Molecular motors: Directing traffic during RNA localization

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 229-239

  Gagnon, James A ^a   Mowry, Kimberly L ^b  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cell polarity; molecular motor; posttranscriptional control; RNA localization; transport

Indexed keywords

DYNEIN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; KINESIN; MOLECULAR MOTOR; MYOSIN; RNA;

CELL POLARITY; DROSOPHILA; GENE EXPRESSION; MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RNA LOCALIZATION; RNA TRANSPORT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; CELL POLARITY; DROSOPHILA; DYNEINS; FEMALE; KINESIN; MICROTUBULES; MOLECULAR MOTOR PROTEINS; MYOSINS; OOCYTES; RNA; RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL; RNA TRANSPORT; RNA, MESSENGER;

EID: 79956363333     PISSN: 10409238     EISSN: 15497798     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.572861     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Adelstein RS, Eisenberg E. 1980. Regulation and kinetics of the actin-myosin-ATP interaction. Annu Rev Biochem 49:921-956.
2. Ally S, Larson AG, Barlan K, Rice SE, Gelfand VI. 2009. Opposite-polarity motors activate one another to trigger cargo transport in live cells. J Cell Biol 187:1071-1082.
3. Aronov S, Aranda G, Behar L, Ginzburg I. 2002. Visualization of translated tau protein in the axons of neuronal P19 cells and characterization of tau RNP granules. J Cell Sci 115:3817-3827. (Pubitemid 35203608)
4. Bashirullah A, Cooperstock RL, Lipshitz HD. 1998. RNA localization in development. Annu Rev Biochem 67:335-394. (Pubitemid 28411133)
5. Berezuk MA, Schroer TA. 2007. Dynactin enhances the processivity of kinesin-2. Trafc 8:124-129. (Pubitemid 46099999)
6. Besse F, Ephrussi A. 2008. Translational control of localized mRNAs: restricting protein synthesis in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:971-980.
7. Betley JN, Heinrich B, Vernos I, Sardet C, Prodon F, Deshler JO. 2004. Kinesin II mediates Vg1 mRNA transport in Xenopus oocytes. Curr Biol 14:219-224. (Pubitemid 38215349)
8. Bianco A, Dienstbier M, Salter HK, Gatto G, Bullock SL. 2010. Bicaudal-D regulates fragile X mental retardation protein levels, motility, and function during neuronal morphogenesis. Curr Biol 20:1487-1492.
9. Birsoy B, Kofron M, Schaible K, Wylie C, Heasman J. 2006. Vg 1 is an essential signaling molecule in Xenopus development. Development 133:15-20. (Pubitemid 43169316)
10. Blangy A, Arnaud L, Nigg EA. 1997. Phosphorylation by p34cdc2 protein kinase regulates binding of the kinesin-related motor HsEg5 to the dynactin subunit p150. J Biol Chem 272:19418-19424. (Pubitemid 27337739)
11. Böhl F, Kruse C, Frank A, Ferring D, Jansen RP. 2000. She2p, a novel RNA-binding protein tethers ASH1 mRNA to the Myo4p myosin motor via She3p. EMBO J 19:5514-5524.
12. Bookwalter CS, Lord M, Trybus KM. 2009. Essential features of the class V myosin from budding yeast for ASH1 mRNA transport. Mol Biol Cell 20:3414-3421.
13. Bramham CR, Wells DG. 2007. Dendritic mRNA: transport, translation and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:776-789. (Pubitemid 47462112)
14. Brendza RP, Serbus LR, Dufy JB, Saxton WM. 2000. A function for kinesin I in the posterior transport of oskar mRNA and Staufen protein. Science 289:2120-2122.
15. Bridgman PC. 2009. Myosin motor proteins in the cell biology of axons and other neuronal compartments. Results Probl Cell Difer 48:91-105.
16. Bullock SL, Ish-Horowicz D. 2001. Conserved signals and machinery for RNA transport in Drosophila oogenesis and embryogenesis. Nature 414:611-616. (Pubitemid 33151251)
17. Bullock SL, Nicol A, Gross S P, Zicha D. 2006. Guidance of bidirectional motor complexes by mRNA cargoes through control of dynein number and activity. Curr Biol 16:1447-1452. (Pubitemid 44066772)
18. Bullock SL, Stauber M, Prell A, Hughes JR, Ish-Horowicz D, Schmidt-Ott U. 2004. Diferential cytoplasmic mRNA localisation adjusts pair-rule transcription factor activity to cytoarchitecture in dipteran evolution. Development 131:4251-4261. (Pubitemid 39276194)
19. Carson JH, Worboys K, Ainger K, Barbarese E. 1997. Translocation of myelin basic protein mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires microtubules and kinesin. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 38:318-328. (Pubitemid 27521603)
20. Cha BJ, Serbus LR, Koppetsch BS, Teurkauf WE. 2002. Kinesin I-dependent cortical exclusion restricts pole plasm to the oocyte posterior. Nat Cell Biol 4:592-598.
21. Chung S, Takizawa PA. 2010. Multiple Myo4 motors enhance ASH1 mRNA transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 189:755-767.
22. Clark I, Giniger E, Ruohola-Baker H, Jan LY, Jan YN. 1994. Transient posterior localization of a kinesin fusion protein refects anteroposterior polarity of the Drosophila oocyte. Curr Biol 4:289-300. (Pubitemid 2069612)
23. Cole DG, Chinn SW, Wedaman KP, Hall K, Vuong T, Scholey JM. 1993. Novel heterotrimeric kinesin-related protein purifed from sea urchin eggs. Nature 366:268-270. (Pubitemid 23359709)
24. Condeelis J, Singer RH. 2005. How and why does beta-actin mRNA target? Biol Cell 97:97-110. (Pubitemid 40220716)
25. Davidovic L, Jaglin XH, Lepagnol-Bestel AM, Tremblay S, Simonneau M, Bardoni B, Khandjian EW. 2007. The fragile X mental retardation protein is a molecular adaptor between the neurospecifc KIF3C kinesin and dendritic RNA granules. Hum Mol Genet 16:3047-3058. (Pubitemid 350131323)
26. Deacon SW, Serpinskaya AS, Vaughan PS, Lopez Fanarraga M, Vernos I, Vaughan KT, Gelfand VI. 2003. Dynactin is required for bidirectional organelle transport. J Cell Biol 160:297-301. (Pubitemid 36182720)
27. Delanoue R, Davis I. 2005. Dynein anchors its mRNA cargo after apical transport in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo. Cell 122:97-106. (Pubitemid 40977943)
28. Delanoue R, Herpers B, Soetaert J, Davis I, Rabouille C. 2007. Drosophila Squid/hnRNP helps Dynein switch from a gurken mRNA transport motor to an ultrastructural static anchor in sponge bodies. Dev Cell 13:523-538. (Pubitemid 47500811)
29. Dictenberg JB, Swanger SA, Antar LN, Singer RH, Bassell GJ. 2008. A direct role for FMRP in activity-dependent dendritic mRNA transport links flopodial-spine morphogenesis to fragile X syndrome. Dev Cell 14:926-939. (Pubitemid 351757204)
30. Dienstbier M, Boehl F, Li X, Bullock SL. 2009. Egalitarian is a selective RNA-binding protein linking mRNA localization signals to the dynein motor. Genes Dev 23:1546-1558.
31. Duncan JE, Warrior R. 2002. The cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin motors have interdependent roles in patterning the Drosophila oocyte. Curr Biol 12:1982-1991. (Pubitemid 35450921)
32. Dunn BD, Sakamoto T, Hong MS, Sellers JR, Takizawa PA. 2007. Myo4p is a monomeric myosin with motility uniquely adapted to transport mRNA. J Cell Biol 178:1193-1206. (Pubitemid 47480226)
33. Eberwine J, Belt B, Kacharmina JE, Miyashiro K. 2002. Analysis of subcellularly localized mRNAs using in situ hybridization, mRNA amplifcation, and expression profling. Neurochem Res 27:1065-1077. (Pubitemid 35316103)
34. Encalada SE, Szpankowski L, Xia CH, Goldstein LS. 2011. Stable kinesin and dynein assemblies drive the axonal transport of mammalian prion protein vesicles. Cell 144:551-565.
35. Ephrussi A, Dickinson LK, Lehmann R. 1991. Oskar organizes the germ plasm and directs localization of the posterior determinant nanos. Cell 66:37-50. (Pubitemid 121001345)
36. Falley K, Schütt J, Iglauer P, Menke K, Maas C, Kneussel M, Kindler S, Wouters FS, Richter D, Kreienkamp HJ. 2009. Shank1 mRNA: dendritic transport by kinesin and translational control by the 5′ untranslated region. Trafc 10:844-857.
37. Gagnon JA, Kreiling JA, Mowry KL. Submitted. Directional transport is mediated by a dynein-dependent step in an RNA localization pathway.
38. Gill SR, Schroer TA, Szilak I, Steuer ER, Sheetz MP, Cleveland DW. 1991. Dynactin, a conserved, ubiquitously expressed component of an activator of vesicle motility mediated by cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol 115:1639-1650. (Pubitemid 21910004)
39. Gonsalvez GB, Urbinati CR, Long RM. 2005. RNA localization in yeast: moving towards a mechanism. Biol Cell 97:75-86. (Pubitemid 40220714)
40. Gross SP, Vershinin M, Shubeita GT. 2007. Cargo transport: two motors are sometimes better than one. Curr Biol 17:R478-R486. (Pubitemid 46908886)
41. Hamilton RS, Davis I. 2007. RNA localization signals: deciphering the message with bioinformatics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:178-185. (Pubitemid 46756368)
42. Hendricks AG, Perlson E, Ross JL, Schroeder HW 3rd, Tokito M, Holzbaur EL. 2010. Motor coordination via a tug-of-war mechanism drives bidirectional vesicle transport. Curr Biol 20:697-702.
43. Heuck A, Du TG, Jellbauer S, Richter K, Kruse C, Jaklin S, Müller M, Buchner J, Jansen RP, Niessing D. 2007. Monomeric myosin V uses two binding regions for the assembly of stable translocation complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:19778-19783.
44. Heuck A, Fetka I, Brewer DN, Hüls D, Munson M, Jansen RP, Niessing D. 2010. The structure of the Myo4p globular tail and its function in ASH1 mRNA localization. J Cell Biol 189:497-510.
45. Hirokawa N. 1994. Microtubule organization and dynamics dependent on microtubule-associated proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 6:74-81. (Pubitemid 24048698)
46. Hirokawa N. 2006. mRNA transport in dendrites: RNA granules, motors, and tracks. J Neurosci 26:7139-7142.
47. Hirokawa N, Noda Y, Tanaka Y, Niwa S. 2009. Kinesin superfamily motor proteins and intracellular transport. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:682-696.
48. Hirokawa N, Pfster KK, Yorifuji H, Wagner MC, Brady ST, Bloom GS. 1989. Submolecular domains of bovine brain kinesin identifed by electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody decoration. Cell 56:867-878. (Pubitemid 19082522)
49. Hodges AR, Krementsova EB, Trybus KM. 2008. She3p binds to the rod of yeast myosin V and prevents it from dimerizing, forming a single-headed motor complex. J Biol Chem 283:6906-6914.
50. Holt CE, Bullock SL. 2009. Subcellular mRNA localization in animal cells and why it matters. Science 326:1212-1216.
51. Holzbaur EL, Goldman YE. 2010. Coordination of molecular motors: from in vitro assays to intracellular dynamics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:4-13.
52. Janke C, Kneussel M. 2010. Tubulin post-translational modifcations: encoding functions on the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. Trends Neurosci 33:362-372.
53. Jansen RP, Dowzer C, Michaelis C, Galova M, Nasmyth K. 1996. Mother cell-specifc HO expression in budding yeast depends on the unconventional myosin myo4p and other cytoplasmic proteins. Cell 84:687-697. (Pubitemid 26094199)
54. Januschke J, Gervais L, Dass S, Kaltschmidt JA, Lopez-Schier H, St Johnston D, Brand AH, Roth S, Guichet A. 2002. Polar transport in the Drosophila oocyte requires dynein and kinesin I cooperation. Curr Biol 12:1971-1981. (Pubitemid 35450920)
55. Jaramillo AM, Weil TT, Goodhouse J, Gavis ER, Schupbach T. 2008. The dynamics of fuorescently labeled endogenous gurken mRNA in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 121:887-894. (Pubitemid 351578124)
56. Kanai Y, Dohmae N, Hirokawa N. 2004. Kinesin transports RNA: isolation and characterization of an RNA-transporting granule. Neuron 43:513-525. (Pubitemid 39094678)
57. Kardon JR, Vale RD. 2009. Regulators of the cytoplasmic dynein motor. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:854-865.
58. Karki S, Holzbaur EL. 1999. Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in cell division and intracellular transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11:45-53. (Pubitemid 29084131)
59. King ML, Messitt TJ, Mowry KL. 2005. Putting RNAs in the right place at the right time: RNA localization in the frog oocyte. Biol Cell 97:19-33. (Pubitemid 40220710)
60. Krauss J, López de Quinto S, Nüsslein-Volhard C, Ephrussi A. 2009. Myosin-V regulates oskar mRNA localization in the Drosophila oocyte. Curr Biol 19:1058-1063.
61. Krendel M, Mooseker MS. 2005. Myosins: tails (and heads) of functional diversity. Physiology (Bethesda) 20:239-251. (Pubitemid 41215198)
62. Lan L, Lin S, Zhang S, Cohen RS. 2010. Evidence for a transport-trap mode of Drosophila melanogaster gurken mRNA localization. PLoS ONE 5:e15448.
63. Larsen KS, Xu J, Cermelli S, Shu Z, Gross SP. 2008. BicaudalD actively regulates microtubule motor activity in lipid droplet transport. PLoS ONE 3:e3763.
64. Latham VM, Yu EH, Tullio AN, Adelstein RS, Singer RH. 2001. A Rho-dependent signaling pathway operating through myosin localizes beta-actin mRNA in fbroblasts. Curr Biol 11:1010-1016. (Pubitemid 32632715)
65. Lecuyer E, Yoshida H, Parthasarathy N, Alm C, Babak T, Cerovina T, Hughes TR, Tomancak P, Krause HM. 2007. Global analysis of mRNA localization reveals a prominent role in organizing cellular architecture and function. Cell 131:174-187. (Pubitemid 47498530)
66. Lewis RA, Mowry KL. 2007. Ribonucleoprotein remodeling during RNA localization. Diferentiation 75:507-518. (Pubitemid 47063216)
67. Ling SC, Fahrner PS, Greenough W T, Gelfand VI. 2004. Transport of Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein-containing ribonucleoprotein granules by kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:17428-17433. (Pubitemid 39657421)
68. Lipshitz HD, Smibert CA. 2000. Mechanisms of RNA localization and translational regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 10:476-488.
69. Loiseau P, Davies T, Williams LS, Mishima M, Palacios IM. 2010. Drosophila PAT1 is required for kinesin-1 to transport cargo and to maximize its motility. Development 137:2763-2772.
70. Long RM, Gu W, Lorimer E, Singer RH, Chartrand P. 2000. She2p is a novel RNA-binding protein that recruits the Myo4p-She3p complex to ASH1 mRNA. EMBO J 19:6592-6601.
71. Long RM, Singer RH, Meng X, Gonzalez I, Nasmyth K, Jansen RP. 1997. Mating type switching in yeast controlled by asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA. Science 277:383-387. (Pubitemid 27450713)
72. MacDougall N, Clark A, MacDougall E, Davis I. 2003. Drosophila gurken (TGFalpha) mRNA localizes as particles that move within the oocyte in two dynein-dependent steps. Dev Cell 4:307-319. (Pubitemid 36342357)
73. Mach JM, Lehmann R. 1997. An Egalitarian-BicaudalD complex is essential for oocyte specifcation and axis determination in Drosophila. Genes Dev 11:423-435. (Pubitemid 27097642)
74. Martin KC, Ephrussi A. 2009. mRNA localization: gene expression in the spatial dimension. Cell 136:719-730.
75. Martin M, Iyadurai SJ, Gassman A, Gindhart JG Jr, Hays TS, Saxton WM. 1999. Cytoplasmic dynein, the dynactin complex, and kinesin are interdependent and essential for fast axonal transport. Mol Biol Cell 10:3717-3728. (Pubitemid 29534021)
76. Melton DA. 1987. Translocation of a localized maternal mRNA to the vegetal pole of Xenopus oocytes. Nature 328:80-82. (Pubitemid 17103586)
77. Messitt TJ, Gagnon JA, Kreiling JA, Pratt CA, Yoon YJ, Mowry KL. 2008. Multiple kinesin motors coordinate cytoplasmic RNA transport on a subpopulation of microtubules in Xenopus oocytes. Dev Cell 15:426-436.
78. Mhlanga MM, Bratu DP, Genovesio A, Rybarska A, Chenouard N, Nehrbass U, Olivo-Marin JC. 2009. In vivo colocalisation of oskar mRNA and trans-acting proteins revealed by quantitative imaging of the Drosophila oocyte. PLoS ONE 4:e6241.
79. Mili S, Moissoglu K, Macara IG. 2008. Genome-wide screen reveals APC-associated RNAs enriched in cell protrusions. Nature 453:115-119. (Pubitemid 351630332)
80. Minakhina S, Steward R. 2005. Axes formation and RNA localization. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15:416-421. (Pubitemid 40982093)
81. Müller MJ, Klumpp S, Lipowsky R. 2008. Tug-of-war as a cooperative mechanism for bidirectional cargo transport by molecular motors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:4609-4614. (Pubitemid 351753794)
82. Müller MJ, Klumpp S, Lipowsky R. 2010. Bidirectional transport by molecular motors: enhanced processivity and response to external forces. Biophys J 98:2610-2618.
83. Münchow S, Sauter C, Jansen RP. 1999. Association of the class V myosin Myo4p with a localised messenger RNA in budding yeast depends on She proteins. J Cell Sci 112 (Pt 10):1511-1518. (Pubitemid 29261313)
84. Navarro C, Puthalakath H, Adams JM, Strasser A, Lehmann R. 2004. Egalitarian binds dynein light chain to establish oocyte polarity and maintain oocyte fate. Nat Cell Biol 6:427-435. (Pubitemid 38607503)
85. Palacios IM, St Johnston D. 2002. Kinesin light chain-independent function of the Kinesin heavy chain in cytoplasmic streaming and posterior localisation in the Drosophila oocyte. Development 129:5473-5485. (Pubitemid 36033065)
86. Penagarikano O, Mulle JG, Warren ST. 2007. The pathophysiology of fragile x syndrome. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 8:109-129.
87. Poon MM, Choi SH, Jamieson CA, Geschwind DH, Martin KC. 2006. Identifcation of process-localized mRNAs from cultured rodent hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 26:13390-13399. (Pubitemid 46011650)
88. Rayment I, Holden HM. 1994. The three-dimensional structure of a molecular motor. Trends Biochem Sci 19:129-134. (Pubitemid 24082791)
89. Reck-Peterson SL, Tyska MJ, Novick PJ, Mooseker MS. 2001. The yeast class V myosins, Myo2p and Myo4p, are nonprocessive actin-based motors. J Cell Biol 153:1121-1126. (Pubitemid 34289249)
90. Redeker V. 2010. Mass spectrometry analysis of C-terminal posttranslational modifcations of tubulins. Methods Cell Biol 95:77-103.
91. Schnorrer F, Bohmann K, Nüsslein-Volhard C. 2000. The molecular motor dynein is involved in targeting swallow and bicoid RNA to the anterior pole of Drosophila oocytes. Nat Cell Biol 2:185-190.
92. Schroer TA. 2004. Dynactin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:759-779. (Pubitemid 39488657)
93. Sossin WS, DesGroseillers L. 2006. Intracellular trafcking of RNA in neurons. Trafc 7:1581-1589.
94. St. Johnston D. 2005. Moving messages: the intracellular localization of mRNAs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:363-375. (Pubitemid 40637854)
95. St. Johnston D, Beuchle D, Nüsslein-Volhard C. 1991. Staufen, a gene required to localize maternal RNAs in the Drosophila egg. Cell 66:51-63. (Pubitemid 121001346)
96. Sundell CL, Singer RH. 1991. Requirement of microflaments in sorting of actin messenger RNA. Science 253:1275-1277. (Pubitemid 21917276)
97. Suzuki T, Tian QB, Kuromitsu J, Kawai T, Endo S. 2007. Characterization of mRNA species that are associated with postsynaptic density fraction by gene chip microarray analysis. Neurosci Res 57:61-85. (Pubitemid 46084867)
98. Takizawa PA, Vale RD. 2000. The myosin motor, Myo4p, binds Ash1 mRNA via the adapter protein, She3p. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:5273-5278. (Pubitemid 30313708)
99. Tang SJ, Meulemans D, Vazquez L, Colaco N, Schuman E. 2001. A role for a rat homolog of staufen in the transport of RNA to neuronal dendrites. Neuron 32:463-475. (Pubitemid 33082047)
100. Tekotte H, Davis I. 2002. Intracellular mRNA localization: motors move messages. Trends Genet 18:636-642. (Pubitemid 35346687)
101. Uchida A, Alami NH, Brown A. 2009. Tight functional coupling of kinesin-1A and dynein motors in the bidirectional transport of neuroflaments. Mol Biol Cell 20:4997-5006.
102. Uteng M, Hentrich C, Miura K, Bieling P, Surrey T. 2008. Poleward transport of Eg5 by dynein-dynactin in Xenopus laevis egg extract spindles. J Cell Biol 182:715-726.
103. Vale RD. 2003. The molecular motor toolbox for intracellular transport. Cell 112:467-480. (Pubitemid 36263080)
104. Vale RD, Reese TS, Sheetz MP. 1985. Identifcation of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility. Cell 42:39-50. (Pubitemid 16237554)
105. Vallee RB, Williams JC, Varma D, Barnhart LE. 2004. Dynein: An ancient motor protein involved in multiple modes of transport. J Neurobiol 58:189-200. (Pubitemid 38173717)
106. Veigel C, Schmidt CF. 2011. Moving into the cell: single-molecule studies of molecular motors in complex environments. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:163-176.
107. Vessey JP, Macchi P, Stein JM, Mikl M, Hawker KN, Vogelsang P, Wieczorek K, Vendra G, Riefer J, Tübing F, Aparicio SA, Abel T, Kiebler MA. 2008. A loss of function allele for murine Staufen1 leads to impairment of dendritic Staufen1-RNP delivery and dendritic spine morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:16374-16379.
108. Vicente-Manzanares M, Ma X, Adelstein RS, Horwitz AR. 2009. Non-muscle myosin II takes centre stage in cell adhesion and migration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:778-790.
109. Villacé P, Marión RM, Ortín J. 2004. The composition of Staufen-containing RNA granules from human cells indicates their role in the regulated transport and translation of messenger RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 32:2411-2420. (Pubitemid 38854795)
110. Vuppalanchi D, Willis DE, Twiss JL. 2009. Regulation of mRNA transport and translation in axons. Results Probl Cell Difer 48:193-224.
111. Wang DO, Martin KC, Zukin RS. 2010. Spatially restricting gene expression by local translation at synapses. Trends Neurosci 33:173-182.
112. Waterman-Storer CM, Karki SB, Kuznetsov SA, Tabb JS, Weiss DG, Langford GM, Holzbaur EL. 1997. The interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin is required for fast axonal transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:12180-12185. (Pubitemid 27467863)
113. Wedaman KP, Meyer DW, Rashid DJ, Cole DG, Scholey JM. 1996. Sequence and submolecular localization of the 115-kD accessory subunit of the heterotrimeric kinesin-II (KRP85/95) complex. J Cell Biol 132:371-380.
114. Weil TT, Forrest KM, Gavis ER. 2006. Localization of bicoid mRNA in late oocytes is maintained by continual active transport. Dev Cell 11:251-262. (Pubitemid 44138499)
115. Weil TT, Xanthakis D, Parton R, Dobbie I, Rabouille C, Gavis ER, Davis I. 2010. Distinguishing direct from indirect roles for bicoid mRNA localization factors. Development 137:169-176.
116. Welte MA. 2004. Bidirectional transport along microtubules. Curr Biol 14:R525-R537. (Pubitemid 38893974)
117. Welte MA, Gross SP. 2008. Molecular motors: a trafc cop within? HFSP J 2:178-182.
118. Westermann S, Weber K. 2003. Post-translational modifcations regulate microtubule function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:938-947. (Pubitemid 37493642)
119. Wilkie GS, Davis I. 2001. Drosophila wingless and pair-rule transcripts localize apically by dynein-mediated transport of RNA particles. Cell 105:209-219. (Pubitemid 32429511)
120. Williams JC, Roulhac PL, Roy AG, Vallee RB, Fitzgerald MC, Hendrickson WA. 2007. Structural and thermodynamic characterization of a cytoplasmic dynein light chain-intermediate chain complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:10028-10033. (Pubitemid 47175257)
121. Yang JT, Laymon RA, Goldstein LS. 1989. A three-domain structure of kinesin heavy chain revealed by DNA sequence and microtubule binding analyses. Cell 56:879-889. (Pubitemid 19082523)
122. Yoon YJ, Mowry KL. 2004. Xenopus Staufen is a component of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing Vg1 RNA and kinesin. Development 131:3035-3045. (Pubitemid 39077429)
123. Zimyanin VL, Belaya K, Pecreaux J, Gilchrist MJ, Clark A, Davis I, St Johnston D. 2008. In vivo imaging of oskar mRNA transport reveals the mechanism of posterior localization. Cell 134:843-853.