Comparison between blood serum and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses using an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 487-493

  Peeters, M ^a,b   Sulon, J ^a   Beckers, J F ^a   Ledoux, D ^a   Vandenheede, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b Liège University Hospital   (Belgium)

Author keywords

ACTH challenge; Cortisol; Horse; Saliva; Stress

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HORSE; MALE; METABOLISM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SALIVA; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; FEMALE; HORSES; HYDROCORTISONE; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SALIVA;

EQUIDAE;

EID: 79957933488     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00294.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Alexander, S.L. and Irvine, C.H. (1998) The effect of social stress on adrenal axis activity in horses: The importance of monitoring corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity. J. Endocrinol. 157, 425-432.
2. Alexander, S.L., Irvine, C.H., Ellis, M.J. and Donald, R.A. (1991) The effect of acute exercise on the secretion of corticotropin- releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, and adrenocorticotropin as measured in pituitary venous blood from the horse. Endocrinol. 128, 65-72.
3. Anderson, M.K., Friend, T.H., Evans, J.W. and Bushong, D.M. (1999) Behavioral assessment of horses in therapeutic riding programs. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 63, 11-24.
4. Arafah, B.M., Nishiyama, F.J., Tlaygeh, H. and Hejal, R. (2007) Measurement of salivary cortisol concentration in the assessment of adrenal function in critically ill subjects: A surrogate marker of the circulating free cortisol. J. clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 2965-2971.
5. Banga-Mboko, H., Sulon, J., Closset, J., Remy, B., Youssao, I., De Sousa, N.M., El Amiri, B., Sangild, P.T., Maes, D. and Beckers, J.F. (2003) An improved radioimmunoassay for measurement of pepsinogen in porcine blood samples. Vet. J. 165, 288-295.
6. Beerda, B., Schilder, M.B.H., Janssen, N.S.C.R.M. and Mol, J.A. (1996) The use of saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and catecholamine measurements for a noninvasive assessment of stress responses in dogs. Horm. Behav. 30, 272-279.
7. Bousquet-Mélou, A., Formentini, E., Picard-Hagen, N., Delage, L., Laroute, V. and Toutain, P.-L. (2006) The adrenocorticotropin stimulation test: Contribution of a physiologically based model developed in horse for its interpretation in different pathophysiological situations encountered in man. Endocrinol. 147, 4281-4291.
8. Bushong, D.M., Friend, T.H. and Knabe, D.A. (2000) Salivary and plasma cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin administration in pigs. Lab. Anim. 34, 171-181.
9. Calixto, C., Martinez, F.E., Jorge, S.M., Moreira, A.C. and Martinelli, C.E. (2002) Correlation between plasma and salivary cortisol levels in preterm infants. J. Pediatr. 140, 116-118.
10. Castro, M., Elias, P.C.L., Martinelli, C.E.J., Antonini, S.R.R., Santiago, L. and Moreira, A.C. (2000) Salivary cortisol as a tool for physiological studies and diagnistic strategies. Braz. J. med. biol. Res. 33, 1171-1175.
11. Cavallone, E., Giancamillo, M.D., Secchiero, B., Belloli, A., Pravettoni, D. and Rimoldi, E.M. (2002) Variations of serum cortisol in Argentine horses subjected to ship transport and adaptation stress. J. equine vet. Sci. 22, 541-545.
12. Cayado, P., Munoz-Escassi, B., Dominguez, C., Manley, W., Olabarri, B., Sanchez de la Muela, M., Castejon, F., Maranon, G. and Vara, E. (2006) Hormone response to training and competition in athletic horses. Equine vet. J., Suppl. 36, 274-278.
13. Clark, D.K., Friend, T.H. and Dellmeier, G. (1993) The effect of orientation during trailer transport on heart rate, cortisol and balance in horses. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 38, 179-189.
14. Covalesky, M.E., Russoniello, C.R. and Malinowski, K. (1992) Effects of show-jumping performance stress on plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations and heart rate and behavior in horses. J. equine vet. Sci. 12, 244-251.
15. Creighton, E., Hughes, T. and Coleman, R. (2004) Validation of salivary cortisol as an indicator of stress in horses (Equus caballus). In: Proceedings of the 38th International Congress of the ISAE, Col. University of Helsinki, Finland. p 186.
16. Demey-Ponsart, E., Sulon, J., Sodoyer, J.C., Bourque, J., Gaspard, U.J. and van Cauwenberge, H. (1986) Stéroïdes salivaires et hormones plasmiques libres chez la femme. J. Gynécol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod. 15, 615-619.
17. Dorin, R.I., Pai, H.K., Ho, J.T., Lewis, J.G., Torpy, D.J., Urban Iii, F.K. and Qualls, C.R. (2009) Validation of a simple method of estimating plasma free cortisol: Role of cortisol binding to albumin. Clin. Biochem. 42, 64-71.
18. Elsaesser, F., Klobasa, F. and Ellendorff, F. (2001) Evaluation of salivary cortisol determination and of cortisol responses to ACTH as markers of the training status/fitness of warmblood sports horses. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 108, 31-36.
19. Fazio, E., Medica, P., Aronica, V., Grasso, L. and Ferlazzo, A. (2008) Circulating beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol levels of stallions before and after short road transport: Stress effect of different distances. Acta vet. Scand. 50, 6.
20. Fell, L., Shutt, D. and Bentley, C. (1985) Development of a salivary cortisol method for detecting changes in plasma 'free' cortisol arising from acute stress in sheep. Aust. vet. J. 62, 403-406.
21. Fenske, M. (1996) Saliva cortisol and testosterone in the guinea pig: measures for the endocrine function of adrenals and testes? Steroids 61, 647-650.
22. Francis, S.J., Walker, R.F., Riad-Fahmy, D., Hughes, D., Murphy, J.F. and Gray, O.P. (1987) Assessment of adrenocortical activity in term newborn infants using salivary cortisol determinations. J. Pediatr. 111, 129-133.
23. Garde, A.H. and Hansen, A.M. (2005) Long-term stability of salivary cortisol. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 65, 433-436.
24. Greenwood, F.C., Hunter, W.M. and Glover, J.S. (1963) The preparation of 131-I-labelled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity. Biochem. J. 89, 14-123.
25. Harewood, E.J. and McGowan, C.M. (2005) Behavioral and physiological responses to stabling in naive horses. J. equine vet. Sci. 25, 164-170.
26. Hellhammer, D.H., Wüst, S. and Kudielka, B.M. (2009) Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 34, 163-171.
27. Hennessy, M.B., Voith, V.L., Mazzei, S.J., Buttram, J., Miller, D.D. and Linden, F. (2001) Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behavior after adoption. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 73, 217-233.
28. Hughes, T., Creighton, E. and Coleman, R. (2006) Validation of salivary cortisol as an indicator of HPA activity in horses. Proceedings of the 41st International Congres of the ISAE, Merida, Mexico. p 157.
29. Jongman, E.C., Bidstrup, I. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2005) Behavioural and physiological measures of welfare of pregnant mares fitted with a novel urine collection device. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 93, 147-163.
30. Krawczel, P.D., Friend, T.H., Caldwell, D.J., Archer, G. and Ameiss, K. (2007) Effects of continuous versus intermittent transport on plasma constituents and antibody response of lambs. J. anim. Sci. 85, 468-476.
31. Lac, G. (2001) Saliva assays in clinical and research biology. Pathol. Biol. 49, 660-667.
32. le Roux, C.W., Chapman, G.A., Kong, W.M., Dhillo, W.S., Jones, J. and Alaghband-Zadeh, J. (2003) Free cortisol index is better than serum total cortisol in determining hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal status in patients undergoing surgery. J. clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 2045-2048.
33. Lebelt, D., Schonreiter, S. and Zanella, A.J. (1996) Salivary cortisol in stallions: The relationship with plasma levels, daytime profile and changes in response to semen collection. Pferdeheilkunde 12, 411-414.
34. McGreevy, P. and Nicol, C. (1998) Physiological and behavioral consequences associated with short-term prevention of crib-biting in horses. Physiol. Behav. 65, 15-23.
35. Mears, C.J. and Brown, F.A. (1997) Cortisol and β-endorphin responses to physical and physiological stressors in lambs. Can. J. anim. Sci. 77, 689-694.
36. Moons, C.P.H., Laughlin, K. and Zanella, A.J. (2005) Effects of short-term maternal separations on weaning stress in foals. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 91, 321-335.
37. Mormède, P., Andanson, S., Aupérin, B., Beerda, B., Guémené, D., Malmkvist, J., Manteca, X., Manteuffel, G., Prunet, P., van Reenen, C.G., Richard, S. and Veissier, I. (2007) Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare. Physiol. Behav. 92, 317-339.
38. Möstl, E. and Palme, R. (2002) Hormones as indicators of stress. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23, 67-74.
39. Negrao, J.A., Porcionato, M.A., de Passille, A.M. and Rushen, J. (2004) Cortisol in saliva and plasma of cattle after ACTH administration and milking. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 1713-1718.
40. Nicolson, N., Storms, C., Ponds, R. and Sulon, J. (1997) Salivary cortisol levels and stress reactivity in human aging. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 52, M68-M75.
41. Peeters, M., Péters, F., Sulon, J., Sandersen, C., Poncin, P., Serteyn, D. and Vandenheede, M. (2008) Behavioural and physiological assessment of stress level in hospitalised horses: Correlation between parameters. In: The 42nd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology, Eds: L. Boyle, N. O'Connell and A. Hanlon, UCD in Dublin, Dublin. p 153.
42. Peeters, M., Sulon, J., Serteyn, D. and Vandenheede, M. (2010) Assessment of stress level in horses during competition using salivary cortisol: preliminary studies. J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res. 5, 216.
43. Pell, S.M. and McGreevy, P.D. (1999) A study of cortisol and beta-endorphin levels in stereotypic and normal Thoroughbreds. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 64, 81-90.
44. Poon, C.-S. (1988) Analysis of linear and mildly nonlinear relationships using pooled subject data. J. appl. Physiol. 64, 854-859.
45. Riad-Fahmy, D., Read, G.F., Walker, R.F. and Griffiths, K. (1982) Steroids in saliva for assessing endocrine function. Endocr. Rev. 3, 367-395.
46. Ronayne, E. and Hynes, N. (1990) Measurement of plasma progesterone concentrations by extraction and non-extraction radioimmunoassays. Irish J. Agric. Res. 29, 109-115.
47. Roy, M.P., Kirschbaum, C. and Steptoe, A. (2001) Psychological, cardiovascular, and metabolic correlates of individual differences in cortisol stress recovery in young men. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 26, 375-391.
48. Rushen, J., Munksgaard, L., Marnet, P.G. and DePassillé, A.M. (2001) Human contact and the effects of acute stress on cows at milking. Appl. anim. behav. Sci. 73, 1-14.
49. Schmidt, A., Mostl, E., Aurich, J., Neuhauser, S. and Aurich, C. (2009) Comparison of cortisol and cortisone levels in blood plasma and saliva and cortisol metabolite concentrations in faeces for stress analysis in horses. In: 5th International Equitation Science Conference Eds: P. McGreevy, A. Warren-Smith and C. Oddie, Sydney. p 53.
50. Schmidt, A., Biau, S., Möstl, E., Becker-Birck, M., Morillon, B., Aurich, J., Faure, J.M. and Aurich, C. (2010a) Changes in cortisol release and heart rate variability in sport horses during long-distance road transport. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 38, 179-189.
51. Schmidt, A., Möstl, E., Wehnert, C., Aurich, J., Müller, J. and Aurich, C. (2010b) Cortisol release and heart rate variability in horses during road transport. Horm. Behav. 57, 209-215.
52. Skelley, D.S., Brown, L.P. and Besch, P.K. (1973) Radioimmunoassay. Clin. Chem. 19, 146-186.
53. Sulon, J., Demey-Ponsart, L., Beauduin, P. and Sodoyez, J.C. (1978) Radioimmunoassay of corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone: their application to human cord and maternal plasma. J. Steroid Biochem. 9, 671-676.
54. Van der Kolk, J.H., Nachreiner, R.F., Schott, H.C., Refsal, K.R. and Zanella, A.J. (2001) Salivary and plasma concentration of cortisol in normal horses and horses with Cushing's disease. Equine vet. J. 33, 211-213.
55. Van Eck, M., Berkhof, H., Nicolson, N. and Sulon, J. (1996) The effects of perceived stress, traits, mood states, and stressful daily events on salivary cortisol. Psychosom. Med. 58, 447-458.
56. Vincent, I.C. and Michell, A.R. (1992) Comparison of cortisol concentrations in saliva and plasma of dog. Res. vet. Sci. 53, 342-345.
57. Walker, R.F., Riad-Fahmy, D. and Read, G.F. (1978) Adrenal status assessed by direct radioimmunoassay of cortisol in whole saliva or parotid saliva. Clin. Chem. 24, 1460-1463.
58. Wolf, J.M., Nicholls, E. and Chen, E. (2008) Chronic stress, salivary cortisol, and [alpha]-amylase in children with asthma and healthy children. Biol. Psychol. 78, 20-28.