolers attending day-care centres. Microbiology 2006; 152: 367-376.
20. Hill PC, Tewnend J, Antonio M, et al. Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in rural Gambian villages: a longitudinal study. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 1468-1476.
21. O'Brien KL, Nohynek H. Report from a WHO working group: standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22: e1-e11.
22. Zemlickova H, Urbaskova P, Adamkova V, Motlova J, Lebedova V, Prochazka B. Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy children attending day-care centres in the Czech Republic. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134: 1179-1187.
23. Huang SS, Finkelstein JA, Lipsitch M. Modeling community- and individual-level effects of child-care center attendance on pneumococcal carriage. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1215-1222.
24. Brueggemann AB, Griffiths DT, Meats E, Peto T, Crook DW, Spratt BG. Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis 2003; 187: 1424-1432.
25. Moore MR, Gertz RE Jr, Woodbury RL et al. Population snapshot of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the united states, 2005. J Infect Dis 2008; 197: 1016-1027.
26. Klugman KP. Epidemiology, control and treatment of multiresistant pneumococci. Drugs 1996; 52 (suppl 2): 42-46.
27. Malfroot A, Verhaegen J, Dubru JM, Van Kerschaver E, Leyman S. A cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in Belgian infants attending day care centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10: 797-803.
28. Goossens H, Coenen S, Costers M et al. Achievements of the Belgian Antibiotic Policy Coordination Committee (BAPCOC). Euro Surveill 2008; 13: 19036 Available online:
29. Bogaert D, van Belkum A, Sluijter M et al. Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children. Lancet 2004; 363: 1871-1872.
30. Regev-Yochay G, Trzcinski K, Thompson CM, Malley R, Lipsitch M. Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 2006; 188: 4996-5001.
31. Lee GM, Huang SS, Rifas-Shiman SL et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in children in the post-PCV7 era. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9: 110.
32. Madhi SA, Adrian P, Kuwanda L, Cutland C, Albrich WC, Klugman KP. Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae--and associated interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae colonization--in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. J Infect Dis 2007; 196: 1662-1666.
33. McNally LM, Jeena PM, Gajee K et al. Lack of association between the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-1-infected South African children. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 385-390.