Dynamic Infrared Thermography

Clinics in Plastic Surgery

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 277-292

  De Weerd, Louis ^a   Mercer, James B ^a,b   Weum, Sven ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NORTH NORWAY   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

Breast reconstruction; Dynamic infrared thermography; Flap planning; Free flap perfusion; Perforator flap surgery; Skin temperature

Indexed keywords

BREAST RECONSTRUCTION; DEEP INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC PERFORATOR FLAP; GRAFT PERFUSION; HUMAN; INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; REVIEW;

FEMALE; HUMANS; INFRARED RAYS; MAMMAPLASTY; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; SKIN; SURGICAL FLAPS; THERMOGRAPHY;

EID: 79956364584     PISSN: 00941298     EISSN: 15580504     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.013     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Jiang L.J., Ng E.Y., Yeo A.C., et al. A perspective on medical infrared imaging. J Med Eng Technol 2005, 29:257-267.
2. Jones B.F., Plassmann P. Digital infrared thermal imaging of human skin. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2002, 21:41-48.
3. Pascoe D.D., Mercer J.B., de Weerd L. Physiology of thermal signals. Medical infrared imaging 2008, 6-1-6-20. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton (FL). N.A. Diakides, J.D. Bronzino (Eds.).
4. Ammer K., Ring F.E. Standard procedures for infrared imaging in medicine. Medical infrared imaging 2008, 22-1-22-9. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton (FL). N.A. Diakides, J.D. Bronzino (Eds.).
5. Ring F.E., Jones B.F. The historical development of thermometry and thermal imaging in medicine. Medical infrared imaging 2008, 2-1-2-5. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton (FL). N.A. Diakides, J.D. Bronzino (Eds.).
6. Jones B.F. A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1998, 17:1019-1027.
7. Francis J.E., Roggli R., Love T.J., et al. Thermography as a means of blood perfusion measurements. J Biomech Eng 1979, 101:246-249.
8. Awwad A.M., White R.J., Webster M.H., et al. The effect of temperature on blood flow in island and free skin flaps: an experimental study. Br J Plast Surg 1983, 36:373-382.
9. Mercer J.B., de Weerd L. The effect of water-filtered infrared (IR)-A (wIRA) irradiation on skin temperature and skin blood flow as evaluated by infrared thermography and scanning laser Doppler imaging. Thermol Int 2005, 15:89-94.
10. Merla A., Di Romualdo S., Di Donato L., et al. Combined thermal and laser Doppler imaging in the assessment of cutaneous tissue perfusion. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007, 2007:2630-2633.
11. Lawson R.N. Implications of surface temperatures in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1956, 75:309-311.
12. Wilson S.B., Spence V.A. Dynamic thermography imaging method for quantifying dermal perfusion: potential and limitations. Med Biol Eng Comput 1989, 27:496-501.
13. Iwahashi H., Tashiro T., Morishige N., et al. New method of thermal coronary angiography for intraoperative patency control in off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2007, 84:1504-1507.
14. Pabisiak K., Romanowski M., Myslak M., et al. Variations in temperature of the donor kidney during cold ischemia time and subsequent assessment of reperfusion using the application of thermovision camera. Transplant Proc 2003, 35:2157-2159.
15. Blondeel P.N. Soft tissue reconstruction with perforator flaps. Tissue surgery 2006, 87-100. Springer-Verlag London Limited, Singapore. M.Z. Siemionow (Ed.).
16. Granzow J.W., Levine J.L., Chiu E.S., et al. Breast reconstruction using perforator flaps. J Surg Oncol 2006, 94:441-454.
17. Busic V., Das-Gupta R., Mesic H., et al. The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction, the learning curve explored. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006, 59:580-584.
18. Blondeel P.N., Neligan P.C. Complications: avoidance and treatment. Perforator flaps. Anatomy, technique, and clinical applications 2008, 116-128. Quality Medical Publishing, Inc, St Louis (MO). P.N. Blondeel, S.F. Morris, G.C. Hallock (Eds.).
19. Itoh Y., Arai K. The deep inferior epigastric artery free skin flap: anatomic study and clinical application. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993, 91:853-863.
20. de Weerd L., Weum S., Mercer J.B. The value of dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) in perforator selection and planning of DIEP flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2009, 63:274-279.
21. Taylor G.I., Palmer J.H. The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body: experimental study and clinical applications. Br J Plast Surg 1987, 40:113-141.
22. Giunta R.E., Geisweid A., Feller A.M. The value of preoperative Doppler sonography for planning free perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000, 105:2381-2386.
23. Blondeel P.N. One hundred free DIEP flap breast reconstructions: a personal experience. Br J Plast Surg 1999, 52:104-111.
24. Arnež Z.M., Khan U., Pogorelec D., et al. Rational selection of flaps from the abdomen in breast reconstruction to reduce donor site morbidity. Br J Plast Surg 1999, 52:351-354.
25. de Weerd L., Mercer J.B., Bøe Setså L. Intraoperative dynamic infrared thermography and free-flap surgery. Ann Plast Surg 2006, 57:279-284.
26. Panchapakesan V., Addison P., Beausang E., et al. Role of thrombolysis in free-flap salvage. J Reconstr Microsurg 2003, 19:523-529.
27. Rosenbaum T.J., Sundt T.M. Thrombus formation and endothelial alterations in microarterial anastomoses. J Neurosurg 1997, 47:430-441.
28. Wolff K.D., Hözle F., Wysluch A., et al. Incidence and time of intraoperative vascular complications in head and neck microsurgery. Microsurgery 2008, 28:143-146.
29. Tenorio X., Mahajan A.L., Wettstein R., et al. Early detection of flap failure using a new thermographic device. J Surg Res 2009, 151:15-21.
30. Wechselberger G., Schoeller T., Bauer T., et al. Venous superdrainage in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001, 108:162-164.
31. Carramenha e Costa M.A., Carriquiry C., Vasconez L.O., et al. An anatomic study of the venous drainage of the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987, 79:208-213.
32. Chow S.P., Chen D.Z., Gu Y.D. The significance of venous drainage in free flap transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993, 91:713-715.
33. Celik N., Wei F.C. Technical tips in perforator flap harvest. Clin Plast Surg 2003, 30:469-472.
34. Smit J.M., Acosta R., Zeebergts C.J., et al. Early reintervention of compromised free flaps improves success rate. Microsurgery 2007, 27:612-616.
35. Jones N.F. Intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of microsurgical free tissue transfers. Clin Plast Surg 1992, 19:783-797.
36. de Weerd L., Miland Å.O., Mercer J.B. Perfusion dynamics of free DIEP and SIEA flaps during the first postoperative week monitored with dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT). Ann Plast Surg 2009, 62:40-47.
37. Scheflan M., Dinner M.I. The transverse abdominal island flap: part II. Surgical technique. Ann Plast Surg 1983, 10:120-129.
38. El-Mrakby H.H., Milner R.H. The vascular anatomy of the lower anterior abdominal wall: a microdissection study on the deep inferior epigastric vessels and the perforator branches. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002, 109:539-543. [discussion by Taylor GI, p. 544-7].
39. El Mrakby H.H., Milner R.H. Bimodal distribution of the blood supply to lower abdominal fat: histological study of the microcirculation of the lower abdominal wall. Ann Plast Surg 2003, 50:165-170.
40. Holm C., Mayr M., Höfter E., et al. Perfusion zones of the DIEP flap revisited: a clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:37-43.
41. Salmi A.M., Tukiainen E., Asko-Seljavaara S. Thermographic mapping of perforators and skin blood flow in the free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Ann Plast Surg 1995, 35:159-164.
42. Ulusal B.G., Cheng M.H., Wei F.C. Breast reconstruction using the entire transverse abdominal adipocutaneous flap based on unilateral superficial or deep inferior epigastric vessels. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:1395-1403.
43. Cheng M.H., Robles J.A., Ulusal B.G., et al. Reliability of zone IV in the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: a single center's experience with 74 cases. Breast 2006, 15:158-166.
44. Kroll S.S. Fat necrosis in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000, 106:576-583.
45. Taylor G.I. The vascular anatomy of the lower anterior abdominal wall: a microdissection study on the deep inferior epigastric vessels and the perforator branches. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002, 109:544-547. [discussion].
46. Schaverien M., Saint-Cyr M., Arbique G., et al. Arterial and venous anatomies of the DIEP inferior epigastric perforator and superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008, 121:1909-1919.
47. Nahabedian M.Y. Breast reconstruction using the entire transverse abdominal adipocutaneous flap based on unilateral superficial or deep inferior epigastric vessels. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:1404-1406. [discussion].
48. Dhar S.C., Taylor G.I. The delay phenomenon: the story unfolds. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999, 104:2079-2091.
49. Aydin M.A., Mavili M.E. Examining microcirculation improves the angiosome theory in explaining the delay phenomenon in a rabbit model. J Reconstr Microsurg 2003, 19:187-194.
50. Busic V., Das-Gupta R. Temperature monitoring in free flap surgery. Br J Plast Surg 2004, 57:588.
51. Masia J., Clavero J.A., Larraňaga J.R., et al. Multidetector-row tomography in the planning of abdominal perforator flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006, 59:594-599.
52. Rozen W.M., Phillips T.J., Ashton M.W., et al. Preoperative imaging for DIEA perforator flaps: a comparative study of computed tomographic angiography and Doppler ultrasound. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008, 121:9-16.
53. Brenner D.J., Hall E.J. Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:2277-2284.
54. Lee C.I., Haims A.H., Monico E.P., et al. Diagnostic CT scans: assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks. Radiology 2004, 231:393-398.
55. Okada Y., Kawamata T., Kawashima A., et al. Intraoperative application of thermography in extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. Neurosurgery 2007, 60:362-365.
56. Wolff K.D., Telzrow T., Rudolph K.H., et al. Isotope perfusion and infrared thermography of arterialised, venous flow-through and pedicled venous flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1995, 48:61-70.