Hormonal contraception and cardiovascular system

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Volumn 96, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Brito, Milena Bastos ^a   Nobre, Fernando ^a   Vieira, Carolina Sales ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Contraception; Contraceptive agents contraindications familyplanning (public health); Venous thrombosis

Indexed keywords

CYPROTERONE ACETATE; DESOGESTREL; DROSPIRENONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS ETONOGESTREL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS LEVONORGESTREL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORELGESTROMIN; ETONOGESTREL; GESTAGEN; GESTODENE; LEVONORGESTREL; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN S; SEX HORMONE;

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C RESISTANCE; ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG UTILIZATION; HEMOSTASIS; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; VAGINA RING; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 79957905406     PISSN: 0066782X     EISSN: 16784170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000022     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Ministério da Saúde [homepage na Internet]. Pesquisa nacional de demografia e saúde da criança e mulher (PNDS), 2006 [citado 2008 dez 17]. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/pnds/saude_nutricional.php
2. World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Family planning: a global handbook for providers (2008). Baltimore and Geneva: CCP and WHO; 2008.
3. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre casecontrol study. Lancet. 1995; 346 (8990): 1575-82.
4. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet. 1995; 346 (8990): 1582-8.
5. Khader YS, Rice J, John L, Abueita O. Oral contraceptives use and the risk of myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Contraception. 2003; 68 (1): 11-7.
6. Girolami A, Scandellari R, Tezza F, Paternoster D, Girolami B. Arterial thrombosis in young women after ovarian stimulation: case report and review of the literature. J Thromb Thrombol. 2007; 24 (2): 169-7.
7. World Health Organization. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. 4rd ed. Geneva; 2009.
8. Mammen EF. Oral contraceptive pills and hormonal replacement therapy and thromboembolic disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2000; 14 (5): 1045-59.
9. Rosendaal FR, Van Hylckama Vlieg A, Tanis BC, Helmerhorst FM. Estrogens, progestogens and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2003; 1 (7): 1371-80.
10. Rosendaal FR. Venous thrombosis: the role of genes, environment, and behavior. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005; 1-12.
11. van Hylckama Vlieg A, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbroucke JP, Doggen CJ, Rosendaal FR. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ. 2009; 339: b2921.
12. Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbroucke JP. Female hormones and thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002; 22 (2): 201-10.
13. Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Grobbee DE. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thrombosis: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2001; 323 (7305): 131-4.
14. Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmannc R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppef KW, et al. Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2003; 61 (1-2): 171-80.
15. Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, Tans G, Bouma BN, Curvers J, et al. Effect of second-and third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation: a randomized trial. Blood. 2004; 103 (3): 927-33.
16. Conard J. Biological coagulation findings in third-generation oral contraceptives. Hum Reprod Uptade. 1999; 5 (6): 672-80.
17. Tans G, Curvers J, Middeldorp S, Thomassen MC, Meijers JC, Prins MH, et al. A randomized cross-over study on the effects of levonorgestrel-and desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives on the anticoagulant pathways. Thromb Haemost. 2000; 84 (1): 15-21.
18. Tans G, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Thomassen MC, Curvers J, Bertina RM, Rosing J, et al. Activated protein C resistance determined with a thrombin generationbased test predicts for venous thrombosis in men and women. Br J Haematol. 2003; 122 (3): 465-70.
19. Odlind V, Milsom I, Persson I, Victor A. Can changes in sex hormone 31. binding globulin predict the risk of venous thromboembolism with combined oral contraceptive pills? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002; 81 (6): 482-90.
20. Vieira CS, Oliveira LCO, Sá MFS. Hormônio femininos e hemostasia. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2007; 29 (10): 538-47.
21. Pomp ER, Lenselink AM, Rosendaal FR, Doggen CJ. Pregnancy, the postpartum period and prothrombotic defects: risk of venous thrombosis in the MEGA study. J Thromb Haemost. 2008; 6(4):632-7.
22. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception. Report of a WHO Scientific group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998. (WHO Technical Report Series, 877).
23. Lowe GDO. Venous and arterial thrombosis: epidemiology and risk factors at various age. Maturitas. 2004; 47 (4): 259-63.
24. Conard J, Plu-Bureau G, Bahi N, Horellou MH, Pelissier C, Thalabard JC. Progestogen-only contraception in women at high risk of venous thromboembolism. Contraception. 2004; 70 (6): 437-41.
25. Winkler UH, Howie H, Buhler K, Korver T, Geurts TB, Coelingh Bennink HJ. A randomized controlled double-blind study of the effects on hemostasis of two progestogen-only pills containing 75 microgram desogestrel or 30 microgram levonorgestrel. Contraception. 1998; 57 (6): 385-92.
26. Dorflinger LJ. Metabolic effects of implantable steroid contraceptives for women. Contraception. 2002; 65 (1): 47-62.
27. Egberg N, van Beek A, Gunnervik C, Hulkko S, Hirvonen E, Larsson-Cohn U, et al. Effects on hemostatic system and liver function in relation to Implanonâ and Norplantâ: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Contraception. 1998; 58 (2): 93-8.
28. Vieira CS, Ferriani RA, Garcia AA, Gomes MKO, Azevedo GD, Silva de Sá MF. Transitory reduction of platelet aggregation with the use of etonogestrel implant in healthy women. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 94: 682-3.
29. Vieira CS, Ferriani RA, Garcia AA, Pintão MC, Azevedo GD, Gomes MK, et al. Use of the etonogestrel-releasing implant is associated with hypoactivation of the coagulation cascade. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22 (8): 2196-201.
30. Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, Lévesque H, et al. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation. 2007; 115 (7): 840-5.
31. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Ortho Evra (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol) Information [text on the Internet]. 2006 [cited 2007 Jul 20]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/cder/ drug/infopage/orthoevra/default.htm
32. Jick SS, Kaye JA, Russmann S, Jick H. Risk of nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using a contraceptive transdermal patch and oral contraceptives containing norgestimate and 35 Ag of ethinyl estradiol. Contraception. 2006; 73 (3): 223-8.
33. Magnusdóttir EM, Bjarnadóttir RI, Onundarson PT, Gudmundsdóttir BR, Geirsson RT, Magnusdóttir SD, et al. The contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) and hemostasis: a comparative study. Contraception. 2004; 69 (6): 461-7.
34. Sitruk-Ware R, Plu-Bureau G, Menard J, Conard J, Kumar S, Thalabard JC, et al. Effects of oral and transvaginal ethinyl estradiol on hemostatic factors and hepatic proteins in a randomized, crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92 (6): 2074-9.
35. World Health Organization/United Nations Development Programme/ United Nations Population Fund/ World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Task Force on Long-acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation. Comparative study of the effects of two once-a-month injectable contraceptives (Cyclofem® and Mesigyna®) and one oral contraceptive (Ortho-Novum 1/35®) on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Contraception. 2003; 68 (3): 159-76.
36. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen only contraceptives. Contraception. 1998; 57 (5): 315-24.
37. Sartorelli DS, Franco LJ. Tendências do diabetes mellitus no Brasil: o papel da transição nutricional. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003; 19 (1): S29-S36.
38. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone. Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international multicentre case-control study. Lancet. 1997; 349 (9060): 1202-9.
39. Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Kemmeren JM, Cats VM, Helmerhorst FM, Algra A, et al. Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345 (25):1787-93.
40. Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Bollen EL, Helmerhorst FM, van der Graaf Y, et al. Risk of arterial thrombosis in relation to oral contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2002; 33: 1202-8.
41. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Hormones and cardiovascular health in women. Hum Reprod Update. 2006; 12 (5): 483-97.
42. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet. 1996; 348 (9026): 498-505.
43. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Hormonal contraception: recent advances and controversies. Fertil Steril. 2008; 90 (5 Suppl): S103-13.
44. Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000; 284 (1): 72-8.
45. Chan WS, Ray J, Wai EK, Ginsburg S, Hannah ME, Corey PN, et al. Risk of stroke in women exposed to low-dose oral contraceptives: a critical evaluation of the evidence. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164 (7): 741-7.
46. Heinemann LA. The changing scene-an unnecessary pill crisis. Hum Reprod Update. 1999; 5 (6): 746-55.
47. Heinemann LA, Lewis MA, Thorogood M, Spitzer WO, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Bruppacher R. Case-control study of oral contraceptives and risk of thromboembolic stroke: results from international study on oral contraceptives and health of young women. BMJ. 1997; 315 (7121): 1502-4.
48. Heinemann LA, Lewis MA, Spitzer WO, Thorogood M, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Bruppacher R. Thromboembolic stroke in young women. Contraception. 1998; 57 (1): 29-37.
49. Chang CL, Donaghy M, Poulter N. Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study. The World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. BMJ. 1999; 318 (7175): 13-8.
50. Rasmussen BK. Epidemiology of headache. Cephalgia. 2001; 21 (7): 774-7.
51. Massiou H, MacGregor EA. Evolution and treatment of migraine with oral contraceptives. Cephalalgia. 2000; 20 (3): 170-4.
52. Jick SS, Jick H. The contraceptive patch in relation to ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy. 2007; 27 (2): 218-20.
53. Miller L, Patton DL, Meier A, Thwin SS, Hooton TM, Eschenbach DA. Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced hypoestrogenism and changes in vaginal flora and epithelium. Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 96 (3): 431-9.
54. Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Yoshimura T, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, et al. Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus estradiol on endotheliumdependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol. 2001; 87 (2): 238-40.
55. Sorensen MB, Collins P, Ong PJ, Webb CM, Hayward CS, Asbury EA, et al. Long-term use of contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in young women impairs arterial endothelial function assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2002; 106 (13): 1646-51.
56. Westhoff C. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception: metabolic parameters and mood changes. J Reprod Med. 1996; 41 (5 Suppl): 401-6.
57. Suherman SK, Affandi B, Korver T. The effects of Implanon on lipid metabolism in comparison with Norplant. Contraception. 1999; 60 (5): 281-7.
58. Innal MM, Yildirim Y, Ertopcu K, Avci ME, Ozelmas I, Tinar S. Effect of the subdermal contraceptive etonogestrel. Implant (Implanon) on biochemical and hormonal parameters (three years follow-up). Eur J Cont Reprod Health Care. 2008; 28: 1-5.
59. Morin-Papunen L, Martikainen H, McCarthy MI, Franks S, Sovio U, Hartikainen AL, et al. Comparison of metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in women who used oral contraceptives and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in a general population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 199 (5): 529. e1-529. e10.
60. Van Den Bosch MA, Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, Mali WP, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR, et al. The RATIO study: oral contraceptives and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women. J Thromb Haemost. 2003; 1 (3): 439-44.
61. Heinemann LA, Assmann A, DoMinh T, Garbe E. Oral progestogen-only contraceptives and cardiovascular risk: results from the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 1999; 4 (2): 67-73.
62. Chakhtoura Z, Canonico M, Gompel A, Thalabard JC, Scarabin PY, Plu-Bureau G. Progestogen-only contraceptives and the risk of stroke: a metaanalysis. Stroke. 2009; 40 (4): 1059-62.
63. Oelkers WK. Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin aldosterone system and blood pressure. Steroids. 1996; 61 (4): 166-71.
64. Sitruk-Ware R. New progestagens for contraceptive use. Hum Reprod Update. 2006; 12 (2): 169-78.
65. Palacios S, Foidart JM, Genazzani AR. Advances in hormone replacement therapy with drospirenone, a unique progestogen with aldosterone receptor antagonism. Maturitas. 2006; 55 (4): 297-307.
66. Oelkers WH. Drospirenone in combination with estrogens: for contraception and hormone replacement therapy. Climacteric. 2005; 8 (Suppl. 3): 19-27.
67. White WB, Hanes V, Chauhan V, Pitt B. Effects of a new hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-beta-estradiol, in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Hypertension. 2006; 48 (2): 246-53.
68. Yildizhan R, Yildizhan B, Adali E, Yoruk P, Birol F, Suer N. Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol 30 mcg combined with either gestodene or drospirenone on hemostatic parameters, lipid profiles and blood pressure. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009; 280 (2): 255-61.
69. Suthipongse W, Taneepanichskul S. An open-label randomized comparative study of oral contraceptives between medications containing 3 mg drospirenone/30 microg ethinylestradiol and 150 microg levonogestrel/30 microg ethinylestradiol in Thai women. Contraception. 2004; 69 (1): 23-6.
70. Lubianca JN, Faccin CS, Fuchs FD. Oral contraceptives: a risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure among hypertensive women. Contraception. 2003; 67 (1): 19-24.
71. Lubianca JN, Moreira LB, Gus M, Fuchs FD. Stopping oral contraceptives: an effective blood pressure-lowering intervention in women with hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2005; 19 (6): 451-5.
72. de Carvalho MN, Nobre F, Mendes MC, Dos Reis RM, Ferriani RA, Silva de Sá MF. Low-dose transdermal hormone therapy does not interfere with the blood pressure of hypertensive menopausal women: a pilot study. Blood Press Monit. 2008; 13 (5): 277-83.
73. Du Y, Melchert HU, Schäfer-Korting M. Use of oral contraceptives in Germany: prevalence, determinants and use-associated health correlates. Results of National Health Surveys from 1984 to 1999. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007; 134 (1): 57-66.
74. Hussain SF. Progestogen-only pills and high blood pressure: is there an association? A literature review. Contraception. 2004; 69 (2): 89-97.
75. Shufelt CL, Bairey Merz CN. Contraceptive hormone use and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53 (3): 221-31.