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Volumn 20, Issue 70, 2011, Pages 499-515

How political accountability undermines public service ethics: The case of Hong Kong

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCOUNTABILITY; DECISION MAKING; ETHICS; GOVERNMENT; INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK; LEADERSHIP; POLICY IMPLEMENTATION; PUBLIC SERVICE;

EID: 79957509631     PISSN: 10670564     EISSN: 14699400     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2011.565180     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (44)
  • 2
    • 79957442839 scopus 로고
    • The Civil Service: Continuity and change
    • in Wang Gungwu and Wong Siu-lun, eds, (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
    • John C. C. Chan, 'The Civil Service: continuity and change', in Wang Gungwu and Wong Siu-lun, eds, Hong Kong's Transition: A Decade After the Deal (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 19-31.
    • (1995) Hong Kong's Transition: A Decade After the Deal , pp. 19-31
    • Chan J.C., C.1
  • 3
    • 79953765600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The end of the British civil service'
    • in Peter Barberis, ed, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing
    • Richard A. Chapman, 'The end of the British civil service', in Peter Barberis, ed., The Civil Service in an Era of Change (Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing, 1997), pp. 23-37.
    • (1997) The Civil Service In An Era of Change , pp. 23-37
    • Chapman, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 79957485613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in Elizabeth Sinn, ed., Hong Kong, British Crown Colony, Revisited Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, The University of Hong Kong
    • Patrick H. Hase, 'The district office', in Elizabeth Sinn, ed., Hong Kong, British Crown Colony, Revisited (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, The University of Hong Kong, 2001), pp. 126-127.
    • (2001) 'The district office' , pp. 126-127
    • Hase, P.H.1
  • 5
    • 79957532288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I was there at the parliamentary hearing in London and heard these words said by Sir David first hand
    • I was there at the parliamentary hearing in London and heard these words said by Sir David first hand.
  • 6
    • 79957475712 scopus 로고
    • 'The responsibility of the administrator'
    • in A. Dunsire, ed., Manchester: Manchester University Press
    • Henry Self, 'The responsibility of the administrator', in A. Dunsire, ed., The Making of an Administrator (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1956/1958 rpt), p. 73.
    • (1956) The Making of An Administrator , pp. 73
    • Self, H.1
  • 7
    • 79957524948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in Sinn, ed., Hong Kong, British Crown Colony, Revisited
    • Ian F. C. MacPherson, 'Aspects of Crown Service', in Sinn, ed., Hong Kong, British Crown Colony, Revisited, p. 107.
    • 'Aspects of Crown Service' , pp. 107
    • Macpherson, I.F.C.1
  • 11
    • 0002990980 scopus 로고
    • 'Administrative absorption of politics in Hong Kong: Emphasis on the grass roots level'
    • in Ambrose Y. C. King and Rance P. L. Lee, eds, Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press
    • Ambrose Y. C. King, 'Administrative absorption of politics in Hong Kong: emphasis on the grass roots level', in Ambrose Y. C. King and Rance P. L. Lee, eds, Social Life and Development in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1981), pp. 127-146.
    • (1981) Social Life and Development In Hong Kong , pp. 127-146
    • King, A.Y.C.1
  • 12
    • 79957517012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Between autonomy and accountability: Hong Kong senior civil servants in search of an identity'
    • in Chapman, ed
    • Anthony B. L. Cheung, 'Between autonomy and accountability: Hong Kong senior civil servants in search of an identity', in Chapman, ed., Ethics in Public Service for the New Millennium, pp. 185-202.
    • Ethics In Public Service For the New Millennium , pp. 185-202
    • Cheung, A.B.L.1
  • 16
    • 79957530384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • There were Mainland and Taiwan linked political forces in Hong Kong though, which were the spillovers of the Chinese civil war between the communists and the nationalists that were active in the colony, but they were concerned more with Chinese rather than Hong Kong politics.
  • 17
    • 0006007643 scopus 로고
    • 'Introduction: The making of some aspects of public policy in Hong Kong'
    • in David Lethbridge, ed., Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
    • Philip Haddon-Cave, 'Introduction: the making of some aspects of public policy in Hong Kong', in David Lethbridge, ed., The Business Environment in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 9-19.
    • (1980) The Business Environment In Hong Kong , pp. 9-19
    • Haddon-Cave, P.1
  • 20
    • 79957482956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • Hong Kong's Legislative Council (Legco) had its first direct elections in 1991, in which 18 of its seats were returned by universal suffrage, of which 16 were won by the democrats who have since strived for the early introduction of full democracy to Hong Kong. In 1995, the number of directly elected seats increased to 20, with the remaining 40 returned by indirect elections. After the establishment of the HKSAR in 1997, according to the Basic Law, 24 of the 60 Legco seats were returned by direct elections in 2000, and 30 in 2004. Under this mixed electoral system, the democrats, in which the Democratic Party and the Civic Party are the most popular, consistently get the support of about 55-60% of the electorate, yet they only manage to get 40% of the seats in the Legco because the conservatives or the pro-government parties (e.g. The Liberal Party and the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong) have dominated the indirectly elected seats (particularly the Liberal Party before 2008) that are not open for universal suffrage. The Basic Law also says that universal suffrage shall be gradually introduced to the election of the Chief Executive and to the legislature in an orderly manner eventually. In 2005, however, Beijing decided that Hong Kong was not ready for this in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, Beijing further decided that HKSAR could have universal suffrage for its Chief Executive and legislature elections in 2017 and 2020, respectively, if the conditions are right by then.
  • 21
    • 79957513302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • "The Government never accepted. that we [i.e. those who were born in post-war Hong Kong and received a good education in the colony] had a right to participate in the running of Government. Why shouldn't people like me', asked Anna Wu, a member of the 1970s' Hong Kong Observers who sympathizes with the local democrats, "who wanted to contribute one way or another, have had the opportunity to go all the way to the top of the political hierarchy'.
  • 23
    • 78149400313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
    • Sally Blyth and Ian Wotherspoon, eds, Hong Kong Remembers (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 164-165.
    • (1997) Hong Kong Remembers , pp. 164-165
    • Blyth, S.1    Wotherspoon, I.2
  • 24
    • 79957452224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • Her fellow classmate Emily Lau later joined the Legco election in 1991 and has since been a democratic legislator. Lau is now a Vice Chairman of the opposition Democratic Party.
  • 26
    • 79957460439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Anson Chan's speech in the Legco, accessed 23 December 2009
    • See Anson Chan's speech in the Legco, available at: www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/28/0628173.htm (accessed 23 December 2009).
  • 27
    • 79957464146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • Joseph W. P. Wong, former Secretary for the Civil Service of the HKSAR Government, told the author in a private correspondence that the principle of political neutrality of the civil service was never articulated in writing in the HKSAR Government until the implementation of POAS.
  • 31
    • 79957520166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One can find these core values at, accessed 23 December 2009
    • One can find these core values at http://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/conduct/134.html (accessed 23 December 2009).
  • 32
    • 79957439104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional Affairs Bureau, (July 2007), accessed 29 August 2009
    • Constitutional Affairs Bureau, Consultation Document on Further Development of the Political Appointment System, (July 2007), p. 23, available at: http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-6/english/panels/ca/papers/ca0731cb2-consultation-e.pdf (accessed 29 August 2009).
    • Consultation Document On Further Development of the Political Appointment System , pp. 23
  • 34
    • 79957443192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For Mike Rowse's personal account of the whole incident
    • For Mike Rowse's personal account of the whole incident,
  • 36
    • 79957471177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • This later point (i.e. being the Controlling Officer of HarbourFest) is disputed by Mr Rowse, who argued in his book that ERWG only decided that the government, via InvestHK, was to sponsor the event and up to that point, government sponsorship had never required a controlling officer on behalf of the government to exert cost control of the sponsored event.
  • 38
    • 79957510048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • See Moses Mo-chi Cheng and T. Brian Stevenson, Report of the Independent Panel of Inquiry on the HarbourFest (May 2004). Legco's Public Accounts Committee also published its report on HarbourFest in June 2004, which largely concurred with Cheng and Stevenson's conclusions. For Rowse's rebuttals of these charges, see his No Minister & No, Minister.
    • Report of the Independent Panel of Inquiry on the HarbourFest
  • 40
    • 79957463630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Principal Officials Accountability System'
    • Cheung 'The Principal Officials Accountability System', pp. 178-181.
    • Cheung1
  • 41
    • 0003525614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Chief explains reasoning behind punishment of Caritas executives' (20 February 2009), p. C1. My understanding of this case has benefited from a private discussion with Dr Lau Yuk-kong.
    • South China Morning Post
  • 43
    • 79957472838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes
    • Mike Rowse came to more or less the same conclusion after the HarbourFest saga: "One consequence of HarbourFest may well be that the role of head of civil service must be taken away from a political appointee and given to the most senior actual serving civil servant'.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.