“Back then it was legal” the epistemological imbalance in readings of biblical and ancient near eastern rape legislation

Journal of Religion and Abuse

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 5-35

  Scholz, Susanne ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Adulterous wife woman; Adultery; Ancient near eastern rape legislation; Androcentric bias and ideology; Bestiality; Biblical rape legislation; Code of hammurabi; Desire; Deut. 21:10 14; Deut. 22:22 29; Family and sex laws; Gender; Incestuous rape incest; Lev. 20:10; Male violence; Marriage; Middle assyrian law; Numbers 5:11 31; Rape; Rape law; Seduction; Violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957102635     PISSN: 15211037     EISSN: 15239179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J154v07n03_02     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. “Jacques Derrida, ” The Times (London) (October 11, 2004).
2. Jean-François Lyotard, The Post-Modern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984).
3. Frederic Jameson, Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991).
4. Keith W. Whitelam, “Interested Parties: History and Ideology at the End of the Century, ” in Reading from Right to Left: Essays on the Hebrew Bible in Honour of David J.A. Clines, (Ed.) J. Cheryl Exum and H.G.M. Williamson (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003), 402-422.
5. W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Monroe C. Beardsley, “The Intentional Fallacy, ” in 20th Century Literary Criticism: A Reader, (Ed.) David Lodge (London: Longman, 1972), 334-45.
6. Emilie Buchwald, & Pamela R. Fletcher, (Eds.), Transforming a Rape Culture (Minneapolis: Milkweed, 1995).
7. Duane L. Christensen, Deuteronomy 21:10-34:12
8. Jeffrey H. Tigay, Deuteronomy: The JPS Torah Commentary (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1996), 194.
9. Ronald E. Clements, “The Book of Deuteronomy: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections, ” in The New Interpreter’s Bible, (Ed.) Leander E. Keck, a.o., vol. 2 (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1994), 443.
10. Carolyn Pressler, The View of Women Found in the Deuteronomic Family Laws (Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1993), 10-15.
11. Cheryl B. Anderson, Women, Ideology, and Violence: Critical Theory and the Construction of Gender in the Book of the Covenant and the Deuteronomic Law (London: T&T Clark, 2004), 47.
12. Alexander Rofé, “Family and Sex Laws in Deuteronomy and the Book of Covenant, ” Henoch 9 (1987): 131-159.
13. Jeffrey H. Tigay, Deuteronomy, The JPS Torah Commentary (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1996), 204
14. S. R. Driver, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1895, latest impression 1965), 244.
15. Harold C. Washington, “‘Lest He Die in the Battle and Another Man Take Her’: Violence and the Construction of Gender in the Laws of Deuteronomy 20-22, ” in Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East, (Ed.) Victor H.Matthews, a. o. (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998), 208. (185-213).
16. Tikva Frymer-Kensky, “Deuteronomy, ” in Women’s Bible Commentary with Apocrypha, (Eds.) Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), 63.
17. James B. Pritchard, (Ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 181.
18. Martha T. Roth, (Ed.), Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995).
19. Moshe Greenberg, “Some Postulates of Biblical Criminal Law, ” in A Song of Power and the Power of Song, (Ed.) D. Christensen (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1993), 283-300.
20. Tikvah Frymer-Kensky, “Law and Philosophy: The Case of Sex in the Bible, ” Semeia 45 (1989): 93
21. Mayer I. Gruber, “A Re-examination of the Charges against Shechem son of Hamor, ” Beit Mikra 157 (1999): 119-127
22. Sandie Gravett, “Reading ‘Rape’ in the Hebrew Bible: A Consideration of Language, ” JSOT 28, no. 3 (March 2004): 279-299.
23. Robert J. V. Hiebert, “Deuteronomy 22:28-29 and Its Premishnaic Interpretations, ” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 56 (1994): 203-220.
24. J. J. Finkelstein, “Sex Offenses in Sumerian Laws, ” Journal of the American Oriental Society 86 (1966): 366.
25. Raymond Westbrook, “Adultery in Ancient Law, ” Revue biblique (1990): 562.
26. Fatma Yildiz, “A Tablet of Codex Ur-Nammu from Sippar, ” Orientalia 50 (1981): 96.
27. James B. Pritchard, (Ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Third Edition with Supplement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), 162.
28. Benno Landberger, “Jungfräulichkeit: Ein Beitrag zum Thema, ” “Beilager und Eheschliessung, ” in Symbolae Iuridicae et Historicae: Martiono David Dedicatae, (Eds.) J. A. Ankum, R. Feenstra, and W. F. Leemans, Vol. 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1968), 40-41.
29. Eckart Otto, “Rechtssytematik im altbabylonischen Codex Ešnunna und im altisraelitischen Bundesbuch, ” Ugarit-Forschungen 19 (1987): 184. 185.
30. C. J. Eyre, “Crime and Adultery in Ancient Egypt, ” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17 (1984): 92-105.
31. Walter Kornfeld, “L’adultère dans l’orient antique, ” Revue biblique 57 (Ja. 1950): 98.
32. R. Yaron, “The Rejected Bridegroom (LE 25), ” Orientalis 34 (1965): 29.
33. Harry A. Hoffner, “Incest, Sodomy, and Bestiality in the Ancient Near East, ” in Orient and Occident: Essays presented to Cyrus H. Gordon on the Occasion of his Sixty-fifth Birthday, (Ed.) Harry A. Hoffner (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1973), 81-90.
34. Guillaume Cardascia, Les Lois Assyriennes (Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 1969), 252.
35. Richard Haase, “Bemerkungen zu einigen Paragraphen der hethitischen Gesetze (§§197/98, 95, 35, 37), ” Hethitica 12 (1994): 7-10.
36. Carol J. Adams, “Bestiality, ” in Encyclopedia of Rape, (Ed.) Merril D. Smith (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004), 22-23.