Hormone therapy administration in postmenopausal women and risk of stroke

Women's Health

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 355-361

  Renoux, Christel ^a   Suissa, Samy ^a,b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; drug safety; estrogen therapy; menopause

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; PLACEBO; TIBOLONE;

BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MORTALITY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

BRAIN ISCHEMIA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS AS TOPIC; NORPREGNENES; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROGESTERONE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 79957579846     PISSN: 17455057     EISSN: 17455065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/whe.11.28     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Nelson HD: Menopause. Lancet 371(9614), 760-770 (2008).
2. Hurn PD, Brass LM: Estrogen and stroke: a balanced analysis. Stroke 34(2), 338-341 (2003).
3. Carswell HV, Macrae IM, Farr TD: Complexities of oestrogen in stroke. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 118(6), 375-389 (2010).
4. Boysen G, Nyboe J, Appleyard M et al.: Stroke incidence and risk factors for stroke in Copenhagen, Denmark. Stroke 19(11), 1345-1353 (1988).
5. Falkeborn M, Persson I, Terent A, Adami HO, Lithell H, Bergstrom R: Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke. Follow-up of a population-based cohort in Sweden. Arch. Intern. Med. 153(10), 1201-1209 (1993).
6. Finucane FF, Madans JH, Bush TL, Wolf PH, Kleinman JC: Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopausal hormone users. Results from a national cohort. Arch. Intern. Med. 153(1), 73-79 (1993).
7. Hammond CB, Jelovsek FR, Lee KL, Creasman WT, Parker RT: Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. I. Metabolic effects. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 133(5), 525-536 (1979).
8. Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK: Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 151(1), 75-78 (1991).
9. Hunt K, Vessey M, McPherson K, Coleman M: Long-term surveillance of mortality and cancer incidence in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 94(7), 620-635 (1987).
10. Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, Nyboe J: Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebrovascular disease in women. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Stroke 24(10), 1468-1472 (1993).
11. Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, van BG: Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hormonal factors in women. A population-based case-control study. Ann. Intern. Med. 121(3), 168-173 (1994).
12. Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE: Postmenopausal oestrogen treatment and stroke: a prospective study. BMJ 297(6647), 519-522 (1988).
13. Pedersen AT, Lidegaard O, Kreiner S, Ottesen B: Hormone replacement therapy and risk of non-fatal stroke. Lancet 350(9087), 1277-1283 (1997).
14. Petitti DB, Wingerd J, Pellegrin F, Ramcharan S: Risk of vascular disease in women. Smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors. JAMA 242(11), 1150-1154 (1979).
15. Petitti DB, Sidney S, Quesenberry CP Jr, Bernstein A: Ischemic stroke and use of estrogen and estrogen/progestogen as hormone replacement therapy. Stroke 29(1), 23-28 (1998).
16. Pfeffer RI, Van Den Noort S: Estrogen use and stroke risk in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 103(5), 445-456 (1976).
17. Rosenberg SH, Fausone V, Clark R: The role of estrogens as a risk factor for stroke in postmenopausal women. West J. Med. 133(4), 292-296 (1980).
18. Sourander L, Rajala T, Raiha I, Makinen J, Erkkola R, Helenius H: Cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality and sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Lancet 352(9145), 1965-1969 (1998).
19. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC et al.: Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurses' Health Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 325(11), 756-762 (1991).
20. Thompson SG, Meade TW, Greenberg G: The use of hormonal replacement therapy and the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction in women. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 43(2), 173-178 (1989).
21. Wilson PW, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP: Postmenopausal estrogen use, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular morbidity in women over 50. The Framingham Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 313(17), 1038-1043 (1985).
22. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE et al.: Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 335(7), 453-461 (1996).
23. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ: A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 133(12), 933-941 (2000). Reanalysis of the observational Nurses' Health Study Cohort with 20 years of follow-up showing increased risk of ischemic stroke with current use of HRT.
24. Arana A, Varas C, Gonzalez-Perez A, Gutierrez L, Bjerrum L, Garcia Rodriguez LA: Hormone therapy and cerebrovascular events: a population-based nested case-control study. Menopause 13(5), 730-736 (2006).
25. Cherry N, Gilmour K, Hannaford P et al.: Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Lancet 360(9350), 2001-2008 (2002).
26. Simon JA, Hsia J, Cauley JA et al.: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: the Heart and Estrogenprogestin Replacement Study (HERS). Circulation 103(5), 638-642 (2001). Among the first randomized trials to uncover a potential risk of stroke with HRT use.
27. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V et al.: Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of replacement hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Study followup (HERS II). JAMA 288(1), 49-57 (2002).
28. Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI: A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. 345(17), 1243-1249 (2001). Among the first randomized trials to uncover a potential risk of stroke with HRT use.
29. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al.: Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2002) 288(3), 321-333. (Pubitemid 34761611)
30. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix SL, Limacher M et al.: Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. JAMA 289(20), 2673-2684 (2003). First large-scale randomized trial to confirm the increased risk of stroke with HRT use.
31. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al.: Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291(14), 1701-1712 (2004).
32. Hendrix SL, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Johnson KC et al.: Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation 113(20), 2425-2434 (2006).
33. Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, Teutsch SM, Allan JD: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA 288(7), 872-881 (2002).
34. Bath PM, Gray LJ: Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent stroke: a meta-analysis. BMJ 330(7487), 342 (2005).
35. Sare GM, Gray LJ, Bath PM: Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur. Heart J. 29(16), 2031-2041 (2008).
36. Renoux C, Dell'aniello S, Garbe E, Suissa S: Transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke: a nested case-control study. BMJ 340, c2519 (2010). First large-scale population-based study to assess the risk of stroke by HRT formulation, including low-dose transdermal.
37. Magliano DJ, Rogers SL, Abramson MJ, Tonkin AM: Hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 113(1), 5-14 (2006).
38. Lokkegaard E, Jovanovic Z, Heitmann BL et al.: Increased risk of stroke in hypertensive women using hormone therapy: analyses based on the Danish Nurse Study. Arch. Neurol. 60(10), 1379-1384 (2003).
39. Pfeffer RI: Estrogen use, hypertension and stroke in postmenopausal women. J. Chronic Dis. 31(6-7), 389-398 (1978).
40. Modena MG, Sismondi P, Mueck AO et al.: New evidence regarding hormone replacement therapies is urgently required transdermal postmenopausal hormone therapy differs from oral hormone therapy in risks and benefits. Maturitas 52(1), 1-10 (2005).
41. Hemelaar M, van der Mooren MJ, Rad M, Kluft C, Kenemans P: Effects of non-oral postmenopausal hormone therapy on markers of cardiovascular risk: a systematic review. Fertil. Steril 90(3), 642-672 (2008).
42. Vehkavaara S, Silveira A, Hakala-Ala-Pietila T et al.: Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on markers of coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and serum lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Thromb. Haemost. 85(4), 619-625 (2001).
43. Vongpatanasin W, Tuncel M, Wang Z, Arbique D, Mehrad B, Jialal I: Differential effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41(8), 1358-1363 (2003).
44. Weiner MG, Barnhart K, Xie D, Tannen RL: Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease in young women. Menopause 15(1), 86-93 (2008).
45. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode K: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and stroke: role of time since menopause and age at initiation of hormone therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 168(8), 861-866 (2008).
46. Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE et al.: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 297(13), 1465-1477 (2007). Extensive time-related analyses of the effect of HRT on the risk of stroke.
47. Reed MJ, Kloosterboer HJ: Tibolone: a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR). Maturitas 48(Suppl. 1), S4-S6 (2004).
48. Renoux C, Dell'Aniello S, Garbe E, Suissa S: Hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of stroke. Maturitas 61, 305-309 (2008).
49. Cummings SR, Ettinger B, Delmas PD et al.: The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(7), 697-708 (2008).