Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float

Biogeosciences

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1291-1307

  Bagniewski, W ^a,b   Fennel, K ^b   Perry, M J ^a   D'Asaro, E A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ALGAL BLOOM; CALIBRATION; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FLUX; CYST; DEEP SEA; DIATOM; ERROR ANALYSIS; GRAZING; LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; PHYTOPLANKTON; SILICATE; ZOOPLANKTON;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); ICELAND;

BACILLARIOPHYTA;

EID: 79957868256     PISSN: 17264170     EISSN: 17264189     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/bg-8-1291-2011     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Allen, J., Brown, L., Sanders, R., Moore, C., Mustard, A., Fielding, S., Lucas, M., Rixen, M., Savidge, G., Henson, S., and Mayor, D.: Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast Atlantic, Nature, 437, 728-732, 2005. (Pubitemid 41486540)
2. Bienfang, P., Harrison, P., and Quarmby, L.: Sinking rate response to depletion of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in four marine diatoms, Mar. Biol., 67, 295-302, 1982.
3. Billett, D., Lampitt, R., Rice, A., and Mantoura, R.: Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos, Nature, 302, 520-522, 1983. (Pubitemid 14270494)
4. Boyd, P. and Newton, P.: Evidence of the potential influence of planktonic community structure on the interannual variability of particulate organic carbon flux, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 619-639, 1995. (Pubitemid 26449912)
5. Briggs, N.: Analysis of optical spikes reveals dynamics of aggregates in the twilight zone, M.S. thesis, 97 pp., 2010.
6. Buesseler, K., Bacon, M., Cochran, J.K., and Livingston, H.: Carbon and nitrogen export during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment estimated from 234Th: 238U disequilibria, Deep Sea Res. Pt. A, 39, 1115-1137, 1992. (Pubitemid 23372717)
7. Burchard, H., Bolding, K., and Villarreal, M.: GOTM-a general ocean turbulence model. Theory, applications and test cases, Tech. Rep., EUR 18745 EN, European Commission, 1999.
8. Bury, S., Boyd, P., Preston, T., Savidge, G., and Owens, N.: Size-fractionated primary production and nitrogen uptake during a North Atlantic phytoplankton bloom: implications for carbon export estimates, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 689-720, 2001. (Pubitemid 32100459)
9. Dale, T., Rey, F., and Heimdal, B.: Seasonal development of phy-toplankton at a high latitude oceanic site, Sarsia, 84, 419-435, 1999. (Pubitemid 129333546)
10. D'Asaro, E.: Performance of autonomous Lagrangian floats, J. At-mos. Ocean. Tech., 20, 896-911, 2002. (Pubitemid 36844887)
11. Denman, K.: Modelling planktonic ecosystems: parameterizing complexity, Prog. Oceanogr., 57, 429-452, 2003.
12. Doney, S., Glover, D., and Najjar, R.: A new coupled, one-dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean: Applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 43, 591-624, 1996.
13. Ducklow, H. and Harris, R.: Introduction to the JGOFS North Atlantic bloom experiment, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 1-8, 1993.
14. Eppley, R.: Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea, Fish. Bull., 70, 1063-1085, 1972.
15. Evans, G. and Parslow, J.: A model of annual plankton cycles, Biol. Oceanogr., 3, 327-347, 1985.
16. Fasham, M., Ducklow, H., and McKelvie, S.: A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer, J. Mar. Res., 48, 591-639, 1990.
17. Faugeras, B., Levy, M., Memery, L., Verron, J., Blum, J., and Charpentier, I.: Can biogeochemical fluxes be recovered from nitrate and chlorophyll data?, A case study assimilating data in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea at the JGOFS-DYFAMED station, J. Mar. Syst., 40-41, 99-125, 2003. (Pubitemid 36530912)
18. Fennel, K. and Boss, E.: Subsurface maxima of phytoplankton and chlorophyll: Steady-state solutions from a simple model, Lim-nol. Oceanogr., 48, 1521-1534, 2003. (Pubitemid 36964772)
19. Fennel, K., Losch, M., Schröter, J., and Wenzel, M.: Testing a marine ecosystem model: sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization, J. Mar. Syst., 28, 45-63, 2001. (Pubitemid 32235512)
20. Fennel, K., Abbott, M., Spitz, Y., Richman, J., and Nelson, D.: Modeling controls of phytoplankton production in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 769-798, 2003a. (Pubitemid 36339267)
21. Fennel, K., Abbott, M., Spitz, Y., Richman, J., and Nelson, D.: Impacts of iron control on phytoplankton production in the modern and glacial Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 833-851, 2003b. (Pubitemid 36339268)
22. Franklin, D., Brussaard, C., and Berges, J.: What is the role and nature of programmed cell death in phytoplankton ecology?, European J. Phycology, 41, 1-14, 2006. (Pubitemid 43379200)
23. Franks, P., Wroblewski, J., and Flierl, G.: Behavior of a simple plankton model with food-level acclimation by herbivores, Mar. Biol., 91, 121-129, 1986.
24. Friedrichs, M., Hood, R., and Wiggert, J.: Ecosystem model complexity versus physical forcing: Quantification of their relative impact with assimilated Arabian Sea data, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 53, 576-600, 2006. (Pubitemid 43866506)
25. Fung, I., Meyn, S., Tegen, I., Doney, S., John, J., and Bishop, J.: Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 281-295, 2000.
26. Garcia, H. and Gordon, L.: Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1307-1312, 1992.
27. Geider, R., MacIntyre, H., and Kana, T.: Dynamic model of phy-toplankton growth and acclimation: responses of the balanced growth rate and the chlorophyll a: carbon ratio to light, nutrient-limitation and temperature, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 148, 187-200, 1997.
28. Gilbert, J. and Lemaréchal, C.: Some numerical experiments with variable-storage quasi-Newton algorithms, Math. Program., 45, 407-435, 1989. (Pubitemid 20660312)
29. Hegseth, E., Svendsen, H., and Von Quillfeldt, C.: Phytoplankton in fjords and coastal waters of northern Norway: environmental conditions and dynamics of the spring bloom, in: Ecology of Fjords and Coastal Waters, edited by: Skjodal, H. R., Hopkins, C., Erikstad, K. E., and Leinas, H. P., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 45-72, 1995.
30. Hilborn, R. and Mangel, M.: The ecological detective: confronting models with data, Princeton University Press, 1997.
31. Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-472, 1996.
32. Kirk, J.: Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
33. Lima, I. and Doney, S.: A three-dimensional, multi-nutrient, and size-structured ecosystem model for the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3019, doi:10.1029/2003GB002146, 2004. (Pubitemid 39621749)
34. ? W during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 91-114, 1993. (Pubitemid 23400244)
35. Malone, T.: Algal size, The physiological ecology of phytoplank-ton, 1, 433-63, 1980.
36. Martin, J., Fitzwater, S., Gordon, R.M., Hunter, C., and Tanner, S.: Iron, primary production and carbon-nitrogen flux studies during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 115-134, 1993. (Pubitemid 23400245)
37. Martin, P., Lampitt, R. S., Perry, M. J., Sanders, R., Lee, C., and D'Asaro, E.: Export and mesopelagic particle flux during a North Atlantic spring diatom bloom, Deep Sea Res. I, 58, 338-349, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.01.006, 2011.
38. Matear, R.: Parameter optimization and analysis of ecosystem models using simulated annealing: A case study at Station P, J. Mar. Res., 53, 571-607, 1995. (Pubitemid 26463698)
39. Mémery, L., Reverdin, G., Paillet, J., and Oschlies, A.: Introduction to the POMME special section: Thermocline ventilation and biogeochemical tracer distribution in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and impact of mesoscale dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JC002976, 2005. (Pubitemid 41327124)
40. Nielsdóttir, M., Moore, C., Sanders, R., Hinz, D., and Achterberg, E.: Iron limitation of the postbloom phytoplankton communities in the Iceland Basin, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB3001, doi:10.1029/2008GB003410, 2009.
41. Nightingale, P., Malin, G., Law, C., Watson, A., Liss, P., Liddicoat, M., Boutin, J., and Upstill-Goddard, R.: In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel conservative and volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 373-387, 2000.
42. Oschlies, A.: Can eddies make ocean deserts bloom?, Global Bio-geochem. Cy., 16(4), 1106, doi:10.1029/2001GB001830, 2002.
43. Oschlies, A. and Garçon, V.: An eddy-permitting coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic 1. Sensitivity to advection numerics and mixed layer physics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 135-160, 1999. (Pubitemid 29365970)
44. Oschlies, A., Koeve, W., and Garçon, V.: An eddy-permitting coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic 2. Ecosystem dynamics and comparison with satellite and JGOFS local studies data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 499-523, 2000.
45. Pondaven, P., Ruiz-Pino, D., Fravalo, C., Treguer, P., and Jeandel, C.: Interannual variability of Si and N cycles at the time-series station KERFIX between 1990 and 1995-A 1-D modelling study, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 47, 223-257, 2000. (Pubitemid 30018346)
46. Prunet, P., Minster, J., Ruiz-Pino, D., and Dadou, I.: Assimilation of surface data in a one-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model of the surface ocean 1. Method and preliminary results, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 111-138, 1996.
47. Quine, W.: On empirically equivalent systems of the world, Erken-ntnis, 9, 313-328, 1975.
48. Schartau, M., Oschlies, A., and Willebrand, J.: Parameter estimates of a zero-dimensional ecosystem model applying the adjoint method, Deep Sea Res. Pt II, 48, 1769-1800, 2001. (Pubitemid 32434575)
49. Sieracki, M., Verity, P., and Stoecker, D.: Plankton community response to sequential silicate and nitrate depletion during the 1989 North Atlantic spring bloom, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 213-225, 1993. (Pubitemid 23400289)
50. Sieracki, C., Sieracki, M., and Yentsch, C.: An imaging-in-flow system for automated analysis of marine microplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 168, 285-296, 1998. (Pubitemid 28358605)
51. Smetacek, V.: Role of sinking in diatom life-history cycles: ecological, evolutionary and geological significance, Mar. Biol., 84, 239-251, 1985.
52. Spitz, Y., Moisan, J., Abbott, M., and Richman, J.: Data assimilation and a pelagic ecosystem model: parameterization using time series observations, J. Mar. Syst., 16, 51-68, 1998. (Pubitemid 28407984)
53. Sverdrup, H.: On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplank-ton, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 18, 287-295, 1953.
54. 2 flux over the global oceans, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 554-577, 2009.
55. Thacker, W.: The role of the Hessian matrix in fitting models to measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6177-6196, 1989.
56. Waniek, J.: The role of physical forcing in initiation of spring blooms in the northeast Atlantic, J. Mar. Syst., 39, 57-82, 2003. (Pubitemid 36186116)
57. Wanninkhof, R.: Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7382, 1992.
58. Ward, B.A., Friedrichs, M.A.M., Anderson, T.R.A., and Oschlies, A.: Parameter optimisation techniques and the problem of under-determination in marine biogeochemical models, J. Mar. Syst., 81, 34-43, 2010.
59. Washburn, L., Emery, B., Jones, B., and Ondercin, D.: Eddy stirring and phytoplankton patchiness in the subarctic North Atlantic in late summer, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 45, 1411-1439, 1998. (Pubitemid 28490444)
60. Woolf, D. and Thorpe, S.: Bubbles and the air-sea exchange of gases in near-saturation conditions, J. Mar. Res., 49, 435-466, 1991.