Endowment, privilege, and estate in the Central and Eastern Sudan

Islamic Law and Society

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 334-351

  O'Fahey, R S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957154418     PISSN: 09289380     EISSN: 15685195     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568519972599707     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (45)

1. History of Africa, ed. Richard Gray, vol. 4, c. 1600 to c. 1790 (Cambridge, 1975), chapters 1 and 2;
2. History of West Africa, ed. J.F.A. Ajayi and M. Crowder (London, 1971), chapters 5, 6, and 13.
3. R.S. O'Fahey and J.L. Spaulding, Kingdoms of the Sudan (London, 1974).
4. A.M.D. Lebeuf, Les Principautes Kotoko: Essai sur le caractere sacre de Vautorite (Paris, 1969).
5. P.M. Holt, The Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1881-1898 (Oxford, 1970), 18.
6. P.M. Holt, Studies in the History of the, Near East (London, 1973), 88-103
7. D.F. McCall, "Islamization of the Western and Central Sudan," in Aspects of West African Islam, ed. D.F. McCall, Boston University Papers on Africa, vol. 5 (Boston, 1971), 1-30;
8. D. Lange, "Progres de l'lslam et changement politique au Kanem du XIe au Xllle siecle: Un essai d'interpretation," Journal of African History, 19 (1978), 495-513.
9. R.S. O'Fahey, "Religion and Trade in the Kayra Sultanate of Dar Fur," in Sudan in Africa, ed. Yusuf Fadl Hasan (Khartoum, 1971), 87-97;
10. R.S. O'Fahey, "Saints and Sultans: The Role of Muslim Holy Men in the Keira Sultanate of Dar Fur," in Northern Africa: Islamization and Modernization, ed. M. Brett (London, 1973), 49-56;
11. R.S. O'Fahey, "Islam, State and Society in Dar Fur," in Conversion to Islam, ed. Nehemia Levtzion (New York, 1979), 189-206
12. Neil McHugh, Holymen of the Blue Nile: The making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan, 1500-1850 (Evanston, 1994).
13. See John 0. Voll, "The Sudanese Mahdi: Frontier Fundamentalist," International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 10 (1979), 163-64.
14. H.J. Fisher, Slavery and Muslim Society in Africa (London, 1970);
15. R.S. O'Fahey, "Slavery and the Slave Trade in Dar Fur," Journal of African History, 14 (1973), 29-43.
16. Paul E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (New York, 1983.
17. J Salah Muhyl al-Din, "Ta'rikh can muluk al-cAbdallab, al-Khartum (Khartoum, May'l968), 34-39.
18. R.S. O'Fahey, State and Society in Dar Fur (London, 1979), chapter 7 (hereafter O'Fahey, State and Society).
19. R.S. O'Fahey and Abdel Ghaffar Muhammad Ahmad, "Documents from Dar Fur," fascicle 1, Occasional Paper, no. 1, Programme of Middle Eastern and African Studies, University of Bergen (1972) (mimeograph).
20. Dierk Lange, A Sudanic Chronicle: The Borno Expeditions of Idrls Alauma (1564-1576) (Stuttgart, 1987), 72 (hereafter Lange).
21. J.F. Lavers, "Diversions on a Journey or the Travels of Shaykh Ahmad al-Yamani (1630-1712) from Halfaya to Fez," in The Central Bildd Al-Suddn. Tradition and Adaptation, eds. Yusuf Fadl Hassan and Paul Doornbos (Khartoum, n.d. [1979]), 216-32.
22. R.S. O'Fahey and Jay Spaulding, "A Sultanic Present," Sudan Texts Bulletin, iii (Coleraine, 1981), 38-43.
23. J.S. Trimingham. A History of Islam in West Africa (London, 1962), 108.
24. P.H.S. D'Escayrac de Lauture, Memoire sur le Soudan (Paris, 1855-56), 93.
25. Salah Muhyi al-Din, "Ta'rikh £an al-£Abdallab," al-Khartum (May 1968), 34-39;
26. R.S. O'Fahey, "The Awlad £Ali: A Fulani Holy Family in Dar Fur," Gedenkschrift Gustav Nachtigal 1874-1974: Veroffent-lichungen aus dem Ubersee-Musewn Bremen, 100 (1977), 147-66,
27. R.B. Serjeant, "Haram and Hawtah, the Sacred Enclave in Arabia," in Melanges Taha Husain, ed. Abd al-Rahman Bedawi (Cairo, 1962), 41-58 (hereafter Serjeant. "Haram and Hawtah").
28. R.B. Serjeant, "Two Tribal Law Cases (Wahidi Sultanate, South-West Arabia)," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1951), 33-47.
29. JD Palmer, Sudanese Memoirs, vol. 3, 3-5.
30. D.F. McCall, "Exegesis of a mahram" in Boston University Pavers on African History, vol. 4 (Boston. 1969). 1-19. Palmer, Bornu, 14.
31. On taxation in Borno, see Gazetteers of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria, 4 vols, (reprinted, London, 1972), vol. 2, 84-88.
32. Theodoro Krump, Hoher und Fruchtbarer Palm-Baum des Heiligen-Evangelij (Augsburg, 1710), 254 (quote translated by J.L. Spaulding).
33. R. Cohen, The Kanuri of Bornu (New York, 1967), 23 (hereafter Cohen).
34. Husayn Sid Ahmad, Tatawwur, i, 52-53.
35. Dar Fur: A Preliminary Enquiry," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, xl (1974), 110-24.
36. L. Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa (Oxford, 1973), 105-10.
37. L. Brenner, "Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanimi and Religion and Politics in Bornu," in Studies in West African Islamic History, vol.1, The Cultivators of Islam, ed. J.R. Willis (London, 1979), 160-76
38. His Neighbours, "Sudanic Africa. A Journal of Historical Sources, iii (1992), 57-94.
39. J.G. Matthew, "Land Customs and Tenure in Singa District," Sudan Notes and Records, 4 (1921).
40. A.N. Poliak, Feudalism in Egypt, Syria, Palestine and the Lebanon, 1250-1900 (London, 1939), 30-33;
41. The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades, ed. P.M. Holt (London, 1977), 66-67.
42. Land in Ddr Fur, 80-81 and 103-04.
43. Voll, "The Sudanese Mahdi."
44. Brenner, "Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanimi", 170.
45. Kitab al-TabaqaU 235-36.