Designing the green climate fund: How to spend $100 billion sensibly

Environment

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 18-31

  Van Kerkhoff, Lorrae ^a   Ahmad, Imran Habib ^a   Pittock, Jamie ^b   Steffen, Will ^b  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957525906     PISSN: 00139157     EISSN: 19399154     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00139157.2011.570644     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. UNDP's 2007 World Development Report, for example, calculated US$86 billion for adaptation in developing countries alone (UNDP, 2007. World Development Report: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World. UNDP).
2. The UN Economic Commission for Africa uses an estimate of US $150 billion (UNECA, 2009. Policy Brief: Financing Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Africa: Key Issues and Options for Policy-Makers and Negotiators. http://www.uneca.org/adfvii/documents/FINALPolicyBrief-FinancingCC130509.pdf).
3. I. H. Ahmad, 2009. Climate Policy Integration: Towards Operationalization. DESA Working Paper No. 73 in UNDESA working paper series, p. 18.
4. See also S. R. Dovers and A. A. Hezri, 2010, "Institutions and Policy Processes: The Means to the Ends of Adaptation." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1(2): 212-231.
5. WWAP (World Water Assessment Program), 2003, Water for People, Water for Life. The United Nations World Water Development Report. Barcelona: UNESCO Publishing & Berghahan Books.
6. http://www.adaptation-fund.org/accreditedNIEs (Accessed 14/2/2011)
7. Pittock, J., 2009, "Lessons For Climate Change Adaptation From Better Management of Rivers," Climate and Development, 1(3): 194-211.
8. Means of evaluating successful cross-scale adaptation interventions have been proposed based on elements of effectiveness, efficiency, equity and legitimacy, also responsiveness. See N. W. Adger, N. W. Arnell, and E. Tompkins, 2005, "Successful Adaptation to Climate Change Across Scales," Global Environmental Change Part A, 15(2): 77-86; (Pubitemid 40607644)
9. also A. Möhner and R. J. T. Klein, 2007, The Global Environment Facility: Funding for Adaptation or Adapting to Funds?, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.
10. See the full Paris Declaration at http://www.adb.org/media/articles/2005/ 7033-international-community-aid/paris-declaration.pdf
11. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs, 2009, World Economic and Social Survey 2009: Promoting Development, Saving the Planet, United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs, New York, p. 207.
12. K. Richardson, W. Steffen, et al., 2011, Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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19. also GEF, 2010, What is the GEF?, Global Environment Facility, Washington, DC.
20. While it may seem logical to suggest the GEF should be given a central role in the Green Climate Fund, given its relationship with UNFCCC, it is designed specifically to support global-scale benefits, so any effort to include adaptation within its mandate (with its very local benefits) would require a major overhaul of the facility and its fundamental purpose. See A. Möhner and R. J. T. Klein, 2007, The Global Environment Facility: Funding for Adaptation or Adapting to Funds?, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
21. and M. Mace, 2005, "Funding for Adaptation to Climate Change: UNFCCC and GEF Developments Since COP-7," Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 14(3): 225-246. See also note 13.
22. See http://www.adaptationlearning.net/project/pacific-islands-greenhouse- gas-abatement-throughrenewable-energy-project-piggarep
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30. R. Garnaut, 2008, The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne. See also note 11.
31. GEFEO, 2010, OPS4. Progress Towards Impact. The Fourth Operational Performance Study of the GEF. Executive version, Global Environment Facility Evaluation Office, Washington, DC.
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33. R. M. Shrestha and G. R. Timilsina, 2002, "The Additionality Criterion for Identifying Clean Development Mechanism Projects Under the Kyoto Protocol," Energy Policy, 30(1): 73-79; (Pubitemid 33119403)
34. N. Tanwar, 2007, "Clean Development Mechanism and Off-Grid Small-Scale Hydropower Projects: Evaluation of Additionality," Energy Policy, 35(1): 714-721. (Pubitemid 44597267)
35. A. Michaelowa and K. Michaelowa, 2007, "Climate or Development: is ODA Diverted From Its Original Purpose?," Climatic Change, 84(1): 5-2;
36. C. Sutter and J. Parreño, "Does the Current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Deliver Its Sustainable Development Claim? An Analysis of Officially Registered CDM Projects," Climatic Change, 84(1): 75-90.
37. See also S. Sirohi, 2007, "CDM: Is It a 'Win-Win' Strategy for Rural Poverty Alleviation in India?," Climatic Change, 84(1): 91-110; (Pubitemid 47196645)
38. K. Olsen, 2007, "The Clean Development Mechanism's Contribution to Sustainable Development: A Review of the Literature," Climatic Change, 84(1): 59-73. (Pubitemid 47196641)
39. M. Jung, 2006, "Host Country Attractiveness for CDM Non-Sink Projects," Energy Policy, 34(15): 2173-2184
40. also J. I. Lewis, 2010, "The Evolving Role of Carbon Finance in Promoting Renewable Energy Development in China," Energy Policy, 38(6): 2875-2886.
41. See http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/14/38684304.pdf
42. See http://www.gavialliance.org/about/in-partnership/index.php10/08/10
43. A. D. Usher, 2009, "World Report: Dispute Over Pneumococcal Vaccine Initiative," Lancet, 374(9705): 1879-1880.
44. See, for example, the World Bank's recent MultiCat program, and the Climate Investment Fund's Clean Technology Fund, http://siteresources.worldbank. org/EXTANNREP2010/Resources/WorldBank-AnnualReport2010.pdf
45. and W. J. Botzen, C. J. J. M. van den Bergh, et al., 2010, "Climate Change and Increased Risk for the Insurance Sector: A Global Perspective and an Assessment for the Netherlands," Natural Hazards, 52(3): 577-598.
46. J. M. Puliyel, 2010, "GAVI and WHO: Demanding Accountability," British Medical Journal, 341: c4081
47. As in a proposed joint work plan between the three Rio conventions: CBD, 2010, Proposed Elements for a Joint Work Programme Between the Three Rio Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change and Land Degradation, Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, Fourteenth meeting, Nairobi, 10-21 May 2010, Item 3.1.5 of the provisional agenda, UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/14/6/Add.2. 2010, Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal.
48. See also A. J. McMichael, S. Friel, A. Nyong, and C. Corvalan, 2008, "Global Environmental Change and Health: Impacts, Inequalities, and the Health Sector," British Medical Journal, 336: 191-194. (Pubitemid 351212674)
49. http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/climatechange/pages/ financeadvisorygroup. It remains to be seen how this work is utilized by parties under the UNFCCC, given the level of unease felt by some developing countries on the content, focus, and process of this group, outside the UNFCCC.
50. P. van Hofwegen, 2006, Task Force on Financing Water For All. Report 1. Enhancing Access to Finance for Local Governments. Financing Water for Agriculture, chaired by Angel Gurria, Marseilles, World Water Council and Global Water Partnership. http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/fileadmin/Financing-water- for-all/Reports/Financing-FinalText-Cover.pdf (accessed 9 February 2011).
51. J. Winpenny, 2003, Report of the World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure chaired by Michel Camdessus. Financing Water for All, Marseilles, World Water Council and Global Water Partnership. http://www.worldwatercouncil. org/fileadmin/wwc/Library/Publications-and-reports/CamdessusReport.pdf (accessed 9 February 2011).
52. See www.theglobalfund.org/en