Did gorbachev liberate Eastern Europe?

The Last Decade of the Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 336-354

  Mastny, Vojtech ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 79957655785     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203646205     Document Type: Chapter

References (35)

1. Anthony R.DeLuca, 'The Impact of Gorbachev's "New Thinking" on Eastern Europe', in Anthony R. DeLuca and Paul D.Quinlan (eds), Romania, Culture and Nationalism: A Tribute to Radu Florescu (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
2. See Raymond L.Garthoff, The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1994), pp. 571-2.
3. Andrzej Paczkowski (ed.), Polska 1986-1989: Koniec Systemu (Poland 1986-1989: The End of the System), vol. II (Warsaw: Trio, 2002), p. 304.
4. Vojtech Mastny, 'The Soviet Non-Invasion of Poland in 1980-1981 and the End of the Cold War', Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 51, no. 2 (1999):189-211.
5. Andrzej Paczkowski, Droga do 'mniejszego zła': Strategia i taktyka obozu włladzy, lipiec 1980-styczeń 1982 [The Road to the 'Lesser Evil': Strategy and Tactics of the Ruling Establishment, July 1980-January 1982] (Cracow: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2002).
6. Dale R.Herspring, Requiem for an Army: The Demise of the East German Military (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), pp. 28-9.
7. Daniel N.Nelson (ed.), Soviet Allies: The Warsaw Pact and the Issue of Reliability (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1984)
8. See also Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone et al. (eds), Warsaw Pact: The Question of Cohesion, 3 vols (Ottawa: Operational Research and Analysis Establishment, 1984-86).
9. Myron Rush, 'Fortune and Fate', National Interest, vol. 31 (1993):19-25, at p. 19.
10. Krzysztof Dubiński, Okrągly stól [The Round Table] (Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Promocyjna, 1999).
11. Quoted in Andrew A.Michta, Red Eagle: The Army in Polish Politics, 1944-1988 (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1990), p. 200.
12. Timothy Garton Ash, In Europe's Name: Germany and the Divided Continent (New York: Random House, 1993), pp. 312-42.
13. Ivan Volgyes, 'Hungary: Despondency of the Reformed', in Vojtech Mastny (ed.), Soviet-East European Survey, 1986-1987: Selected Research and Analysis from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988), pp. 242-7.
14. Stephen Ashley and G.S., 'Strains in Soviet-Bulgarian Relations', in Vojtech Mastny (ed.), Soviet/East European Survey, 1985-1986: Selected Research and Analysis from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987), pp. 74-7, at p. 75.
15. Notes of Zhivkov-Gorbachev conversation, 11 May 1987, 35/387-87, Central State Archives, Sofia (hereafter: TsDA), facsimile in 'Bulgaria in the Warsaw Pact', ed. Jordan Baev, Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact [PHP] website,
16. Ronald Asmus, East Berlin and Moscow: The Documentation of a Dispute (Munich: Radio Free Europe, 1985).
17. 'Stenografische Niederschrift des Treffens führender Repräsentanten der Staaten des Warschauer Vertrages', 11 December 1987, DC/20/I/3/2581, SAPMO.
18. 'Stenografische Niederschrift des Treffens führender Repräsentanten der Staaten des Warschauer Vertrages', 11 December 1987, DC/20/I/3/2581, SAPMO.
19. See Vojtech Mastny, 'Learning from the Enemy: NATO as a Model for the Warsaw Pact', in Gustav Schmidt (ed.), A History of NATO-The First Fifty Years, vol. II (New York: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 157-77 and 393-401.
20. 'Bericht über die 16. turnusmäßige Tagung des Komitees der Minister für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten der Teilnehmerstaaten des Warschauer Vertrages', 29-30 March 1988, DC/20/I/3/2460, SAPMO; facsimile in 'Records of the Committee of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs', ed. Anna Locher, PHPwebsite, .
21. Summary of remarks by Jakeš at the Prague meeting of the Warsaw Pact committee of the ministers of defence, 18 October 1988; facsimile in 'Records of the Committee of the Ministers of Defense', ed. Christian Nünlist, PHP website, .
22. Oldřich Tůma, '"Zijeme ve velmi složité době": Záznam rozhovoru E.Honeckera a V.Bil'aka 24.11.1998', ['We Are Living in Very Complicated Times': Record of the Honecker-Bil'ak Conversation on 24 November 1988], Soudobé dějiny [Prague], vol. 2, no. 2-3 (1995):361-73.
23. Memorandum of Zhivkov-Gorbachev conversation, 23 June 1989, 1b/35/133-89, TsDA; facsimile in Baev, 'Bulgaria in the Warsaw Pact', PHP website, .
24. Vladislav Zubok, 'New Evidence on the "Soviet Factor" in the Peaceful Revolutions of 1989', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, vols 12-13 (2001):5-23, at p. 8.
25. Heinz Kessler, Zur Sache und zur Person: Erinnerungen (Berlin: Edition Ost, 1996), p. 244.
26. Kessler, Zur Sache und zur Person, p. 239.
27. Theodor Hoffmann, Das letzte Kommando (Berlin: Mittler, 1993), pp. 19-20.
28. See William E.Odom, The Collapse of the Soviet Military (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 218-22.
29. Herspring, Requiem for an Army, p. 29.
30. Jeffrey Simon, NATO Enlargement and Central Europe: A Study in Civil-Military Relations (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1996), p. 197.
31. Speech by Adamec at extraordinary session of the party central committee, 24 November 1989, English translation of excerpt from stenographic transcript, National Security Archive website, .
32. The view that the countries of Eastern Europe had been set on the road to democratic socialism when they were diverted from it by the accidental breach of the Berlin Wall is Europe (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997).
33. András Bozóki (ed.), The Roundtable Talks of 1989: The Genesis of Hungarian Democracy (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2002).
34. Jordan Baev, '1989: Bulgarian Transition to Pluralist Democracy', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, vols 12-13 (2001):165-80.
35. The title of a book by Şerban Săndulescu cited in Mircea Munteanu, 'The Last Days of a Dictator', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, vols 12-13 (2001):217-25, at p. 217.