Time and the productivity of agronomic crops and cropping systems

Agronomy Journal

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 743-750

  Egli, Dennis B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957601692     PISSN: 00021962     EISSN: 14350645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2010.0508     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Akita, S. 1989. Improving yield potential in tropical rice. p. 41-73. In Progress in irrigated rice research. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
2. Alves, A.A.C. 2002. Cassava: Botany and physiology. p. 67-89. In R.J. Hillocks et al. (ed.) Casava: Biology, production and ultilzation. CABI Publ., Wallingford, UK.
3. Andrade, F.H., P. Caluino, A. Circlo, and P. Barbieri. 2002. Yield response to narrow rows depend on increased radiation interception. Agron. J. 94:975-980. doi:10.2134/agronj2002.0975
4. Azam-Ali, S.N., and G.R. Squire. 2002. Principles of tropical agronomy. CABI Publ., Wallingford, UK.
5. Bastidas, A.M., T.D. Setiyono, A. Dobermann, K.G. Cassman, R.E. Elmore, G.L. Graef, and J.E. Specht. 2008. Soybean sowing date: The vegetative, reproductive and agronomic impacts. Crop Sci. 48:727-740. doi:10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0292
6. Beech, D.F., and J.J. Basinski. 1975. Effect of plant population and row spacings on early and late maize hybrids in the Ord Valley. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 15:406-413. doi:10.1071/EA9750406
7. Best, R. 1962. Production factors in the tropics. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 10:347-353.
8. Bieler, P., L.K. Fussell, and F.R. Bidinger. 1993. Grain growth of Pennisetum glauscm (L.). Field Crops Res. 31:41-45. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(93)90049-S
9. Blum, A. 2009. Effective use of water (EUW) and not water use efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress. Field Crops Res. 112:119-123. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.03.009
10. Blum, A., and G.F. Arkin. 1984. Sorghum root growth and water-use as affected by water supply and growth duration. Field Crops Res. 9:131-142. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(84)90019-4
11. Board, J.E., and D. Maricherla. 2008. Explanation for decreased harvest index with increased yield in soybean. Crop Sci. 48:1995-2002. doi:10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0098
12. Bolanos, J. 1995. Physiological basis for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from central America. Field Crops Res. 42:69-80. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(95)00022-I
13. Borras, L., G.A. Slafer, and M.E. Otegui. 2004. Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulation in wheat, maize and soybean: A quantitative reappraisal. Field Crops Res. 86:131-146. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.002
14. Bowers, G.R. 1995. An early soybean production system for drought avoidance. J. Prod. Agric. 8:112-119.
15. Brevedan, R.E., and D.B. Egli. 2003. Short periods of water stress during seed filling, leaf senescence and yield in soybean. Crop Sci. 43:2083-2088. doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.2083
16. Bruns, H.A. 2009. A survey of factors involved in crop maturity. Agron. J. 101:60-66. doi:10.2134/agronj2007.0271R
17. Bruns, H.A., and H.K. Abbas. 2006. Planting date effects on Bt and non-Bt corn in the mid-South USA. Agron. J. 98:100-106. doi:10.2134/agronj2005.0143
18. Bunting, A.H. 1971. Productivity and profit or is your vegetative phase really necessary? Ann. Appl. Biol. 67:265-285. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1971.tb02927.x
19. Capristo, P.R., R.H. Rizzalli, and F.A. Andrade. 2007. Ecophysiological yield components of maize hybrids with contrasting maturity. Agron. J. 99:1111-1118. doi:10.2134/agronj2006.0360
20. Carberry, P.S., and L.C. Campbell. 1985. The growth and development of pearl millet as affected by photoperiod. Field Crops Res. 11:207-217. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(85)90103-0
21. Caviglia, O.P., V.O. Sadras, and F.H. Andrade. 2004. Intensification of agriculture in the south-eastern Pampas. I. Capture and efficiency in the use of water and radiation in double-cropped wheat-soybean. Field Crops Res. 87:117-129. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.10.002
22. Coaldrake, P.D., and C.J. Pearson. 1985. Development and dry weight accumulation of pearl millet as affected by nitrogen supply. Field Crops Res. 11:171-184. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(85)90100-5
23. Confalone, A., J.I. Lizaso, B. Ruiz-Nogueira, F.-X. Lopez-Cedron, and F. Sau. 2010. Growth, PAR use efficiency, and yield components of field-grown Vicia faba L. under different temperature and photoperiods. Field Crops Res. 115:140-148. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.014
24. Costa, J.A., E.S. Oplinger, and J.W. Pendleton. 1980. Response of soybean cultivars to planting patterns. Agron. J. 72:153-156. doi:10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200010029x
25. Craufurd, P.D., and F.R. Bidinger. 1988. Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot growth, development and yield in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.). Leeke. J. Exp. Bot. 39:124-139. doi:10.1093/jxb/39.1.124
26. Curtis, D.L. 1968. The relation between the date of heading of Nigerian sorghums and the duration of the growing season. J. Appl. Ecol. 5:215-226. doi:10.2307/2401286
27. Dardanelli, J.L., O.A. Bachneir, R. Sereno, and R. Gil. 1997. Rooting depth and soil water extraction patterns of different crops in a silty loam Haplustoll. Field Crops Res. 54:29-38. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00017-8
28. Daynard, T.B., J.W. Tanner, and W.G. Duncan. 1971. Duration of the grain filling period and its relation to grain yield in corn, Zea mays L. Crop Sci. 11:45-48. doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100010015xde
29. Wit, C.T. 1967. Photosynthesis: Its relation to overpopulation. p. 315-320. In A. San Pietro et al. (ed.) Harvesting the sun: Photosynthesis in plant life. Academic Press, New York.
30. de Souza, P.I., D.B. Egli, and W.P. Bruening. 1997. Water stress during seed filling and leaf senescence in soybean. Agron. J. 89:807-812. doi:10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900050015x
31. Dingkuhn, M., H.F. Schneir, K. De Datta, K. Dorffling, and C. Javellana. 1991. Relationship between ripening phase productivity and crop duration, canopy photosynthesis, and senescence in transplanted and direct seeded lowland rice. Field Crops Res. 26:327-345. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(91)90009-K
32. Dofing, S.M. 1997. Ontogenetic evaluation of grain yield and time to maturity in barley. Agron. J. 89:685-690. doi:10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900040023x
33. Donald, C.M. 1962. In search of yield. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 28:171-178.
34. Dow el-Malina, I.F., and A.E. Hall. 1986. Flowering of contrasting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes under different temperatures and photoperiods. Field Crops Res. 14:87-104. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(86)90049-3
35. Duncan, W.G., D.E. McCloud, R.L. McGraw, and K.J. Boote. 1978. Physiological basis for yield improvement in peanut. Crop Sci. 18:1015-1020. doi:10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183X001800060028x
36. Easterling, D.R. 2002. Recent changes in frost days and the frost-free season in the United States. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 83:1327-1332.
37. Edwards, J.T., and L.C. Purcell. 2005a. Soybean yield and biomass responses to increasing plant population among diverse maturity groups. I. Agronomic characteristics. Crop Sci. 45:1770-1777. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0564
38. Edwards, J.T., and L.C. Purcell. 2005b. Light interception and yield response of ultra-short-season soybean to diphenylether herbicides in the Midsouthern USA. Weed Technol. 19:168-175. doi:10.1614/WT-04-085R
39. Edwards, J.T., L.C. Purcell, and E.D. Vories. 2005. Light interception and yield potential of short-season maize (Zea maize L.) hybrids in the midsouth. Agron. J. 97:225-234.
40. Edwards, J.T., L.C. Purcell, E.D. Vories, J.G. Shannon, and L.O. Ashlock. 2003. Short-season soybean cultivars have similar yields with less irrigation than longer season cultivars. www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/. Crop Manage. doi:10.1094/CM-2003-0922-01-RS.
41. Egli, D.B. 1981. Species differences in seed growth characteristics. Field Crops Res. 4:1-12. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(81)90049-6
42. Egli, D.B. 1994. Cultivar maturity and reproductive growth duration in soybean. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 173:249-254. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00561.x
43. Egli, D.B. 1997. Cultivar maturity and response of soybean to shade stress during seed filling. Field Crops Res. 52:1-8. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00005-1
44. Egli, D.B. 1998. Seed biology and the yield of grain crops. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
45. Egli, D.B. 2004. Seed-fill duration and yield of grain crops. Adv. Agron. 83:243-279. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(04)83005-0
46. Egli, D.B., and J.E. Leggett. 1973. Dry matter accumulation patterns in determinate and indeterminate soybeans. Crop Sci. 13:220-222. doi:10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300020021x
47. Ehlers, J.D., and A.E. Hall. 1997. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Field Crops Res. 53:187-204. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00031-2
48. Evans, L.T. 1993. Crop evolution, adaptation and yield. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
49. Fischer, R.A. 1979. Growth and water limitations to dryland wheat yield in Australia: A physiological framework. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 45:83-94.
50. Fischer, R.A., and G.O. Edmeades. 2010. Breeding and cereal yield progress. Crop Sci. 50:S-85-S-98. doi:10.2135/cropsci2009.04.0225
51. Foulkes, M.J., M.P. Reynolds, and R. Sylvestor-Bradley. 2009. Genetic improvement of crops: Yield potential. p. 355-385. In V.O. Sadras and D.F. Calderini (ed.) Crop physiology: Applications for genetic improvement and agronomy. Academic Press, New York.
52. Frederick, J.R., J.D. Hesketh, D.B. Peters, and F.E. Below. 1989. Yield and reproductive trait responses of maize hybrids to drought stress. Maydica 34:319-329.
53. Gimenez, C., and E. Fereres. 1986. Genetic variability in sunflower cultivars under drought. II. Growth and water relations. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 37:583-597. doi:10.1071/AR9860583
54. Glover, J.D., J.P. Reganold, L.W. Bell, J. Borevitz, E.C. Brummer, E.S. Buckler et al. 2010. Increased food and ecosystem security via perennial grains. Science (Washington, DC) 328:1638-1639. doi:10.1126/science.1188761
55. Goldsworthy, P.R. 1970. The sources of assimilate for grain development in tall and short sorghum. J. Agric. Sci. 74:523-531. doi:10.1017/S0021859600017640
56. Graham, P.H., and P. Ranalli. 1997. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Res. 53:131-146. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00112-3
57. Grist, D.H. 1986. Rice. 6th ed. Longman Group Limited, New York.
58. Hall, A.E. 1999. Cowpea. p. 355-373. In D.L. Smith and C. Hamel (ed.) Crop yield: Physiology and processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
59. Hall, A.E. 2001. Crop responses to environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
60. Heatherly, L.G. 1999. Early soybean production system (ESPS). p. 103-118. In L.G. Heatherly and H.F. Hodges (ed.) Soybean production in the midsouth. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
61. Heatherly, L.G., and R.W. Elmore. 2004. Managing inputs for peak production. p. 451-536. In H.R. Boerma and J.E. Specht (ed.) Soybeans: Improvement, production, and uses. ASA, CSSA. and SSSA, Madison, WI.
62. Henry, R.J. 2010. Evaluation of biomass resources available for replacement of fossil oil. Plant Biotechnol. J. 8:228-293. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00475.x
63. Hubert, B., M. Rosegrant, M.A.J.S. van Boekel, and R. Ortiz. 2010. The future of food: Scenarios for 2050. Crop Sci. 50:S-33-S-50. doi:10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0530
64. Ishibashi, T., S.C. Sneller, and J.G. Shannon. 2003. Soybean yield potential and phenology in the ultra-short season production system. Agron. J. 95:1082-1087. doi:10.2134/agronj2003.1082
65. Izquierdo, J.A., and G.L. Hosfield. 1983. The relationship of seed filling to yield among dry beans with differing architectural forms. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 108:106-111.
66. Jiang, H., and D.B. Egli. 1995. Soybean seed number and crop growth rate during flowering. Agron. J. 87:264-267. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700020020x
67. Jones, D.B., M.L. Peterson, and S. Gene. 1979. Association between grain filling rate and duration and yield componets in rice. Crop Sci. 19:641-644. doi:10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900050023x
68. Kamoshita, A., S. Fukai, R.C. Muchow, and M. Cooper. 1998. Sorghum hybrid differences in grain yield and nitrogen concentration under low soil nitrogen availability. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 49:1267-1276. doi:10.1071/A98018
69. Kane, M.V., and L.J. Grabau. 1992. Early planted, early maturing soybean cropping system: Growth, development, and yield. Agron. J. 84:769-773. doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400050002x
70. Kassam, A.H., and D.J. Andrews. 1975. Effect of sowing date on growth, development and yield of photosensitive sorghum at Samam, Northern Nigeria. Exp. Agric. 11:227-240. doi:10.1017/S0014479700006761
71. Katsura, K., S. Maeda, T. Horie, and T. Shiraiwa. 2007. Analysis of yield attributes and crop physiology traits of Liangyoupeiju, a hybrid rice recently bred in China. Field Crops Res. 103:170-177. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.06.001
72. Kropft, M.J., A.J. Haverkort, P.K. Aggarwal, and P.L. Kooman. 1995. Using systems approaches to design and evaluate ideotypes for specific environments. p. 417-435. In J. Bouman et al. (ed.) Eco-regional approaches for sustainable land use and food production. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
73. Larson, E.J., and M.D. Clegg. 1999. Using corn maturity to maintain grain yield in the presence of late season drought. J. Prod. Agric. 12:400-405.
74. Lawn, R.J. 1989. Agronomic and physiological constraints to the productivity of tropical grain legumes and prospects for improvements. Exp. Agric. 25:509-528. doi:10.1017/S0014479700015143
75. Lawn, R.J., and B.C. Imrie. 1991. Crop improvement for tropical and subtropical Australia: Designing plants for difficult climates. Field Crops Res. 26:113-139. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(91)90032-Q
76. Loomis, R.S., and J.S. Amthor. 1999. Yield potential, plant assimilatory capacity and metabolic efficiencies. Crop Sci. 39:1584-1596. doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.3961584x
77. Lopez Pereira, M., N. Trapani, and V.O. Sadras. 2000. Genetic improvement of sunflower in Argentina between 1930 and 1995. Part III. Dry matter partitioning and grain composition. Field Crops Res. 67:215-221. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00096-4
78. Ludlow, M.M., and R.C. Muchow. 1990. A critical evaluation of traits for improving crop yields in water-limited environments. Adv. Agron. 43:107-153. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60477-0
79. Malik, T.A., Y. Ali, M. Saleem, and G.R. Tahir. 1989. Yield stability of induced-early-maturing mutants of mungbean (Vigna radiata) and their use in a multiple cropping system. Field Crops Res. 20:251-259. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(89)90069-5
80. Menzel, A., T.H. Sparks, N. Estrella, E. Koch, A. Aasa, R. Ahas et al. 2006. European phenological response to climate change match the warming pattern. Global Change Biol. 12:1969-1976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x
81. Minguez, M.I., B. Ruiz-Nogueira, and F. Sau. 1993. Faba bean productivity and optimum canopy development under a Mediterranean climate. Field Crops Res. 33:435-437. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(93)90164-I
82. Mitchell, J.H., S. Fukai, and M. Cooper. 1996. Influence of phenology on grain yield variation among barley cultivars grown under terminal drought. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 47:757-774. doi:10.1071/AR9960757
83. 4crops. Exp. Agric. 14:1-5. doi:10.1017/S0014479700008255
84. Muchow, R.C. 1985. Phenology, seed yield, and water use of grain legumes grown under different soil water regimes in a semiarid tropical environment. Field Crops Res. 11:81-97. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(85)90093-0
85. Muchow, R.C., T.R. Sinclair, and J.M. Bennett. 1990. Temperature and solar radiation effects on potential maize yield across locations. Agron. J. 82:338-343. doi:10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200020033x
86. Mulatu, E., and K. Belete. 2001. Participatory varietal selections in low land sorghum in Ethiopia: Impact on adoption and genetic diversity. Exp. Agric. 37:211-229. doi:10.1017/S0014479701002034
87. Murata, Y. 1969. Physiological responses to nitrogen in plants. p. 235-259. In J.D. Eastin et al. (ed.) Physiological aspects of crop yield. ASA and CSSA, Madison, WI.
88. Murata, Y. 1981. Dependence of potential productivity and efficiency for solar energy utilization on leaf photosynthetic capacity in crop species. Jpn. J. Crop. Sci. 50:223-232.
89. Naab, J.B., K.J. Boote, P.V.V. Prasad, S.S. Seini, and J.W. Jones. 2009. Influence of fungicide and sowing density on the growth and yield of two ground nut cultivars. J. Agric. Sci. 147:179-191. doi:10.1017/S0021859608008290
90. NeSmith, D.S., and J.T. Ritchie. 1992. Maize (Zea mays L.) response to a severe soil water-deficit during grain filling. Field Crops Res. 29:23-35. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(92)90073-I
91. Nicolas, M.E., R.M. Gleadow, and M.J. Dalling. 1984. Effect of drought and high temperature on grain growth in wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11:553-566. doi:10.1071/PP9840553
92. Otegui, M.E., M.G. Nicolini, R.A. Ruiz, and P.A. Dodds. 1995. Sowing date effects on grain yield components for different maize genotypes. Agron. J. 87:29-33. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700010006x
93. 2 during pod filling increased seed yield but not harvest index in indeterminate narrow leafed lupin. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 51:279-286. doi:10.1071/AR99099
94. Plucknett, D.L., J.P. Everson, and W.G. Sanford. 1970. Ratoon cropping. Adv. Agron. 22:285-330. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60271-0
95. Quattar, S., R.J. Jones, and R.K. Crookston. 1987. Effects of water deficit during grain filling on the pattern of maize kernel growth and development. Crop Sci. 27:726-730. doi:10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700040025x
96. Schweitzer, L.E., and J.E. Harper. 1985. Effect of hastened flowering on seed yield and dry matter partitioning in diverse soybean genotypes. Crop Sci. 25:995-998. doi:10.2135/cropsci1985.0011183X002500060023x
97. Sharma, A.R., and D.P. Singh. 1999. Rice. p. 109-168. In D.L. Smith and C. Hamel (ed.) Crop yield: Physiology and processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
98. Shibles, R.M., and C.R. Weber. 1965. Leaf area, solar radiation interception and dry matter production by soybeans. Crop Sci. 5:575-577. doi:10.2135/cropsci1965.0011183X000500060027x
99. Shrestha, R., K.H.M. Siddique, N.C. Turner, D.W. Turner, and J.D. Berger. 2005. Growth and seed yield of lentil (Lens culinarisMedikus) genotypes of West Asian and and South Asian origin and crossbreds between the two under rainfed conditions in Nepal. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 56:971-981. doi:10.1071/AR05050
100. Sinclair, T.R., and Q. Bai. 1997. Analysis of high wheat yields in Northwest China. Agric. Syst. 53:373-385. doi:10.1016/S0308-521X(96)00048-0
101. Sinebo, W. 2005. Trade off between yield increase and yield stability in three decades of barley breeding in a tropical highland environment. Field Crops Res. 92:35-52. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.08.009
102. Slafer, G.A., A.G. Kantolic, M.L. Appendino, D.J. Miralles, and R. Savin. 2009. Crop development: Genetic control, environmental modulation and relevance for genetic improvement of crop yield. p. 277-308. In V. O. Sadras and D.F. Calderini (ed.) Crop physiology: Applications for genetic improvement and agronomy. Academic Press, New York.
103. Swank, J.C., D.B. Egli, and T.W. Pfieffer. 1987. Seed growth characteristics of soybean genotypes differing in duration of seed fill. Crop Sci. 27:85-89. doi:10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700010022x
104. Timsina, J., and D.J. Connor. 2001. Productivity and management of ricewheat cropping systems: Issues and challenges. Field Crops Res. 69:93-132. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00143-X
105. Todorovic, M.R., R. Albrizo, L. Zivotic, M.-T. Abi Saab, and P. Steduto. 2009. Assessment of AquaCrop, CropSyst and WOFOST models in the simulation of sunflower growth under different water regimes. Agron. J. 101:509-521. doi:10.2134/agronj2008.0166s
106. Venkateswarlu, B., J.S. Rao, and A.V. Rao. 1977. Relationship between growth duration and yield parameters in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J. Plant Physiol. 20:69-76.
107. Vergara, B.S. 1980. Rice plant growth and development. p. 75-86. In B.S. Luh (ed.) Rice: Production and utilization. AVI Printing Co., Wesport, CT.
108. Vergara, B.S., A. Tanaka, R. Lilis, and S. Pruanabhavung. 1966. Relationship between growth duration and grain yield of rice plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 12:31-39.
109. Villalobos, F.J., V.O. Sadras, A. Soriano, and E. Fereres. 1994. Planting density effects on dry matter partitioning and productivity of sunflower hybrids. Field Crops Res. 36:1-11. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(94)90047-7
110. Wada, G., and P.L.S. Cruz. 1989. Varietal differences in nitrogen response of rice plants with special reference to growth duration. Jpn. J. Crop. Sci. 58:732-739.
111. Wallace, D.H., J.P. Baudoin, J. Beaver, D.P. Coyne, D.E. Halseth, P.N. Masaya, H.M. Munger, J.R. Meyers, M. Silbernagal, K.S. Yourstone, and R.W. Zobel. 1993. Improving efficiency of breeding for higher crop yield. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86:27-40.
112. Wallace, J.S. 2000. Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 82:105-119. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00220-6
113. Wilson, L.A. 1977. Root crops. p. 187-236. In P. de T. Alvin and T.T. Kozlowski (ed.) Ecophysiology of tropical crops. Academic Press, New York.
114. Wych, R.D., R.L. McGraw, and D.D. Suthman. 1982. Genotype x year interaction for length and rate of grain filling in oats. Crop Sci. 22:1025-1028. doi:10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183X002200050031x
115. Yang, J., J. Zhang, L. Liu, Z. Wang, and Q. Zhu. 2002. Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits. Agron. J. 94:102-109. doi:10.2134/agronj2002.0102
116. Yoshida, S. 1977. Rice. p. 57-87. In P. de T. Alvin and T.T. Kozlowski (ed.) Ecophysiology of tropical crops. Academic Press, New York.
117. Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Banos, Phillipines.
118. Zeiher, C., D.B. Egli, J.E. Leggett, and D.A. Reicosky. 1982. Cultivar differences in N redistribution in soybeans. Agron. J. 74:375-379. doi:10.2134/agronj1982.00021962007400020027x