Impacts of snow conditions on tourism demand in Austrian ski areas

Climate Research

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-14

  Töglhofer, Christoph ^a,b   Eigner, Franz ^a   Prettenthaler, Franz ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b JOANNEUM RESEARCH   (Austria)

Author keywords

Austria; Climate variability; Panel data; Regression analysis; Snow; Tourism

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES; AUSTRIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DEMAND CHANGES; PANEL DATA; PANEL DATA MODELS; RESEARCH EFFORTS; STANDARD DEVIATION; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TOURISM; TOURISM DEMAND;

CLIMATE CHANGE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

SNOW MAKING;

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIATION; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SNOW; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TOURISM MARKET; TOURIST ATTRACTION; TOURIST DESTINATION;

AUSTRIA;

EID: 79956360566     PISSN: 0936577X     EISSN: 16161572     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/cr00939     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abegg B, Agrawala S, Crick F, de Montfalcon A (2007) Climate change impacts and adaptation in winter tourism. In: Agrawala S (ed) Climage change in the European Alps: Adapting winter tourism and natural hazards management. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, p 25-58
2. Agnew MD, Palutikof JP (2006) Impacts of short-term climate variability in the UK on demand for domestic and international tourism. Clim Res 31:109-120 (Pubitemid 44122392)
3. Arellano M, Bond S (1991) Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Rev Econ Stud 58:277-297
4. Arellano M, Bover O (1995) Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-component models. J Econom 68:29-51
5. Baltagi BH (2008) Econometric analysis of panel data, 4th edn. John Wiley, Chichester
6. Beck A, Hiebl J, Koch E, Potzmann R, Schöner W (2009) Institutionelle und regulatorische Fragestellungen der Bereitstellung von Wetterdaten. Economics of Weather and Climate Risks Working Paper Series 10/2009, Johanneum Research, Graz. Available at www.klimarisiko.at/node/ 42bergfex (2009) Austrian ski areas. Available at www.bergfex.at/
7. BEV (Bundesamt für Eich-und Vermessungswesen) (2009) Austrian Map 3D Software. BEV, Vienna
8. Bigano A, Goria A, Hamilton JM, Tol RSJ (2005) The effect of climate change and extreme weather on tourism. In: Lanza A, Markandya A, Pigliaru F (eds) The economics of tourism and sustainable development. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
9. Bigano A, Hamilton JM, Tol RSJ (2006) The impact of climate on holiday destination choice. Clim Change 76:389-406 (Pubitemid 44098564)
10. Blundell R, Bond S (1998) Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. J Econom 87:115-143 (Pubitemid 128415761)
11. Breiling M, Charamza P (1999) The impact of global warming on winter tourism and skiing: a regionalised model for Austrian snow conditions. Reg Environ Change 1:4-14
12. Breusch TS (1978) Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models. Aust Econ Pap 17:334-355
13. Breusch TS, Pagan AR (1979) Simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coeffcient variation. Econometrica 47: 1287-1294
14. Bruno GSF (2005) Estimation and inference in dynamic unbalanced panel-data models with a small number of individuals. Stata J 5:473-500 (Pubitemid 43708454)
15. Dawson J, Scott D, McBoyle G (2009) Climate change analogue analysis of ski tourism in the northeastern USA. Clim Res 39:1-9
16. Elsasser H, Bürki R (2002) Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Clim Res 20:253-257 (Pubitemid 34834535)
17. Fukushima T, Kureha M, Ozaki N, Fukimori Y, Harasawa H (2002) Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries: case study on ski activities. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 7:173-189 (Pubitemid 36429541)
18. Galloway RW (1988) The potential impact of climate changes on Australian ski fields. In: Pearmann GI (ed) Greenhouse: planning for climate change. CSIRO, Melbourne, p 428-437
19. Garín-Muñoz T, Montero-Martín LF (2007) Tourism in the Balearic Islands: a dynamic model for international demand using panel data. Tour Manag 28:1224-1235 (Pubitemid 46915281)
20. Godfrey LG (1978) Testing against general autoregressive and moving average error models when the regressors include lagged dependent variables. Econometrica 46:1293-1302
21. Hamilton JM, Maddison DJ, Tol RSJ (2005) Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study. Glob Environ Change 15:253-266 (Pubitemid 41159499)
22. Hamilton LC, Brown C, Keim BD (2007) Ski areas, weather and climate: Time series models for New England case studies. Int J Climatol 27:2113-2124 (Pubitemid 350268752)
23. Harrison R, Kinnaird V, McBoyle G, Quinlan C, Wall G (1986) Recreation and climate change: a Canadian case study. Ontario Geogr 23:51-68
24. Hennessy KJ, Whetton PH, Walsh K, Smith IN, Bathols JM, Hutchinson M, Sharples J (2008) Climate change effects on snow conditions in mainland Australia and adaptation at ski resorts through snowmaking. Clim Res 35:255-270 (Pubitemid 351721165)
25. Jarque CM, Bera AK (1980) Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals. Econ Lett 6:255-259
26. Joanneum Research (2008) Austrian ski resort database. JOANNEUM Research, Institute of Technology and Regional Policy, Graz
27. König U, Abegg B (1997) Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in the Swiss Alps. J Sustain Tourism 5:46-58
28. Laimer P, Smeral E (2006) Ein Tourismus-Satellitenkonto für Österreich: Methodik, Ergebnisse und Prognosen für die Jahre 2000 bis 2007. Statistics Austria and WIFO (Austrian Institute for Economic Research), Vienna
29. Lamothe & Périard Consultants (1988) Implications of climate change for downhill skiing in Quebec. Climate Change Digest 88-03. Environment Canada, Ottawa
30. Lipski S, McBoyle G (1991) The impact of global warming on downhill skiing in Michigan. East Lakes Geogr 26:37-51
31. Lise W, Tol RSJ (2002) Impact of climate on tourist demand. Clim Change 55:429-449 (Pubitemid 35371759)
32. Luzzi GF, Flückiger Y (2003) An econometric estimation of the demand for tourism: the case of Switzerland. Pac Econ Rev 8:289-303 (Pubitemid 37477444)
33. Maddison D (2001) In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists. Clim Change 49:193-208 (Pubitemid 32382702)
34. McBoyle G, Wall G (1992) Great Lakes skiing and climate change. In: Gill A, Hartman R (ed) Mountain resort development. Simon Fraser University, Centre for Tourism Policy and Research, Burnaby, p 71-81
35. Nickell SJ (1981) Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica 49:1417-1426
36. OECD (2008) Consumer price index and gross domestic product. OECD, available at http://stats.oecd.org/
37. Prettenthaler F, Formayer H, Aumayer Ch, Haas P and others (2009) Global Change Impact on Tourism: Der sozioökonomische Einfluss des Klimawandels auf den Winter- und Sommertourismus in Österreich. Joanneum Research, Graz
38. Ramsey JB (1969) Tests for specification errors in classical linear least squares regression analysis. J R Stat Soc A 31:350-371
39. Roodman D (2009) How to do xtabond2: an introduction to 'Difference' and 'System' GMM in Stata. Stata J 9:86-136
40. Scott D, McBoyle G, Mills B (2003) Climate change and the skiing industry in southern Ontario (Canada): exploring the importance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation. Clim Res 23:171-181 (Pubitemid 36261310)
41. Scott D, McBoyle G, Minogue A, Mills B (2006) Climate change and the sustainability of ski-based tourism in eastern North America: a reassessment. J Sustain Tourism 14:376-398 (Pubitemid 44184223)
42. Scott D, Dawson J, Jones B (2008) Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation-tourism sector. Mitig Adapt Strategies Glob Change 13:577-596
43. Sequeira N, Nunes P (2008) Does country risk influence international tourism? A dynamic panel data analysis. Econ Rec 84:223-236
44. Shih C, Nicholls S, Holecek DF (2009) Impact of weather on downhill ski lift ticket sales. J Travel Res 47:359-372
45. Song H, Witt SF, Li G (2009) The advanced econometrics of tourism demand. Routledge, New York
46. Statistics Austria (2008) Overnight stays in Austrian municipalities in the winter season 1973 to 2007. Statistics Austria, Vienna
47. Steiger R, Mayer M (2008) Snowmaking and climate change: future options for snow production in Tyrolean ski resorts. Mt Res Dev 28:292-298
48. Teich M, Lardelli C, Bebi P, Gallati D and others (2007) Klimawandel und Wintertourismus: Ökonomische und ökologische Auswirkungen von technischer Beschneiung. Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Birmensdorf
49. ZAMG (Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) (2009) 1 × 1 km grid data for air temperature, precipitation and snow 1948-2006. ZAMG, Vienna