Validity and reliability of the 10-m walk test and the 6-min walk test in spinal cord injury patients

Spinal Cord

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 736-740

  Scivoletto, G ^a,b   Tamburella, F ^a   Laurenza, L ^a   Foti, C ^b   Ditunno, J F ^c   Molinari, M ^a  

^a IRCCS FONDAZIONE SANTA LUCIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^c THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

10 m walk test; 6 min walk test; Spinal cord injury; walking; WISCI

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FUNCTION TEST; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; WALKING; WALKING TEST;

ADULT; AGED; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARAPLEGIA; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79958059267     PISSN: 13624393     EISSN: 14765624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sc.2010.180     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Jackson AB, Dijkers M, Devivo MJ, Poczatek RB. A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1740-1748. (Pubitemid 39441131)
2. McKinley WO, Seel RT, Hardman JT. Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: incidence, epidemiology, and functional outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 619-623. (Pubitemid 29269641)
3. Ditunno PL, Patrick M, Stineman M, Morganti B, Townson AF, Ditunno JF. Cross-cultural differences in preference for recovery of mobility among spinal cord injury rehabilitation professionals. Spinal Cord 2006; 44: 567-575. (Pubitemid 44338762)
4. Dobkin B, Apple D, Barbeau H, Behrman A, Deforge D, Ditunno J et al. Weight-supported treadmill vs over-ground training for walking after acute incomplete SCI. Neurology 2006; 66: 484-493.
5. van Hedel HJ, Wirz M, Dietz V. Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86: 190-196. (Pubitemid 40215278)
6. van Hedel HJ, Dietz V, Curt A. Assessment of walking speed and distance in subjects with an incomplete spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007; 21: 295-301. (Pubitemid 46871856)
7. van Hedel HJ, Wirz M, Curt A. Improving walking assessment in subjects with an incomplete spinal cord injury: responsiveness. Spinal Cord 2006; 44: 352-356. (Pubitemid 43863345)
8. Bowden MG, Behrman AL. Step activity monitor: accuracy and test-retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007; 44: 355-362. (Pubitemid 47075807)
9. van Hedel HJ, Wirz M, Dietz V. Standardized assessment of walking capacity after spinal cord injury: the European network approach. Neurol Res 2008; 30: 61-73. (Pubitemid 351768850)
10. Olmos LE, Freixes O, Gatti MA, Cozzo DA, Fernandez SA, Vila CJ et al. Comparison of gait performance on different environmental settings for patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2008; 46: 331-334. (Pubitemid 351630953)
11. van Hedel HJ. Gait speed in relation to categories of functional ambulation after spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009; 23: 343-350.
12. van Hedel HJ, Dietz V. Walking during daily life can be validly and responsively assessed in subjects with a spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009; 23: 117-124.
13. Sturt RN, Holland AE, New PW. Walking ability at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation in a cohort of non-traumatic spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord 2009; 47: 763-768.
14. Wirz M, Muller R, Bastiaenen C. Falls in persons with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of the Berg balance scale. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010; 24: 70-77.
15. Barbeau H, Elashoff R, Deforge D, Ditunno J, Saulino M, Dobkin BH. Comparison of speeds used for the 15.2-meter and 6-minute walks over the year after an incomplete spinal cord injury: the SCILT Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007; 21: 302-306. (Pubitemid 46871861)
16. Ditunno PL, Dittuno Jr JF. Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II): scale revision. Spinal Cord 2001; 39: 654-656. (Pubitemid 33131882)
17. Wirz M, van Hedel HJ, Rupp R, Curt A, Dietz V. Muscle force and gait performance: relationships after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87: 1218-1222. (Pubitemid 44294679)
18. Kim MO, Burns AS, Ditunno Jr JF, Marino RJ. The assessment of walking capacity using the walking index for spinal cord injury: self-selected versus maximal levels. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88: 762-767. (Pubitemid 46802409)
19. Ditunno JF, Scivoletto G, Patrick M, Biering-Sorensen F, Abel R, Marino R. Validation of the walking index for spinal cord injury in a US and European clinical population. Spinal Cord 2008; 46: 181-188. (Pubitemid 351347920)
20. Marino RJ, Scivoletto G, Patrick M, Tamburella F, Read MS, Burns AS et al. Walking index for spinal cord injury version 2 (WISCI-II) with repeatability of the 10-m walk time: Inter- and intrarater reliabilities. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 89: 7-15.
21. Jackson AB, Carnel CT, Ditunno JF, Read MS, Boninger ML, Schmeler MR et al. Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population. J Spinal Cord Med 2008; 31: 487-499.
22. Alexander MS, Anderson KD, Biering-Sorensen F, Blight AR, Brannon R, Bryce TN et al. Outcome measures in spinal cord injury: recent assessments and recommendations for future directions. Spinal Cord 2009; 47: 582-591.
23. Graham JE, Ostir GV, Fisher SR, Ottenbacher KJ. Assessing walking speed in clinical research: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract 2008; 14: 552-562.
24. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 111-117.
25. Langhammer B, Stanghelle JK. Exercise on a treadmill or walking outdoors? A randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of two walking exercise programmes late after stroke. Clin Rehabil 2010; 24: 46-54.
26. Westlake KP, Patten C. Pilot study of Lokomat versus manualassisted treadmill training for locomotor recovery post-stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2009; 6: 18.
27. Camargo VM, Martins BC, Jardim C, Fernandes CJ, Hovnanian A, Souza R. Validation of a treadmill six-minute walk test protocol for the evaluation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Bras Pneumol 2009; 35: 423-430.
28. Liu J, Drutz C, Kumar R, McVicar L, Weinberger R, Brooks D et al. Use of the six-minute walk test poststroke: is there a practice effect? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89: 1686-1692.
29. American Spinal Injury Association. International Standard for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (rev). American Spinal Injury Association: Chicago, 2000.
30. Rossier P, Wade DT. Validity and reliability comparison of 4 mobility measures in patients presenting with neurologic impairment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82: 9-13. (Pubitemid 32057612)
31. Sciurba F, Criner GJ, Lee SM, Mohsenifar Z, Shade D, Slivka W et al. Six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: reproducibility and effect of walking course layout and length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 1522-1527. (Pubitemid 37363362)