Melanoma staging and sentinel lymph node biopsy

Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 279-288

  Forsea, Ana Maria ^a  

^a CAROL DAVILA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY   (Romania)

Author keywords

Melanoma; Prognosis; Sentinel lymph node; Staging

Indexed keywords

CANCER GRADING; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MELANOMA; MICROMETASTASIS; MITOSIS RATE; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIMARY TUMOR; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; STANDARD; CLASSIFICATION; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN TUMOR;

HUMANS; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MELANOMA; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 79957459526     PISSN: 1330027X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ, Atkins MB, Cascinelli N, Coit DG, et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3635-3648.
2. Garbe C, Peris K, Hauschild A, Saiag P, Midd-leton M, Spatz A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:270-283.
3. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Pentheroudakis G. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2009;20(Suppl 4): iv129-iv131.
4. th ed. New York: Springer; 2009. pp 325-344.
5. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, Thompson JF, Ding S, Byrd DR, et al. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors among 2313 patients with stage III melanoma. J Clin Oncol (in press).
6. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Gershenwald JE, Thompson JF, Reintgen DS, Cascinelli N, et al. Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3622-3634.
7. Johnson TM, Sondak VK, Bichakjian CK, Sabel MS. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:19-27.
8. van Akkooi AC, de Wilt JH, Verhoef C, Grave-land WJ, van Geel AN, Kliffen M, et al. High positive sentinel node identification rate by EORTC melanoma group protocol. Prognostic indicators of metastatic patterns after sentinel node biopsy in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:372-80.
9. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, Moz-zillo N, Elashoff R, Essner R, et al. Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1307-17.
10. Warycha M, Polsky D, Osman I, Mazumdar M. Metaanalysis of sentinel lymph node positivity in thin melanoma (#1 mm). J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;(Suppl);60:AB10.
11. Balch CM, Morton DL, Gershenwald JE, Mc-Masters KM, Nieweg OE, Powell B, et al. Sentinel node biopsy and standard of care for melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:872-875.
12. Bleicher RJ, Essner R, Foshag LJ, Wanek LA, Morton DL. Role of sentinel lymphadenectomy in thin invasive cutaneous melanomas. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1326-31.
13. Cascinelli N, Belli F, Santinami M, Fait V, Testori A, Ruka W, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma: the WHO Melanoma Program experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:469-474.
14. Kesmodel SB, Karakousis GC, Botbyl JD, Canter RJ, Lewis RT, Wahl PM, et al. Mitotic rate as a predictor of sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with thin melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:449-458.
15. Wright BE, Scheri RP, Ye X, Faries MB, Turner RR, Essner R, et al. Importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. Arch Surg 2008;143:892-899.
16. Wong SL, Brady MS, Busam KJ, Coit DG. Results of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:302-9.
17. Carlson GW, Murray DR, Hestley A, Staley CA, Lyles RH, Cohen C. Sentinel lymph node mapping for thick (> or=4-mm) melanoma: should we be doing it? Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10:408-415.
18. Gershenwald JE, Mansfeld PF, Lee JE, Ross MI. Role for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thick (> or = 4 mm) primary melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:160-165.
19. Gutzmer R, Satzger I, Thoms KM, Völker B, Mitteldorf C, Kapp A, et al. Sentinel lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor for thick (> or = 4 mm) melanomas. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2008;6:198-203.
20. Caraco C, Celentano E, Lastoria S, Botti G, Ascierto PA, Mozzillo N. Sentinel lymph node biopsy does not change melanoma specifc survival among patients with Breslow thickness greater than four millimeters. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:198S-202S.
21. Essner R, Chung MH, Bleicher R, Hsueh E, Wanek L, Morton DL. Prognostic implications of thick (> or=4-mm) melanoma in the era of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2002;9:754-761.
22. Balch CM. The role of elective lymph node dissection in melanoma: rationale, results, and controversies. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:163-172.
23. Thomas JM. Time to re-evaluate sentinel node biopsy in melanoma post-multicenter selective lymphadenectomy trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9443-9444.
24. Gonzalez U. Cloud over sentinel node biopsy: unlikely survival beneft in melanoma. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:775-776.
25. Kanzler MH. The current status of evaluation and treatment of high-risk cutaneous melanoma: therapeutic breakthroughs remain elusive. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:785-787.
26. Wong SL, Morton DL, Thompson JF, Gershenwald JE, Leong SP, Reintgen DS, et al. Melanoma patients with positive sentinel nodes who did not undergo completion lymphadenectomy: a multi-institutional study. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:809-816.
27. Frankel TL, Griffth KA, Lowe L, Wong SL, Bichakjian CK, Chang AE, et al. Do micro-morphometric features of metastatic deposits within sentinel nodes predict nonsentinel lymph node involvement in melanoma? Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:2403-2411.
28. Gershenwald JE, Andtbacka RH, Prieto VG, Johnson MM, Diwan AH, Lee JE, et al. Microscopic tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes predicts synchronous nonsentinel lymph node involvement in patients with melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4296-4303.
29. Govindarajan A, Ghazarian DM, McCready DR, Leong WL. Histological features of melanoma sentinel lymph node metastases associated with status of the completion lymphadenectomy and rate of subsequent relapse. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:906-912.
30. van Akkooi AC, de Wlt JH, Verhoef C, Schmitz PI, van Geel AN, Eggermont AM, et al. Clinical relevance of melanoma micrometastases (<0.1 mm) in sentinel nodes: are these nodes to be considered negative? Ann Oncol 2006;17:1578-1585.
31. Thomas JM. Prognostic false-positivity of the sentinel node in melanoma. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:18-23.
32. Morton DL. Sentinel node mapping and International Sentinel Node Society: current issues and future directions. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11(3 Suppl):137S-43S.
33. van Poll D, Thompson JF, Colman MH, McKin-non JG, Saw RP, Stretch JR, et al. A sentinel node biopsy does not increase the incidence of in-transit metastasis in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:597-608.
34. Kang JC, Wanek LA, Essner R, Faries MB, Foshag LJ, Morton DL. Sentinel lymphade-nectomy does not increase the incidence of in-transit metastases in primary melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4764-4770.
35. Pawlik TM, Ross MI, Johnson MM, Schache-rer CW, McClain DM, Mansfeld PF, et al. Predictors and natural history of in-transit melanoma after sentinel lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:587-596.
36. Morton DL, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF. The rationale for sentinel-node biopsy in primary melanoma. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:510-511.
37. Sabel MS, Griffth KA, Arora A, Shargorodsky J, Blazer DG 3rd, Rees R, et al. Inguinal node dissection for melanoma in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Surgery 2007;141:728-735.
38. Bastiaannet E, Beukema JC, Hoekstra HJ. Radiation therapy following lymph node dissection in melanoma patients: treatment, outcome and complications. Cancer Treat Rev 2005;31:18-26.
39. Fife K, Thompson JF. Lymph-node metastases in patients with melanoma: what is the optimum management? Lancet Oncol 2001;2:614-621.
40. Rayatt SS, Hettiaratchy S, Key A, Powell BW. Sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma. Having this biopsy gives psychological benefts. BMJ 2000;321:1285.
41. Kilbridge KL, Weeks JC, Sober AJ, Haluksa FG, Slingluff CL, Atkins MB, et al. Patient preferences for adjuvant interferon alfa-2b treatment. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:812-823.
42. Chao C, Martin RC, Ross MI, Reintgen DS, Edwards MJ, Noyes RD, et al. Correlation between prognostic factors and increasing age in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:259-264.
43. Kirkwood JM, Manola J, Ibrahim J, Sondak V, Ernstoff MS, Rao U. A pooled analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology group and inter-group trials of adjuvant high-dose interferon for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:1670-1677.
44. Wheatley K, Ives N, Hancock B, Fore M, Eg-germont A, Suciu S. Does adjuvant interferon-a for high-risk melanoma provide a worthwhile benefit? A meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Cancer Treat Rev 2003;29:241-252.
45. McMasters KM, Ross MI, Reintgen DS, Edwards MJ, Noyes RD, Urist M, et al. Final results of the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):9003.
46. Kanzler M. Sentinel node biopsy and standard of care for melanoma: a re-evaluation of the evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:880-884.
47. Karim RZ, Scolyer RA, Li W, Yee VS, McKin-non JG, Li LX, et al. False negative sentinel lymph node biopsies in melanoma may result from deficiencies in nuclear medicine, surgery, or pathology. Ann Surg 2008;247:1003-1010.
48. Agnese DM, Abdessalam SF, Burak WE Jr, Magro CM, Pozderac RV, Walker MJ. Cost-effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanomas. Surgery 2003;134:542-7.
49. Scoggins CR, Ross MI, Reintgen DS, Noyes RD, Goydos JS, Beitsch PD, et al. Prospective multi-institutional study of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for molecular staging of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2849-57.
50. Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, Balch CHM, on behalf of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Melanoma Staging Committee. 2010 TNM Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma and Beyond. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:1475-7.
51. Ugurel S, Utikal J, Becker JC. Tumor bio-markers in melanoma. Cancer Control 2009;16:219-24.
52. Soong SJ, Ding S, Coit D, et al., and the AJCC Melanoma Task Force. Predicting survival outcome of localized melanoma: an electronic prediction tool based on the AJCC Melanoma Database. Ann Surg Oncol (in press).
53. Michaelson J. Melanoma outcome calculator. Center for Quantitative Medicine. Available from: RL:http://cancer.lifemath.net/melanoma/outcome/. Accessed July 18, 2009.