Measuring balance and mobility after traumatic brain injury: Validation of the community balance and mobility scale (CB&M)

Physiotherapy Canada

Volumn 63, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 199-208

  Inness, Elizabeth Liz ^a   Howe, Jo Anne ^a   Szwedo, Ewa Niechwiej ^b   Jaglal, Susan B ^c   McIlroy, William E ^c,d   Verrier, Molly C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^c TORONTO REHABILITATION INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Balance; Brain injuries; Mobility limitations; Outcome assessment; Posture

Indexed keywords

BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BRAIN INJURY; GAIT; HUMAN; REPRODUCIBILITY; WALKING;

BRAIN INJURIES; GAIT; HUMANS; POSTURAL BALANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; WALKING;

EID: 79956323264     PISSN: 03000508     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2009-45     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Hyder AA, Wunderlich CA, Puvanachandra P, Gururaj G, Kobusingye OC. The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. Neurorehabil. 2007;22:341-53.
2. Hamilton Brain Injury Association [Internet]. Brain injury facts. Hamilton: The Association; n.d. [cited 2010 July 5]. Available from: http://www.hbia.ca/brain_injury.html
3. Katz DI, White DK, Alexander MP, Klein RB. Recovery of ambulation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:865-9.
4. Swaine BR, Sullivan SJ. Longitudinal profile of early motor recovery following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1996;10:347-66. doi:10.1080/026990596124368
5. Hillier SL, Sharpe MH, Metzer J. Outcomes 5 years post-traumatic brain injury with further reference to neurophysical impairment and disability. Brain Inj. 1997;11:661-75.
6. Dean S, Colantonio S, Ratcliff G, Chase S. Clients' perspectives on problems many years after traumatic brain injury. Psychol Rep. 2000;86:653-8.
7. McFadyen BJ, Swaine B, Dumas D, Durand A. Residual effects of a traumatic brain injury on locomotor capacity: a first study of spatiotemporal patterns during unobstructed and obstructed walking. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003;18:512-25.
8. Niechiej-Szwedo E, Inness EL, Howe JA, Jaglal S, McIlroy WE, Verrier MC. Changes in gait variability during different challenges to mobility in patients with traumatic brain injury. Gait Posture. 2007;25:70-7. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.01.002
9. Basford JR, Chou L, Kaufman K, Brey RH, Walker A, Malec JF, et al. An assessment of gait and balance deficits after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:343-9. doi:10.1053/apmr.2003.50034
10. Chou LS, Kaufman KR, Walker-Rabatan AE, Brey RH, Basford JR. Dynamic instability during obstacle crossing following traumatic brain injury. Gait Posture 2004;20;245-54. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2003.09.007
11. Howe JA, Inness EL, Venturini A, Williams JI, Verrier MC. The Community Balance and Mobility Scale: a balance measure for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2006;20:885-95.
12. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI. The Balance Scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27:27-36.
13. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Maki BE. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health. 1992:83(Suppl.2):S7-11.
14. Bilney B, Morris M, Webster K. Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Gait Posture. 2003;17;68-74. doi:10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00053-X
15. Maki BE. Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:313-20.
16. Hausdorff JM, Rios DA, Edelberg HK. Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:1050-6. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.24893
17. Zar JH. Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall; 1984.
18. Willer B, Rosenthal M, Kreutzer JS, Gordon WA, Rempel R. Assessment of community integration following rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1993;8:75-87. doi:10.1097/00001199-199308020-00009
19. Powell LE, Myers AM. The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. J Gerontol A-Biol. 1995;50A:M28-34.
20. Wright JG, Young NL. A comparison of different indices of responsiveness. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:239-46. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00373-3
21. Colton T. Statistics in medicine. Boston: Little, Brown; 1974.
22. Oberg T, Karsznia A, Oberg K. Basic gait parameters: reference data for normal subjects, 10-79 years of age. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1993;30:210-23.
23. Michael KM, Allen JK, Macko RF. Reduced ambulatory activity after stroke: the role of balance, gait and cardiovascular fitness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1552-6. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.12.026
24. Lerner-Frankiel MB, Vargas, S, Brown M, Krusell L, Schoneberger W. Functional community ambulation: what are your criteria? Clin Manage. 1986;6:12-5.
25. Robinett CS, Vondran MA. Functional ambulation velocity and distance requirements in rural and urban communities. Phys Ther. 1988;9:1371-3.
26. Wade LD, Canning CG, Fowler V, Velmingham K, Baguley IJ. Changes in postural sway and performance of functional tasks during rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:1107-11. doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90136-2
27. Weinstein CJ, Gardner ER, McNeal DR, Bartos PS, Nicholson DE. Standing balance training: effect on balance and locomotion in hemiparetic adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:755-62.
28. Williams G, Robertson V, Greenwood K, Goldie P, Morries ME. The High-level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) for traumatic brain injury, part 1: item generation. Brain Inj. 2005;19:925-32. doi:10.1080/02699050500058687
29. Williams G, Robertson V, Greenwood K, Goldie P, Morries ME. The High-level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) for traumatic brain injury, part 2: content validity and discriminability. Brain Inj. 2005;19:833-43. doi:10.1080/02699050500058711