Dugin and the eurasian controversy: Is eurasianism "patriotic"?

Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 104-122

  Allensworth, Wayne ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 79957654604     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203879726     Document Type: Chapter

References (40)

1. www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/11/08650cc8-51a2-493c-b772-f163705cd201.html (Yasmann, 4 November 2005). The new holiday was established by a bill introduced in the Duma in 2004. The bill's sponsors were the Kremlin-backed United Russia and the nationalist Rodina and Liberal Democratic parties. The holiday replaces the Sovietera Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution.Estimates vary as to the number of marchers. The Radio Liberty article cited above, for instance, claimed that there were "at least 2,000" participants.
2. The DPNI has not limited itself to the single-issue message of curbing immigration from the former Soviet republics to Russia, as well as non-Russian migration within the Russian Federation. The DNPI is headed by Alexander Potkin, who uses the pseudonym "Belov." Potkin was once press secretary for the Pamyat National Patriotic Front and, according to the SOVA Center's Galina Kozhenikova, has become the most sought-after public speaker among the hard-line nationalists: http://xeno.sovacenter.ru/6BA2468/6BB4208/6E811ED?print=on25 February 2006 (accessed 15 June 2008).
3. www.mk.ru/numbers/1898/article64155.htm (Moshkin, 5 November 2005).
4. http://evrazia.org/modules.php?name-ews&file=article&sid=2735.evrazia.org is one of Dugin's websites (Yefrimov, 4 November 2005).
5. www.mk.ru/numbers/1898/article64155.htm (Moshkin, 5 November 2005).
6. www.apn.ru/opinions/article9480.htm (Tyurin, 7 November 2005).
7. www.apn.ru/publications/article1673.htm (Tyurin, 29 November 2005).
8. His father may have been a high-ranking officer in military intelligence, the GRU. See www.rferl.org/specials/russianelection/bio/dugin.asp (Yasmann, no date given); see also www.stringer-news.ru/Publication.mhtml?PubID=2019&Part=39 (Kaledin, 1 May 2003).
9. Leontiev was a founding member of Dugin's Eurasia movement. He was made a member of the movement's Political Council (RIA, 21 April 2000; sobor.ru, Nezavisimaia gazeta, 24 April 2000). The website polit.ru once called Dugin and Leontyev Putin's "mouthpieces": www.polit.ru/analytics/2004/12/29/ecomdan_print.html (29 December 2004).
10. A. D. Smith, The Ethnic Origins of Nations, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986, pp. 57-58.
11. Dugin has more frequently seen China as susceptible to Atlanticist influences and has favored, oddly enough, the island nation of Japan as a Russian ally. During Putin's presidency, Dugin became more ambivalent about China, sometimes seeing a possible Russian-Chinese alliance developing. For Dugin's more recent views on China, see Vedomosti, 31 July 2002; www.izvestia.ru/politic/article35641 (Dugin, 2 July 2003);
12. Viktor Yasmann, citing an article in Stringer (1 May 2003), has written that Dugin became interested in the European right when his father secured a job for him at one of the Russian intelligence agencies in the 1970s. According to this account, Dugin worked with classified files on theoreticians of Italian and German fascism. The papers had been seized by Soviet troops during and after World War II. Dugin also reportedly had access to files on the Russian émigré Eurasianists of the 1920s. It was at this time that he developed an interest in mysticism, paganism, and fascism. The Yasmann article is available at www.rferl.org/specials/russianelection/bio/dugin.asp (no date given).
13. Dugin took part in the presentation of a Russian translation of Parvulesko's book Putin and the Eurasian Empire in St. Petersburg on 27 March 2006, which confirms the continuing influence of the European geopolitical theorists on Dugin's ideology. See the report at www.pravaya.ru/news/7163 (27 March 2006). See also a Rosbalt news agency report of 27 March 2006.
14. See, for example, Den', 22, 1992.
15. See W. Laqueur's Russia and Germany: A Century of Conflict, Boston: Little, Brown, 1965 for more on the German-Russian relationship. Most of this section is based on chapter 8 of The Russian Question.
16. Laqueur examined the importance of The Protocols to Nazism in Russia and Germany, pp. 79-104.
17. See J. Herf's Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture, and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Dugin summarized the basic tenets of the conservative revolution in Elementy (1, 1992).
18. Herf, Reactionary Modernism, p. 16.
19. Ernst Junger was a proponent of such ideas. For a discussion of Junger, see Herf, Reactionary Modernismi, pp. 70-108.
20. For more on van den Bruck and Niekisch, see Elementy, 1, 1992, 51-54.
21. Excerpts from Mikhail were published in the newspaper of the National Bolshevik Party: Limonka, 31, 1996.
22. For more on the internal Nazi struggle between "left" and "right" factions and the conversion of Goebbels to Hitler's ideas on state and economy, see F. L. Carsten, The Rise of Fascism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967, pp. 124-129.
23. For more on the conflict between pro-Russian and anti-Russian factions in the Nazi movement, as well as Hitler's attitude toward Stalin, see Laqueur, Russia and Germany, pp. 126-159.
24. See especially the final installment of Dugin's The Great War of the Continents, in Den', 15, 1992, for his opinions on eschatology and the notion of the "cosmic drama." Dugin's hatred of the "system" has in the past led him to embrace radicals of all shades who are anti-"system," especially the French student radicals of the 1960s who mounted a violent assault on what radical ideologist Guy Debord called "the society of spectacle." For Dugin on "the society of spectacle" and his embrace of violent radicals from the 1960s, see Limonka, no. 14, 1995.
25. See, for example, comments by K. Mialo, T. Glushkova, V. Rasputin, and I. Shafarevich in their exchange with the Eurasianist V. Kozhinov, "What Condition Is the Russian Nation In?" Nash Sovremennik, 3, 1993.
26. Myalo ponders the absurdity of "Rossiia bez russkikh?" Moskva, 6, 1994.
27. See Geidar Dzhemal's article "Europe to Vladivostok, or Asia to Dublin?" Den', 38, 1992.
28. Dugin's views on "Eurasianism" as a form of Russian nationalism were set out in "Apologia natsionalizma," Den', 38, 1993.
29. "Nationalism: russkii ili rossiiskii?" Vremia novostei, 15 March 2006.
30. www.forum.msk.ru/material/politic/7368.html (Stroyev, 5 February 2006).
31. See www.nigru.ru/docs/class/509.html (Dugin, 8 February 2005) and www.opec.ru/comment_doc.asp?d_no=54467 (Dugin, 13 January 2005).
32. www.nigru.ru/docs/class/509.html (Dugin, 8 February 2005).
33. See especially Dugin's "Metaphysics of the Oprichnina": http://arcto.ru/modules.php?name-ews&file=article&sid=1252 (Dugin, 26 February 2005);
34. see also www.evrazia.org/modules.php?name-ews&file=article&sid=2266 (Dugin, 3 March 2005).
35. http://evrazia.org/modules.php?name-ews&file=article&sid=2397 (Dugin, 26 March 2005).
36. http://evrazia.org/modules.php?name-ews&file=article&sid=2314 (Dugin, 22 March 2005).
37. www.pravaya.ru/news/9526?print=1 (Dugin, 27 October, 2006). Early on in Medvedev's administration (June 2008), Dugin was happy about Medvedev's visit to Germany, saying it was a sign of the Kremlin's "Eurasian geopolitical orientation." See http://life.ru:80/news/16055/(Bakurina, 26 June 2008).
38. J. Lukacs, "The Patriotic Impulse," Chronicles, July 1992, 19.
39. See, for instance, www.frontpagemag.com/articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=4934 (Trifkovic, 5 December 2002).
40. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Walker_Lindh.