Evaporation from soils under thermal boundary conditions:Experimental and modeling investigation to compare equilibriumand nonequilibrium-based approaches

Water Resources Research

Volumn 47, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Smits, Kathleen M ^a   Cihan, Abdullah ^a,b   Sakaki, Toshihiro ^a   Illangasekare, Tissa H ^a  

^a Department of Geology and Geological Engineering   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT; GASPHASE; LONG COLUMN; MUTUAL INTERACTION; NETWORK OF SENSORS; NON EQUILIBRIUM; NUMERICAL MODELS; PHASE CHANGE; SHALLOW SUBSURFACE; SOIL SURFACES; SOIL WATER; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; THERMAL CONDITION; THERMAL PARAMETERS; THERMAL PROCESS; TRANSIENT CONDITIONS; TRANSIENT FIELDS; VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL MODEL; VAPOR DIFFUSION; VARYING TEMPERATURE; WATER TRANSFERS; WATER VAPOR FLOWS;

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; GASES; GEOLOGIC MODELS; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; NUMERICAL METHODS; PHASE INTERFACES; SOIL MOISTURE; SOIL TESTING; THERMAL EVAPORATION; WATER VAPOR;

SOIL SURVEYS;

BOUNDARY CONDITION; DIFFUSION; EVAPORATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; LIMITING FACTOR; NUMERICAL MODEL; SOIL EMISSION; SOIL MOISTURE; SOIL WATER; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 79958036398     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010WR009533     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Armstrong, J. E., E. O. Frind, and R. D. McClellan (1994), Nonequilibrium mass transfer between the vapor, aqueous, and soil-phases in unsaturated soils during vapor extraction, Water Resour. Res., 30, 355-368, doi:10.1029/93WR02481. (Pubitemid 24405796)
2. Assouline, S. (2006), Modeling the relationship between soil bulk density and the water retention curve, Vadose Zone J., 5, 554-563. (Pubitemid 47253981)
3. Assouline, S., K. Narkis, S. W. Tyler, I. Lunati, M. B. Parlange, and J. S. Selker (2010), On the diurnal soil water content dynamics during evaporation using dielectric methods, Vadose Zone J., 9, 709-718, doi:10.2136/vzj2009.0109.
4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (2006), Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table, Standard D 4253-00, Am. Soc. for Testing and Mater. Int., West Conshohocken, Pa.
5. Azizi, S., C. Moyne, and A. Degiovanni (1988), Approche expérimentale et théorique de la conductivité thermique des milieu poreux humides - partie 1 - expérimentation, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 31, 2305-2317.
6. Bachmann, J., R. Horton, T. Ren, and R. R. van der Ploeg (2001), Comparison of the thermal properties of four wettable and four water-repellent soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65, 1675-1679. (Pubitemid 34003968)
7. Bacon, A. A. (1905), The equilibrium pressure of a vapor at a curved surface, Phys. Rev., 20, 1-9.
8. Bear, J. (1972), Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, 764 pp., Dover, Mineola, N. Y.
9. Bear, J., J. Bensabat, and A. Nir (1991), Heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous-media at a hot boundary. 1. One-dimensional analytical model, Transp. Porous Media, 6, 281-298. (Pubitemid 21682296)
10. Bénet, J. C., and P. Jouanna (1982), Phenomenological relation of phasechange of water in a porous-medium-experimental verification and measurement of the phenomenological coefficient, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 25, 1747-1754. (Pubitemid 13459038)
11. Bénet, J. C., A. L. Lozano, F. Cherblanc, and B. Cousin (2009), Phase change of water in a hygroscopic porous medium: Phenomenological relation and experimental analysis for water in soil, J. Non-Equilibrium Thermodyn., 34, 133-153.
12. Bird, R. B., W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot (2002), Transport Phenomena, 2nd ed., John Wiley, New York.
13. Bittelli, M., F. Ventura, G. S. Campbell, R. L. Snyder, F. Gallegati, and P. R. Pisa (2008), Coupling of heat, water vapor, and liquid water fluxes to compute evaporation in bare soils, J. Hydrol., 362, 191-205.
14. Bixler, N. E. (1985), NORIA - A finite element computer program for analyzing water, vapor, air, and energy transport in porous media, Rep. SAND84-2057, UC-70, Sandia Natl. Lab., Albuquerque, N. M.
15. Brutsaert, W. (2005), Hydrology: An Introduction, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
16. Brutsaert, W., and D. Y. Chen (1995), Desorption and the two stages of drying of natural tallgrass prairie, Water Resour. Res., 31, 1305-1313, doi:10.1029/95WR00323. (Pubitemid 26437717)
17. Cahill, A. T., and M. B. Parlange (1998), On water vapor transport in field soils, Water Resour. Res., 34, 731-739, doi:10.1029/97WR03756. (Pubitemid 28159452)
18. Camillo, P. J., and R. J. Gurney (1986), A resistance parameter for bare-soil evaporation models, Soil Sci., 141, 95-105.
19. Campbell, G. S. (1977), An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics, Springer, New York.
20. Campbell, G. S. (1985), Soil Physics with BASIC, Elsevier, New York.
21. Campbell, G. S., J. D. Jungbauer, W. R. Bidlake, and R. D. Hungerford (1994), Predicting the effect of temperature on soil thermal-conductivity, Soil Sci., 158, 307-313.
22. Cary, J. W. (1963), Osanger's relation and the non-isothermal diffusion of water vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 126-129.
23. Cary, J. W. (1966), Soil moisture transport due to thermal gradients: Practical aspects, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 30, 428-433.
24. Cass, A., G. S. Campbell, and T. L. Jones (1984), Enhancement of thermal water-vapor diffusion in soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48, 25-32. (Pubitemid 14552041)
25. Cassel, D. K., D. R. Nielsen, and J. W. Biggar (1969), Soil-water movement in response to imposed temperature gradients, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33, 493-500.
26. Chung, S. O., and R. Horton (1987), Soil heat and water flow with a partial surface mulch, Water Resour. Res., 23, 2175-2186, doi:10.1029/ WR023i012p02175. (Pubitemid 18536152)
27. Chammari, A., B. Naon, F. Cherblanc, and J. C. Bénet (2003), Transfert d'eau en sol aride avec changement de phase, Compte. Rendu. Mécanique, 331, 759-765. (Pubitemid 37429545)
28. Chammari, A., B. Naon, F. Cherblanc, B. Cousin, and J. C. Bénet (2008), Interpreting the drying kinetics of a soil using a macroscopic thermodynamic nonequilibrium of water between the liquid and vapor phase, Drying Tech., 26, 836-843.
29. Childs, S. W., and C. Malstaff (1982), Heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous media, Final Rep. PNL-4036, Batelle Pacific Northwest Lab, Richland, Wash.
30. Culligan, K. A., D. Wildenschild, B. S. B. Christensen, W. G. Gray, and A. F. B. Tompson (2004), Interfacial area measurements for unsaturated flow through a porous medium, Water Resour. Res., 40(12), W12413, doi:10.1029/2004WR003278.
31. Das, B. S., J. M. H. Hendrickx, and B. Borchers (2001), Modeling transient water distributions around landmines in bare soils, Soil Sci., 166, 163-173. (Pubitemid 32241496)
32. de Vries, D. A. (1958), Simultaneous transfer of heat and moisture in porous media, Eos Trans. AGU, 39, 909-916.
33. de Vries, D. A. (1963), Thermal properties of soils, in Physics of Plant Environment, edited by W. R. van Wijk, pp. 210-235, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
34. Fisher, E. A. (1923), Some factors affecting the evaporation of water from soil, J. Agri. Sci., 13, 121-143.
35. Fritton, D. D., D. Kirkham, and R. H. Shaw (1970), Soil water evaporation, isothermal diffusion, and heat and water transfer, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 34, 183-189.
36. Gierke, J. S., N. J. Hutzler, and D. B. McKenzie (1992), Vapor transport in unsaturated soil columns: Implications for vapor extraction, Water Resour. Res., 28, 323-335, doi:10.1029/91WR02661.
37. Grifoll, J., J. M. Gastó, and Y. Cohen (2005), Non-isothermal soil water transport and evaporation, Adv. Water Resour., 28, 1254-1266. (Pubitemid 41448131)
38. Gurr, C. G., T. J. Marshall, and J. T. Hutton (1952), Movement of water in soil due to a temperature gradient, Soil Sci., 74, 335-345.
39. Hadas, A. (1977), Evaluation of theoretically predicted thermal conductivities of soils under field and laboratory conditions, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 41, 460-466. (Pubitemid 8543842)
40. Hanks, R. J., H. R. Gardner, and M. L. Fairbourn (1967), Evaporation of water from soils as influenced by drying with wind or radiation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 31, 593-598.
41. Heitman, J. L., R. Horton, T. Ren, I. N. Nassar, and D. D. Davis (2008), A test of coupled soil heat and water transfer prediction under transient boundary temperatures, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 72, 1197-1207.
42. Hide, J. C. (1954), Observations on factors influencing the evaporation of soil moisture, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 18, 234-239.
43. Hillel, D. (1980), Fundamental of Soil Physics, Academic, San Diego, Calif.
44. Ho, C. K., and S. W. Webb (1998), Review of porous media enhanced vapor-phase diffusion mechanisms, models, and data-Does enhanced vapor-phase diffusion exist?, J. Porous Media, 1, 71-92. (Pubitemid 128736083)
45. Hopmans, J. W., and J. H. Dane (1986), Thermal conductivity of two porous-media as a function of water content, temperature and density, Soil Sci., 142, 187-195. (Pubitemid 17267131)
46. Idso, S. B., R. J. Reginato, R. D. Jackson, K. B. Kimball, and F. S. Nakayama (1974), The three stages of drying in a field soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38, 831-837.
47. Jackson, R. D., R. J. Reginato, B. A. Kimball, and F. S. Nakayama (1974), Diurnal soil-water evaporation: Comparison of measured and calculated soil-water fluxes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38, 861-866.
48. Judge, J., L. M. Abriola, and A. W. England (2003), Numerical validation of the land surface process component of an LSP/R model, Adv. Water Resour., 26, 733-746. (Pubitemid 36815325)
49. Jury, W. A., and J. Letey (1979), Water vapor movement in soil: Reconciliation of theory and experiment, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43, 823-827. (Pubitemid 10423578)
50. Khire, M. V., C. H. Benson, and P. J. Bosscher (1997), Water balance modeling of earthen final covers, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123, 744-754.
51. Kimball, B. A., R. D. Jackson, R. J. Reginato, F. S. Nakayama, and S. B. Idso (1976), Comparison of field-measured and calculated soil-heat fluxes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40, 18-24.
52. Larbi, S., G. Bacon, and S. A. Bories (1995), Humid air diffusion with water-vapor condensation in porous-media, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 38, 2411-2426.
53. Lide, D. R. (Ed.) (2001), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
54. Millington, R. J., and J. M. Quirk (1961), Permeability of porous solids, Trans. Faraday Soc, 57, 1200-1207.
55. Milly, P. C. D. (1982), Moisture and heat-transport in hysteretic, inhomogeneous porous media: A matric head-based formulation and a numericalmodel, Water Resour. Res., 18, 489-498, doi:10.1029/WR018i003p00489. (Pubitemid 13261139)
56. Moldrup, P., T. Olesen, D. E. Rolston, and T. Yamaguchi (1997), Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils: VII. Predicting gas and ion diffusivity in undisturbed and sieved soils, Soil Sci., 162, 632-640. (Pubitemid 28065582)
57. Monteith, J. L., and M. H. Unsworth (1990), Principles of Environmental Physics, Routledge Chapman and Hall, New York.
58. Moukalled, F., N. Ghaddar, H. Kabbani, N. Khalid, and Z. Fawaz (2006), Numerical and experimental investigation of thermal signatures of buried landmines in dry soil, J. Heat Transfer, 128, 484-494. (Pubitemid 43821495)
59. Mualem, Y. (1976), A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 12, 513-522, doi:10.1029/WR012i003p00513.
60. Nassar, I. N., and R. Horton (1989), Water transport in unsaturated non-isothermal salty soil. 1. Experimental results, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53, 1323-1329. (Pubitemid 20403065)
61. Nassar, I. N., R. Horton, and A. M. Globus (1992), Simultaneous transfer of heat, water, and solute in porous-media. II. Experiment and analysis, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56, 1357-1365.
62. Papendick, R. I., M. J. Lindstrom, and V. L. Cochran (1973), Soil mulch effects on seedbed temperature and water during fallow in eastern Washington, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 37, 307-314.
63. Penman, H. L. (1940), Gas and vapor movements in soil: The diffusion of vapors through porous solids, J. Agric. Sci., 30, 437-462.
64. Penman, H. L. (1941), Laboratory experiments on evaporation from fallow soil, J. Agric. Sci. 31, 454-465.
65. Philip, J. R. (1957), Evaporation, and moisture and heat fields in the soil, J. Meteorol, 14, 354-366.
66. Philip, J. R. (1967), The second stage of drying of soil, J. Appl. Meterol., 6, 581-582.
67. Philip, J. R., and D. A. de Vries (1957), Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients, Eos Trans, AGU, 38, 222-232.
68. Pikul, J. L., Jr., and R. R. Allmaras (1984), A field comparison of null-aligned and mechanistic soil heat flux, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48, 1207-1214.
69. Prunty, L. (1992), Thermally driven water and octane redistribution in unsaturated, closed soil cells, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56, 707-714. (Pubitemid 23379300)
70. Prunty, L. (2003), Soil water retention and conductivity when vapor flow is important, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 129, 201-207. (Pubitemid 36696133)
71. Prunty, L., and R. Horton (1994), Steady-state temperature distribution in nonisothermal unsaturated closed soil cells, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 1358-1363.
72. Reshetin, O. L., and S. Y. Orlov (1998), Theory of heat and moisture transfer in a capillary porous body, Tech. Phys., 43, 263-264. (Pubitemid 128045638)
73. Rollins, R. L., M. G. Spangler, and D. Kirkham (1954), Movement of soil moisture under a thermal gradient, Highway Res. Board Proc, 33, 492-508.
74. Rose, C. W. (1968), Water transport in soil with a daily temperature wave I. Theory and experiment, Aust. J. Soil Res., 6, 31-44.
75. Rose, D. A. (1963), Water movement in porous materials: Part 1-isothermal vapor transfer, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 14, 256-262.
76. Ruiz, T., and J. C. Benet (2001), Phase change in a heterogeneous medium: Comparison between the vaporization of water and heptanes in an unsaturated soil at two temperatures, Transp. Porous Media, 44, 337-353. (Pubitemid 32731773)
77. Saito, H., J. Simunek, and B. P. Mohanty (2006), Numerical analysis of coupled water, vapor, and heat transport in the vadose zone, Vadose Zone J., 5, 784-800. (Pubitemid 47253997)
78. Sakai, M., N. Toride, and J. Simunek (2009), Water and vapor movement with condensation and evaporation in a sandy column, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 73, 707-717.
79. Sakaki, T., and T. H. Illangasekare (2007), Comparison of height-averaged and point-measured capillary pressure-saturation relations for sands using a modified Tempe cell, Water Resour. Res., 43, W12502, doi: 10.1029/2006WR005814. (Pubitemid 351161990)
80. Sakaki, T., A. Limsuwat, K. M. Smits, and T. H. Illangasekare (2008), Empirical two-point a-mixing model for calibrating the ECH2O EC-5 soil moisture sensor in sands, Water Resour. Res., 44, W00D08, doi: 10.1029/2008WR006870.
81. Scanlon, B. R., K. Keese, R. C. Reedy, J. Simunek, and B. J. Andraski (2003), Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties, Water Resour. Res., 39(7), 1179, doi:10.1029/2002WR001604.
82. Scanlon, B. R., R. C. Reedy, K. E. Keese, and S. F. Dwyer (2005), Evaluation of evapotranspirative covers for waste containment in arid and semiarid regions in the southwestern USA, Vadose Zone J., 4, 55-71.
83. Seidl, G. (1966), Surl'énergie de liaison de l'humidite liee dans les materiaux poreux et colloïdaux, Actes du Colloque international: Phenomenes de transport avec changement de phase dans les milieu poreux ou colloïdaux, CNRS, Paris, 18-20 April.
84. Sepaskhah, A. R., and L. Boersma (1979), Thermal conductivity of soils as a function of temperature and water content, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43, 439-444. (Pubitemid 9470111)
85. Shokri, N., P. Lehmann, and D. Or (2009), Critical evaluation of enhancement factors for vapor transport through unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 45, W10433, doi:10.1029/2009WR007769.
86. She, H. Y., and B. E. Sleep (1998), Effect of temperature on capillary pressure-saturation relationships for air-water and perchloroethylene-water systems, Water Resour. Res., 34, 2587-2597, doi:10.1029/98WR01199. (Pubitemid 28451058)
87. Shepherd, R., and R. J. Wiltshire (1995), An analytical approach to coupled heat and moisture transport in soil, Transp. Porous Media, 20, 281-304. (Pubitemid 26444156)
88. Shu Fen, S. (1982), Moisture and heat transport in a soil layer forced by atmospheric conditions, MSc. thesis, Univ. of Conn, Storrs, Conn.
89. Simunek, J., J. M. H. Hendrickx, and B. Borchers (2001), Modeling transient temperature distributions around landmines in homogeneous bare soils, Proc. SPIE, 4394, 387-397.
90. Skinner, L. M., and J. R. Sambles (1972), The Kelvin equation-A review, Aerosol Sci, 3, 199-210.
91. Smits, K. M., T. Sakaki, A. Limsuwat, and T. H. Illangasekare (2010), Thermal conductivity of sands under varying moisture and porosity in drainage-wetting cycles, Vadose Zone J., 9, doi:10.2136/vzj2009.0095.
92. Sophocleous, M. (1979), Analysis of water and heat flow in unsaturated-saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 15, 1195-1206, doi:10.1029/WR015i005p01195.
93. Taylor, S. A., and L. Cavazza (1954), The movement of soil moisture in response to temperature gradients, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc, 18, 351-358.
94. van de Griend, A. A., and M. Owe (1994), Bare soil surface-resistance to evaporation by vapor diffusion under semiarid conditions, Water Resour. Res., 30, 181-188, doi:10.1029/93WR02747. (Pubitemid 24405672)
95. van Genuchten, M. T. (1980), A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892-898.
96. Ventura, F., B. A. Faber, K. M. Bali, R. L. Snyder, D. Spano, P. Duce, and K. F. Schulbach (2001), Model for estimating evaporation and transpiration from row crops, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 127, 339-345. (Pubitemid 33119479)
97. Villagarcia, L., A. Were, F. Domingo, M. Garcia, and L. Alados-Arbotedas (2007), Estimation of soil boundary-layer resistance in sparse semiarid stands for evapotranspiration modelling, J. Hydrol., 342, 173-183. (Pubitemid 47069362)
98. Webb, S. W., and C. K. Ho (1998), Review of enhanced vapor diffusion in porous media, Rep. SAND98-1819C, Sandia Natl. Lab., Albuquerque, N. M.
99. Youd, T. L. (1973), Factors controlling maximum and minimum densities of sands, in Evaluation of Relative Density and its Role in Geotechnical Projects Involving Cohesionless Soils, edited by E. T. Selig and R. S. Ladd, pp. 98-112, Am. Soc. for Testing and Mater. Int., West Conshohocken, Pa.
100. Zhang, J., and A. K. Datta (2004), Some considerations in modeling of moisture transport in heating of hygroscopic materials, Drying Tech., 22, 1983-2008. (Pubitemid 39437625)
101. Zhang, Y., X. F. Peng, and I. Conte (2007), Heat and mass transfer with condensation in non-saturated porous media, Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A, 52, 1081-1100. (Pubitemid 47460894)
102. Zhou, J., J. L. Heitman, R. Horton, T. Ren, T. E. Ochsner, L. Prunty, R. P. Ewing, and T. J. Sauer (2006), Method for maintaining one-dimensional temperature gradients in unsaturated, closed soil cells, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70, 1303-1309. (Pubitemid 44050297)