Association between CHADS2 risk factors and anticoagulation- related bleeding: A systematic literature review

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 509-521

  Chen, Wendy T ^a,b   White, C Michael ^a,b   Phung, Olivia J ^d   Kluger, Jeffrey ^b,c   Ashaye, Ajibade O ^a,b   Sobieraj, Diana M ^a,b   Makanji, Sagar ^a,b   Tongbram, Vanita ^a,b   Baker, William L ^a   Coleman, Craig I ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b HARTFORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

WARFARIN; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT;

ADVANCED AGE; AGE; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BRAIN EMBOLISM; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART VENTRICLE FAILURE; HEART VENTRICLE THROMBOSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTRACARDIAC THROMBOSIS; LUNG EMBOLISM; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; STROKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE; AGING; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHRONIC DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OBSERVER VARIATION; REVIEW;

AGING; ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; HEART FAILURE; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; OBSERVER VARIATION; RISK FACTORS; STROKE; WARFARIN;

EID: 79957680035     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0755     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001;285(18):2370-2375. (Pubitemid 32424106)
2. Atrial Fibrillations Investigations. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(13):1449-1457.
3. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I, Clinical features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116(1):1-5.
4. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomized clinical trial. Lancet. 1996;348(9028):633-638.
5. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification scheme for predicting stroke: results from National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285(22):2864-2870.
6. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Lancet. 1993;342(8882):1255-1262.
7. Baker WL, Cios DA, Sander SD, Coleman CI. Meta-analysis to assess the quality of warfarin control in atrial fibrillation patients in the United States. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(3):244-252.
8. Bungard TJ, Ghali WA, Teo KK, McAlister FA, Tsuyuki RT. Why do patients with atrial fibrillation not receive warfarin? Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(1):41-46.
9. Monette J, Gurwitz JH, Rochon PA, Avorn J. Physician attitudes concerning warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: results of a survey of long-term care practitioners. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(9):1060-1065. (Pubitemid 27377551)
10. McCormick D, Gurwitz JH, Goldberg RJ. Prevalence and quality of warfarin use for patients with atrial fibrillation in the long-term care setting. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(20):2458-2463. (Pubitemid 33043119)
11. Coumadin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2009. http://packageinserts.bms.com/pi/pi-coumadin.pdf.
12. Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, et al. Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20(3, suppl):21-35. (Pubitemid 33732964)
13. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Brozek J, et al; GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. BMJ. 2008;336(7653):1106-1110.
14. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(4):409-416.
15. Abdelhafiz AH, Wheeldon NM. Risk factors for bleeding during anticoagulation of atrial fibrillation in older and younger patients in clinical practice. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2008;6(1):1-11. (Pubitemid 351722955)
16. Berwaerts J, Webster J. Analysis of risk factors involved in oral-anticoagulant-related intracranial haemorrhages. QJM. 2000;93(8):513-521. (Pubitemid 30623787)
17. Fang MC, Chang Y, Hylek EM, et al. Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(10):745-752.
18. Gasse C, Hollowell J, Meier CR, Haefeli WE. Drug interactions and risk of acute bleeding leading to hospitalisation or death in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94(3):537-543. (Pubitemid 41300849)
19. Hylek EM, Singer DE. Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120(11):897-902. (Pubitemid 24179151)
20. Landefeld CS, Goldman L. Major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: incidence and prediction by factors known at the start of outpatient therapy. Am J Med. 1989;87(2):144-152. (Pubitemid 19201634)
21. Manzano-Fernández S, Marin F, Pastor-Perez FJ, et al. Impact of chronic kidney disease on major bleeding complications and mortality in patients with indication for oral anticoagulation undergoing coronary stenting. Chest. 2009;135(4):983-990.
22. Petitti DB, Strom BL, Melmon KL. Prothrombin time ratio and other factors associated with bleeding in patients treated with warfarin. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(8):759-764. (Pubitemid 19213122)
23. 2 score. Thromb Res. 2007;121(3):347-352.
24. Sam C, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr, et al. Warfarin and aspirin use and the predictors of major bleeding complications in atrial fibrillation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(7):947-951. (Pubitemid 39349566)
25. Schauer DP, Moomaw CJ, Wess M, Webb T, Eckman MH. Psychosocial risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(12):1114-1119. (Pubitemid 43110261)
26. Wandell PE. Anticoagulant treatment of patients in Swedish primary health care: safety aspects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;57(1):61-64. (Pubitemid 32391415)
27. Berlowitz DR, Miller DR, Oliveria SA, Cunningham F, Gomez-Caminero A, Rothendler JA. Differential associations of beta-blockers with hemorrhagic events for chronic heart failure patients on warfarin. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15(11):799-807. (Pubitemid 44762711)
28. Cortelazzo S, Finazzi G, Viero P, et al. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prosthesis attending an anticoagulation clinic. Thromb Haemost. 1993;69(4):316-320. (Pubitemid 23103115)
29. Fihn SD, McDonell M, Martin D, et al; Warfarin Optimized Outpatient Follow-up Study Group. Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation: a multicenter study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(7):511-520.
30. Gitter MJ, Jaeger TM, Petterson TM, Gersh BJ, Silverstein MD. Bleeding and thromboembolism during anticoagulant therapy: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995;70(8):725-733.
31. Lind M, Boman K, Johansson L, et al. Thrombomodulin as a marker for bleeding complications during warfarin treatment. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(13):1210-1215.
32. McMahan DA, Smith DM, Carey MA, Zhou XH. Risk of major hemorrhage for outpatients treated with warfarin. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(5):311-316. (Pubitemid 28242293)
33. Poli D, Antonucci E, Grifoni E, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Prisco D. Bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients older than 80 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(11):999-1002.
34. Suzuki S, Yamashita T, Kato T, et al. Incidence of major bleeding complication of warfarin therapy in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ J. 2007;71(5):761-765. (Pubitemid 46683370)
35. Wallvik J, Själander A, Johansson L, Bjuhr O, Jansson JH. Bleeding complications during warfarin treatment in primary healthcare centres compared with anticoagulation clinics. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2007;25(2):123-128. (Pubitemid 46752224)
36. Shireman TI, Mahnken JD, Howard PA, Kresowik TF, Hou Q, Ellerbeck EF. Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients. Chest. 2006;130(5):1390-1396. (Pubitemid 44786731)
37. Bini EJ, Rajapaksa RC, Weinshel EH. Positive predictive value of fecal occult blood testing in persons taking warfarin. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(7):1586-1592. (Pubitemid 41032368)
38. Diener HC; Executive Steering Committee of the SPORTIF III and V Investigators. Stroke prevention using the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: pooled analysis from the SPORTIF III and V studies. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;21(4):279-293.
39. Douketis JD, Arneklev K, Goldhaber SZ, Spandorfer J, Halperin F, Horrow J. Comparison of bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with ximelagatran or warfarin: assessment of incidence, case-fatality rate, time course and sites of bleeding, and risk factors for bleeding. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(8):853-859.
40. Fang MC, Go AS, Hylek EM, et al. Age and the risk of warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(8):1231-1236. (Pubitemid 44166528)
41. Fihn SD, Callahan CM, Martin DC, McDonell MB, Henikoff JG, White RH; National Consortium of Anticoagulation Clinics. The risk for and severity of bleeding complications in elderly patients treated with warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(11):970-979.
42. Goudie BM, Donnan PT, Fairfield G, Al-Agilly SS, Cachia PG. Dependency rather than old age increases the risk of warfarin-related bleeding. Br J Gen Pract. 2004;54(506):690-692. (Pubitemid 39232526)
43. Gulløv AL, Koefoed BG, Petersen P. Bleeding during warfarin and aspirin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the AFASAK 2 study. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(12):1322-1328. (Pubitemid 29293594)
44. Gurwitz JH, Goldberg RJ, Holden A, Knapic N, Ansell J. Age-related risks of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148(8):1733-1736.
45. Isaacs C, Paltiel O, Blake G, Beaudet M, Conochie L, Leclerc J. Age-associated risks of prophylactic anticoagulation in the setting of hip fracture. Am J Med. 1994;96(6):487-491. (Pubitemid 24184431)
46. Kagansky N, Knobler H, Rimon E, Ozer Z, Levy S. Safety of anticoagulation therapy in well-informed older patients. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(18):2044- 2050. (Pubitemid 39390563)
47. Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Kovacs MJ, et al. Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(7):631-639. (Pubitemid 36975995)
48. Lindh JD, Holm L, Dahl ML, Alfredsson L, Rane A. Incidence and predictors of severe bleeding during warfarin treatment. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008;25(2):151-159. (Pubitemid 351583663)
49. Metlay JP, Hennessy S, Localio AR, et al. Patient reported receipt of medication instructions for warfarin is associated with reduced risk of serious bleeding events. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1589-1594.
50. Ogendo SW. Warfarin-related bleeding following open heart surgery in Nairobi. East Afr Med J. 2001;78(3):139-143. (Pubitemid 33392762)
51. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA, Hunt BJ, Escudero A, Cuadrado MJ, Hughes GR. Bleeding and recurrent thrombosis in definite antiphospholipid syndrome: analysis of a series of 66 patients treated with oral anticoagulation to a target international normalized ratio of 3.5. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(10):1164-1169. (Pubitemid 34522405)
52. Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, Ingaszewski A, Kerr C. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(9):1237-1247. (Pubitemid 47339121)
53. Shireman TI, Howard PA, Kresowik TF, Ellerbeck EF. Combined anticoagulant-antiplatelet use and major bleeding events in elderly atrial fibrillation patients. Stroke. 2004;35(10):2362-2367. (Pubitemid 39311264)
54. Wallerstedt SM, Gleerup H, Sundstrom A, Stigendal L, Ny L. Risk of clinically relevant bleeding in warfarin-treated patients - influence of SSRI treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(5):412-416.
55. White RH, Beyth RJ, Zhou H, Romano PS. Major bleeding after hospitalization for deep-venous thrombosis. Am J Med. 1999;107(5):414-424. (Pubitemid 29528329)
56. Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane D. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score [published online ahead of print November 24, 2010]. J Am Coll Cardiol. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.024.
57. Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:857-867. (Pubitemid 351650486)
58. Singer DE, Chang Y, Fang MC, et al. The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:297-305.