Effects of a phosphorus amendment and the pH of water used for watering on the mobility and phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in highly contaminated kitchen garden soils

Ecological Engineering

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1081-1093

  Waterlot, Christophe ^a   Pruvot, Christelle ^a   Ciesielski, Henri ^b   Douay, Francis ^a  

^a Mines Douai   (France)

^b CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Cadmium; Highly contaminated soils; Immobilisation; Lead; Mobility; Phosphate; Phytoavailability; Ryegrass; Zinc

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CADMIUM; CARRIER MOBILITY; CONTAMINATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; KITCHENS; LEAD; LEAD COMPOUNDS; MIXTURES; PH EFFECTS; PHOSPHATES; PHOSPHORUS; SOILS; ZINC;

AGRICULTURAL TOPSOILS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; IMMOBILISATION; METALLIC CONTAMINATION; PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION; RYEGRASS;

SOIL POLLUTION;

ACETIC ACID; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; BIOMASS; CADMIUM; CROPPING PRACTICE; GRASS; IMMOBILIZATION; LEAD; MOBILITY; PH; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SHOOT; SMELTING; SOIL AMENDMENT; SOIL POLLUTION; TOPSOIL; WATER USE; ZINC;

FRANCE;

LOLIUM; LOLIUM PERENNE; XANTHORRHOEA;

EID: 79957677460     PISSN: 09258574     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.09.001     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. Abasse G., Oudane B., Fisher J.C. Determination of total and labile fraction of metals in seawater using solid phase extraction and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 2002, 17:1354-1358.
2. Adriano D.C., Wenzel W.W., Vangronsveld J., Bolan N.S. Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup. Geoderma. 2004, 122:121-142.
3. Ahumada I., Escudero P., Ascar L., Mendoza J., Richter P. Extractability of arsenic, copper, and lead in soils of a mining and agricultural zone in central Chile. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2004, 35:1615-1634.
4. Alpaslan B., Yukselen M.A. Remediation of lead contaminated soils by stabilization/solidification. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 133:253-263.
5. Banat K.M., Howari F.M., Al Hamad A.A. Heavy metals in urban soils of central Jordan: should we worry about their environmental risks?. Environ. Res. 2005, 97:258-273.
6. Basta N.T., Gradwohl R., Snethen K.L., Schroder J.L. Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. J. Environ. Qual. 2001, 30:1222-1230.
7. Basta N.T., McGowen S.L. Evaluation of chemical immobilization treatments for reducing heavy metal transport in a smelter-contaminated soil. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 127:73-82.
8. Basta N.T., McGowen S.L., Gradwohl R. Remediation of smelter-contaminated soils by chemical immobilization. Mining, Forest, & Land Restoration Symposium/Workshop 2000, 4 pp.
9. Bidar G., Pruvot C., Garcon G., Verdin A., Shirali P., Douay F. Seasonal and annual variations of metal uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne growing in a heavy metal-contaminated field. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16:42-53.
10. Bolan N.S., Adriano D.C., Mani P.A., Duraisamy A. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. II. Effect of lime addition. Plant Soil. 2003, 251:187-198.
11. Bolan N.S., Adriano D.C., Naidu R. Role of phosphorus in (im)mobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil-plant system. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 177:1-44.
12. Brallier S., Harrison R.B., Henry C.L., Dongsen X. Liming effects on availability of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in a soil amended with sewage sludge 16 years previously. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1996, 86:195-206.
13. Brown S., Chaney R., Hallfrisch J., Ryan J.A., Berti W.R. In situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33:522-531.
14. Brown S., Christensen B., Lombi E., McLaughlin M., McGrath S., Colpaert J., Vangronsveld J. An inter-laboratory study to test the ability of amendments to reduce the availability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in situ. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 138:34-45.
15. Brown S.L., Chaney R., Berti B. Field test of amendments to reduce the in situ availability of soil lead. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Vienna, Austria, July 11-15, 1999 1999, 506-507. International Society for Trace Element Research, Vienna, Austria. W.W. Wenzel (Ed.).
16. Brown S.L., Henry C.L., Chaney R.L., Compton H., De Volder P. Using municipal biosolids in combination with other residuals to restore metal-contaminated mining areas. Plant Soil 2003, 249:203-215.
17. Buerge-Weirich D., Hari R., Xue H., Behra P., Sigg L. Adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Ni on goethite in the presence of natural groundwater ligands. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:328-336.
18. Cao R.X., Ma L.Q., Chen M., Singh S.P., Harris W.G. Phosphate-induced metal imobilization in a site contaminated site. Environ. Pollut. 2003, 122:19-28.
19. Cao X., Dermatas D., Xu X., Shen G. Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2008, 15:120-127.
20. Cao X., Ma L.Q., Singh S.P., Chen M., Harris W.G., Kizza P. Field Demonstration of Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils Using Phosphate Amendments 2003, Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 97 pp.
21. Cao X.D., Ma L.Q., Rhue D.R., Appel C.S. Mechanisms of lead, copper, and zinc retention by phosphate rock. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 131:435-444.
22. Castaldi P., Santona L., Melis P. Heavy metal immobilization by chemical amendments in a polluted soil and influence on white lupin growth. Chemosphere 2005.
23. Chen S.B., Xu M.G., Ma Y.B., Yang J.C. Evaluation of different phosphate amendments on availability of metals in contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2007, 67:278-285.
24. Chen X., Wright J.V., Conca J.L., Peurrung L.M. Evaluation of heavy metal remediation using mineral apatite. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1997, 98:57-78.
25. Cheung C.W., Chan C.K., Porter J.F., McKay G. Combined diffusion model for the sorption of cadmium, copper, and zinc ions onto bone char. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35:1511-1522.
26. Chlopecka A., Adriano D.C. Influence of zeolite, apatite and Fe-oxide on Cd and Pb uptake by crops. Sci. Total Environ. 1997, 207:195-206.
27. Chon H.-T., Ahn J.-S., Jung M.C. Seasonal variations and chemical forms of heavy metals in soils and dusts from the satellite cities of Seoul, Korea. Environ. Geochem. Health 1998, 20:77-86.
28. Codling E.E. Long-term effects of lime, phosphorus, and iron amendments on water-extractable arsenic, lead, and bioaccessible lead from contaminated orchard soils. Soil Sci. 2007, 172:811-819.
29. Correa J.C., Bull L.T., Paganin W.D., Guerrini I.A. Heavy metal exchangeable in an oxisol with surface application of flue dust, aqueous lime, sewage sludge and limestone. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2008, 43:411-419.
30. Cotter-Howells J. Lead phosphate formation in soils. Environ. Pollut. 1996, 93:9-16.
31. Cotter-Howells J.D., Caporn S. Remediation of contaminated land by formation of heavy metal phosphates. Appl. Geochem. J. Int. 1996, 11:335-342.
32. Douay F., Pruvot C., Roussel H., Ciesielski H., Fourrier H., Proix N., Waterlot C. Contamination of urban soils in an area of Northern France polluted by dust emissions of two smelters. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2008, 188:247-260.
33. Douay F., Pruvot C., Waterlot C., Fritsch C., Fourrier H., Loriette A., Bidar G., Grand C., de Vaufleury A., Scheifler R. Contamination of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter in the North of France. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407:5564-5577.
34. Douay F., Roussel H., Fourrier H., Heyman C., Chateau G. Investigation of heavy metal concentrations on urban soils, dust and vegetables nearby a former smelter site in Mortagne du Nord, Northern France. J. Soils Sediments 2007, 7:143-146.
35. Douay F., Roussel H., Pruvot C., Loriette A., Fourrier H. Assessment of a remediation technique using the replacement of contaminated soils in kitchen gardens nearby a former lead smelter in Northern France. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 401:29-38.
36. Eighmy T.T., Crannell B.S., Butler L.G., Cartledge F.K., Emery E.F., Oblas D., Krzanowski J.E., Eusden J.D., Shaw E.L., Francis C.A. Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion dry scrubber residue using soluble phosphate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 37:3330-3338.
37. Farfel M.R., Orlova A.O., Chaney R.L., Lees P.S.J., Rohde C., Ashley P.J. Biosolids compost amendment for reducing soil lead hazards: a pilot study of Orgro(R) amendment and grass seeding in urban yards. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 340:81-95.
38. François, M., 2004. Prédiction de la mobilité du cadmium, du plomb et du zinc dans des sols contaminés par des usines métallurgiques. Influence des paramètres physico-chimiques. Thèse de l'Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, p. 203.
39. García M.A., Chimenos J.M., Fernández A.I., Miralles L., Segarra M., Espiell F. Low-grade MgO used to stabilize heavy metals in highly contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2004, 56:481-491.
40. Gee G.W., Bauder J.W. Particle-size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1 1986, 383-411. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of Agronomy, Madison. 2nd ed. A. Klute (Ed.).
41. Geebelen W., Adriano D.C., van der Lelie D., Mench M., Carleer R., Clijsters H., Vangronsveld J. Selected bioavailability assays to test the efficacy of amendment-induced immobilization of lead in soils. Plant Soil 2003, 249:217-228.
42. Geebelen W., Vangronsveld J., Adriano D.C., Carleer R., Clijsters H. Amendment-induced immobilization of lead in a lead-spiked soil: evidence from phytotoxicity studies. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 140:261-277.
43. Geibe C.E., Holmstrom S.J.M., Van Hees P.A.W., Lundstrom U.S. Impact of lime and ash applications on soil solution chemistry of an acidified podzolic soil. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2003, 3:77-96.
44. Gupta A.K., Dwivedi S., Sinha S., Tripathi R.D., Rai U.N., Singh S.N. Metal accumulation and growth performance of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in fly ash amended soil. Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 98:3404-3407.
45. Gupta S.K., Vollmer M.K., Krrebs R. The importance of mobile, mobilisable and pseudo total heavy metal fractions in soil for three-level risk assessment and risk management. Sci. Total Environ. 1996, 178:11-20.
46. Hajdu A., Licsko I. Environmental pollution caused by a non-ferrous metal smelter. Water Sci. Technol. 1999, 39:165-168.
47. Hamon R.E., McLaughlin M.J., Cozens G. Mechanisms of attenuation of metal availability in in situ remediation treatments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:3991-3996.
48. Hettiarachchi G.M., Pierzynski G.M. In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus and manganese oxide: influence of plant growth. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31:564-572.
49. Hodson M.E., Valsami-Jones E., Cotter-Howells J.D. Bonemeal additions as a remediation treatment for metal contaminated soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34:3501-3507.
50. Joret G., Hébert J. Contribution à la détermination du besoin des sols en acide phosphorique. Ann. Agron. 1955, 2:233-299.
51. Kabala C., Singh B.R. Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a copper smelter. J. Environ. Qual. 2001, 30:485-492.
52. Kinniburgh D.G., Milne C.J., Benedetti M.F., Pinheiro J.P., Filius J., Koopal L.K., Van Riemsdijk W.H. Metal ion binding by humic acid: application of the NICA-Donnan model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30:1687-1698.
53. Koopmans G.F. Characterization, Desorption, and Mining of Phosphorus in Noncalcareous Sandy Soils 2004, Wageningen Universiteit, 176 pp.
54. Kos B., Lestan D. Induced phytoextraction/soil washing of lead using biodegradable chelate and permeable barriers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37:624-629.
55. Kosobucki P., Kruk M., Buszewski B. Immobilization of selected heavy metals in sewage sludge by natural zeolites. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99:5972-5976.
56. Kostal J., Prabhukumar G., Lao U.L., Chen A., Matsumoto M., Mulchandani A., Chen W. Customizable biopolymers for heavy metal remediation. J. Nanopart. Res. 2005, 7:517-523.
57. Lambkin D.C., Alloway B.J. The problem of arsenic interference in the analysis of soils for cadmium by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 256:77-81.
58. Lanphear B.P., Succop P., Roda S., Henningsen G. The effect of soil abatement on blood lead levels in children living near a former smelting and milling operation. Public Health Rep. 2003, 118:83-91.
59. Laperche V., Traina S.J., Gaddam P., Logan T.J. Chemical and mineralogical characterizations of Pb in a contaminated soil: reactions with synthetic apatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30:3321-3326.
60. Lee J.H., Doolittle J.J. Phosphate application impacts on cadmium sorption in acidic and calcareous soils. Soil Sci. 2002, 167:390-399.
61. Lee Y.B., Ha H.S., Lee C.H., Kim P.J. Coal fly ash and phospho-gypsum mixture as an amendment to improve rice paddy soil fertility. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2008, 39:1041-1055.
62. Lefevre P. Contribution à l'Etude de la Capacité d'Echange et des Bases Echangeables des Sols Non Calcaires. I- Capacité d'Echange. Discussion et Choix des Méthodes. Ann. Agron. 1961, 12:169-206.
63. Lestan D., Luo C.L., Li X.D. The use of chelating agents in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils: a review. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 153:3-13.
64. Linde M., Oborn I., Gustafsson J.P. Effects of changed soil conditions on the mobility of trace metals in moderately contaminated urban soils. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2007, 183:69-83.
65. Lindim C., De Varennes A., Torres M.O., Mota A.M. Remediation of sandy soil artificially contaminated with cadmium using a polyacrylate polymer. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2001, 32:1567-1574.
66. Lu Y., Zhu F., Chen J., Gan H.H., Guo Y.B. Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in urban soils of Guangzhou, China. Environ. Monit. Assess 2007, 134:429-439.
67. Ma L.Q., Choate A.L., Rao G.N. Effects of incubation and phosphate rock on lead extractability and speciation in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1997, 26:801-807.
68. Ma L.Q., Rao G.N. Effects of phosphate rock on sequential chemical extraction of lead in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1997, 26:788-794.
69. Ma L.Q., Rao G.N. Aqueous Pb reduction in Pb-contaminated soils by Florida phosphate rocks. Water Soil Air Pollut. 1999, 110:1-16.
70. Ma Q.Y., Logan T.J., Traina S.J. Lead immobilization from aqueous solutions and contaminated soils using phosphate rocks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29:1118-1126.
71. 2+ immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28:408-418.
72. Ma Q.Y., Traina S.J., Logan T.J., Ryan J.A. Effects of aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, and Zn on Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28:1219-1228.
73. Ma Q.Y., Traina S.J., Logan T.L., Ryan J.A. In situ lead immobilization by apatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27:1803-1810.
74. Madejon P., Murillo J.M., Maranon T., Cabrera F., Soriano M.A. Trace element and nutrient accumulation in sunflower plants two years after the Aznalcollar mine spill. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 307:239-257.
75. Madrid F., Diaz Barrientos E., Madrid L. Availability and bio-accessibility of metals in the clay fraction of urban soils of Sevilla. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 156:605-610.
76. Madrid F., Reinoso R., Florido M.C., Barrientos E.D., AjmoneMarsan F., Davidson C.M., Madrid L. Estimating the extractability of potentially toxic metals in urban soils: a comparison of several extracting solutions. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 147:713-722.
77. Mahabadi A.A., Hajabbasi M.A., Khademi H., Kazemian H. Soil cadmium stabilization using an Iranian natural zeolite. Geoderma 2007, 137:388-393.
78. Makino T., Kamiya T., Takano H., Itou T., Sekiya N., Sasaki K., Maejima Y. Remediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soils by washing with calcium chloride: verification of on-site washing. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 147:112-119.
79. Mavropoulos E., Rossi A.M., Costa A.M., Perez C.A.C., Moreira J.C., Saldanha M. Studies on the mechanisms of lead immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:1625-1629.
80. McBride M., Sauvé S., Hendershot W. Solubility control of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1997, 48:337-346.
81. McBride M.B., Blasiak J.J. Zinc and copper solubility as a function of pH in an Acid Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1979, 43:866-870.
82. McBride M.B., Nibarger E.A., Richards B.K., Steenhuis T. Trace metal accumulation by red clover grown on sewage sludge-amended soils and correlation to mehlich 3 and calcium chloride-extractable metals. Soil Sci. 2003, 168:29-38.
83. McGowen S.L., Basta N.T., Brown G.O. Use of diammonium phosphate to reduce heavy metal solubility and transport in smelter-contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 2001, 30:493-500.
84. McLean J.E., Bledsoe B.E. Behavior of metals in soils. Ground Water Issue 1992, 25 pp.
85. Meers E., Unamuno V., Vandegehuchte M., Vanbroekhoven K., Geebelen W., Samson R., Vangronsveld J., Diels L., Ruttens A., Du Laing G., Tack F. Soil-solution speciation of Cd as affected by soil characteristics in unpolluted and polluted soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2005, 24:499-509.
86. Meers E., Unamuno V., Du Laing G., Vangronsveld J., Vanbroekhoven K., Geebelen W., Samson R., Diels L., Geebelen W., Ruttens A., Vandegehuchte M., Tack F.M.G. Zn in the soil solution of unpolluted and polluted soils as affected by soil characteristics. Geoderma 2006, 136:107-119.
87. Meers E., Du Laing G., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G. Heavy metal displacement by exchangeable bases (Cs, Mg, K, Na) in soils and sediments. Soil Sci. 2009, 174:202-209.
88. Melamed R., Cao X., Chen M., Ma L.Q. Field assessment of lead immobilization in a contaminated soil after phosphate application. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 305:117-127.
89. Mench M., Vangronsveld J., Clijsters H., Lepp N.W., Edwards R. In situ metal immobilization and phytostabilization of contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils and Water 1999, 323-362. CRC Press, Boca Raton. N. Terry, G. Banuelos, J. Vangronsveld (Eds.).
90. Menzies N.W., Donn M.J., Kopittke P.M. Evaluation of extractants for estimation of the phytoavailable trace metals in soils. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 145:121-130.
91. Miretzky P., Fernandez Cirelli A. Phosphates for Pb immobilization in soils: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2008, 6:121-133.
92. Morgan J.N. Effects of processing of heavy metal content of foods. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1999, 459:195-211.
93. Morin G., Ostergren J.D., Juillot F., Ildefonse P., Calas G., Brown G.E.J. XAFS determination of the chemical form of lead in smelter-contamined soils and mine tailing: importance of adsorption processes. Am. Miner. 1999, 84:420-434.
94. Murillo J.M., Marañón T., Cabrera F., López R. Accumulation of heavy metals in sunflower and sorghum plants affected by the Guadiamar spill. Sci. Total Environ. 1999, 242:281-292.
95. Nelson D.W., Sommers L.E. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis 1982, 574-577. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (Eds.).
96. Nielsen J.B., Kristiansen J. Remediation of soil from lead-contaminated kindergartens reduces the amount of lead adhering to children's hands. J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2005, 15:282-288.
97. Novozamsky I., Lexmond T.M., Houba V.J.G. A single extraction procedure of soil for evaluation of uptake of some heavy metals by plants. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1993, 51:47.
98. O'Dell R., Silk W., Green P., Claassen V. Compost amendment of Cu-Zn minespoil reduces toxic bioavailable heavy metal concentrations and promotes establishment and biomass production of Bromus carinatus (Hook and Arn.). Environ. Pollut. 2007, 148:115-124.
99. Oppermann U., Schram J., Felkel D. Improved background comensation in atomic absorption spectrometry using the high speed reversal method. Spectrochim. Acta Part B 2003, 58:1567-1572.
100. Oste L.A., Lexmond T.M., Van Riemsdijk W.H. Metal immobilization in soils using synthetic zeolites. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31:813-821.
101. Perez de Mora A., Madrid F., Cabrera F., Madejon E. Amendments and plant cover influence on trace element pools in a contaminated soil. Geoderma 2007, 139:1-10.
102. Pichtel J., Bradway D.J. Conventional crops and organic amendments for Pb, Cd and Zn treatment at a severely contaminated site. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99:1242-1251.
103. Pierzynski G.M., Schwab A.P. Heavy metals in the environment: bioavailability of zinc, cadmium, and lead in a metal contaminated alluvial soil. J. Environ. Qual. 1993, 22:247-254.
104. Pinto C.A., Sansalone J.J., Cartledge F.K., Dweck J., Diaz F.R.V., Buchler P.M. Cement stabilization of runoff residuals: a study of stabilization/solidification of urban rainfall-runoff residuals in type 1 Portland cement by XRD and Si-29 NMR analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2008, 188:261-270.
105. Ponizovskii A.A., Dimoyanis D.D., Tsadilas K.D. The use of zeolite for the detoxification of lead-contaminated soils. Eur. Soil Sci. 2003, 36:439-443.
106. Pueyo M., Rauret G., Bacon J.R., Gomez A., Muntau H., Quevauviller P., Lopez-Sanchez J.F. A new organic-rich soil reference material certified for its EDTA- and acetic acid-extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, following collaboratively tested and harmonised procedures. J. Environ. Monit. 2001, 3:238-242.
107. Pueyo M., Sastre J., Hernandez E., Vidal M., Lopez-Sanchez J.F., Rauret G. Prediction of trace element mobility in contaminated soils by sequential extraction. J. Environ. Qual. 2003, 32:2054-2066.
108. Rauret G., Lôpez-Sanchez J.F., Sahuquillo A., Rubio R., Davidson C., Ure A., Quevauviller P. Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials. J. Environ. Monit. 1999, 1:57-61.
109. Reddy K.R., Chinthamreddy S. Comparison of extractants for removing heavy metals from contaminated clayey soils. Soil Sediment Contam. 2000, 9:449-462.
110. Renoux A.Y., Rocheleau S., Sarrazin M., Sunahara G.I., Blais J.F. Assessment of a sewage sludge treatment on cadmium, copper and zinc bioavailability in barley, ryegrass and earthworms. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 145:41-50.
111. Rieuwerts J.S., Thornton I., Farago M.E., Ashmore M.R. Factors influencing metal bioavailability in soils: preliminary investigations for the development of a critical loads approach for metals. Chem. Spec. Bioavailab. 1998, 10(2):61-75.
112. Ruby M.V., Davis A., Nicholson A. In situ formation of lead phosphates in soils as a method to immobilize lead. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28:646-654.
113. Santos A., Alonso E., Callejón M., Jiménez J.C. Distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu metals in groundwater of the Guadiamar River Basin. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 134:275-286.
114. Shaskova I., Rat' Ko A., Kitikova N. Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by alkaline-earth metal phosphates. Colloids Surf. A. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 1999, 160:207-215.
115. Shibata M., Konno T., Akaike R., Xu Y., Shen R.F., Ma J.F. Phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil with polymer-coated EDTA. Plant Soil 2007, 290:201-208.
116. Shih C.J., Lin C.F. Arsenic contaminated site at an abandoned copper smelter plant: waste characterization and solidification/stabilization treatment. Chemosphere 2003, 53:691-703.
117. Singh A., Sharma R.K., Agrawal S.B. Effects of fly ash incorporation on heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield responses of Beta vulgaris plants. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99:7200-7207.
118. Singh S.P., Ma L.Q., Harris W.G. Heavy metal interactions with phosphatic clay: sorption and desorption behavior. J. Environ. Qual. 2001, 30:1961-1968.
119. Sneddon I.R., Orueetxebarria M., Hodson M.E., Schofield P.F., Valsami-Jones E. Use of bone meal amendments to immobilise Pb, Zn and Cd in soil: a leaching column study. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 144:816-825.
120. Soares C.R.F.S., Siqueira J.O. Mycorrhiza and phosphate protection of tropical grass species against heavy metal toxicity in multi-contaminated soil. Biol. Fert. Soils 2008, 44:833-841.
121. Sterckeman T., Douay F., Proix N., Fourrier F., Perdrix E. Assessment of the contamination of cultivated soils by eighteen trace elements around smelters in the North of France. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 135:173-194.
122. Takeuchi Y., Arai H.J. Removal of coexisting Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions from water by addition of hydroxyapatite powder. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 1990, 23:75-80.
123. Tandy S., Bossart K., Mueller R., Ritschel J., Hauser L., Schulin R., Nowack B. Extraction of heavy metals from soils using biodegradable chelating agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:937-944.
124. Tang X.Y., Zhu Y.G., Chen S.B., Tang L.L., Chen X.P. Assessment of the effectiveness of different phosphorus fertilizers to remediate Pb-contaminated soil using in vitro test. Environ. Int. 2004, 30:531-537.
125. Thums C.R., Farago M.E., Thornton I. Bioavailability of trace metals in brownfield soils in an urban area in the UK. Environ. Geochem. Health 2008, 30:549-563.
126. Tripathi R.D., Vajpayee P., Singh N., Rai U.N., Kumar A., Ali M.B., Kumar B., Yunus M. Efficacy of various amendments for amelioration of fly-ash toxicity: growth performance and metal composition of Cassia siamea Lamk. Chemosphere 2004, 54:1581-1588.
127. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Recent Developments for In Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils 1997, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office, Washington D.C., 64 pp. (W.A.N. 011059).
128. Usman A.R.A., Kuzyakov Y., Lorenz K., Stahr K. Remediation of a soil contaminated with heavy metals by immobilizing compounds. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2006, 169:205-212.
129. Uzu G., Sobanska S., Aliouane Y., Pradere P., Dumat C. Study of lead phytoavailability for atmospheric industrial micronic and sub-micronic particles in relation with lead speciation. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157:1178-1185.
130. Van Herwijnen R., Hutchings T.R., Ai Tabbaa A., Moffat A.J., Johns M.L., Ouki S.K. Remediation of metal contaminated soil with mineral-amended composts. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 150:347-354.
131. Vangronsveld J., Colpaert J.V., van Tichelen K.K. Reclamation of a bare industrial area contaminated by non-ferrous metals: physico-chemical and biological evaluation of durability of soil treatment and revegetation. Environ. Pollut. 1996, 94(2):131-140.
132. Vangronsveld, J., Cunningham, S.D., 1998. Introduction to the Concepts. Metal-Contaminated Soils: In-Situ Inactivation and Phytorestoration, pp. 1-15.
133. Waterlot C., Bidar G., Douay F., Daurangeon F. Analysis of trace elements in solution, assessment of a background compensation technique on the As interference in the Cd analysis. Spectra Analyse 2008, 261:48-52.
134. Waterlot C., Douay F. The problem of arsenic interference in the analysis of Cd to evaluate its extractability in soils contaminated by arsenic. Talanta 2009, 80:716-722.
135. 2+ on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28:1472-1480.
136. Yang Y.G., Campbell C.D., Clark L., Cameron C.M., Paterson E. Microbial indicators of heavy metal contamination in urban and rural soils. Chemosphere 2006, 63:1942-1952.
137. Yin C.-Y., Mahmud H.B., Shaaban M.G. Stabilization/solidification of lead-contaminated soil using cement and rice husk ash. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 137:1758-1764.
138. Zhang P., Ryan J.A., Yang J. In vitro soil Pb solubility in the presence of hydroxyapatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32:2763-2768.
139. Zhu Y.-G., Chen S.-B., Yang J.-C. Effects of soil amendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui. China Environ. Int. 2004, 30:351-356.
140. Zou Z., Qiu R.L., Zhang W.H., Dong H.Y., Zhao Z.H., Zhang T., Wei M.G., Cai X.D. The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157:229-236.