Perception and knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia about their disease and medication: A qualitative study

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 180-191

  Al Qazaz, Harith Khalid ^a   Hassali, Mohamed Azmi ^a   Shafie, Asrul Akmal ^a   Syed Sulaiman, Syed Azhar ^a   Sundram, Shameni ^b  

^a SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES   (Malaysia)

^b Hospital Balik Pulau   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DRUG COST; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; KNOWLEDGE; MALAYSIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PERCEPTION; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG COSTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; KNOWLEDGE; MALAYSIA; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; PERCEPTION; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH;

EID: 79956268243     PISSN: 15517411     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2010.04.005     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. World Health Organization Diabetes Available at:, Accessed 31.05.09. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/.
2. Grundy S.M., Benjamin I.J., Burke G.L., et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for health care professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 1999, 100:1134-1146.
3. NHM The Third National and Morbidity Survey Available at:, Accessed 23.07.09. http://www.nih.gov.my/NHMS/abstracts_17.html.
4. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin dependent diabetes. N Engl J Med 1993, 90:450-459. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
5. Intensive blood glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type II diabetes. Lancet 1998, 352:837-853. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
6. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:977-986. Group DCaCTR.
7. Vermeire E., Van Royen P., Coenen S., Wens J., Denekens J. The adherence of type 2 diabetes patients to their therapeutic regimens: a qualitative study from the patient's perspective. Pract Diab Int 2003, 20:209-214.
8. Cramer J.A. A systematic review of adherence with medication for diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1218-1224.
9. Feinstein A.R. On white coat effects and the electronic monitoring of compliance. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150:1377-1378.
10. World Health Organization Report on Medication Adherence 2003, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
11. Donovan J.L. Patient decision making. The missing ingredient in compliance research. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1995, 11:443-455.
12. Hardeman W., Johnston M., Johnston D.W., Bonetti D., Wareham N.J., Kinmonth A.L. Application of the theory of planned behaviour in behaviour change interventions: a systematic review. Psychol Health 2002, 17:125-158.
13. Haynes R.B., McKibbon K.A., Kanai R., et al. Interventions to assist patients to follow prescriptions for medications. Lancet 1996, 348:383-386.
14. World Health Organization Adherence to Long Term Therapies: Policy for Action 2001, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
15. Cleemput I., Kesteloot K. A structural model of health behavior: a pragmatic approach to explain and influence health behaviors at the population level. Prev Med 2002, 30:146-154.
16. Anonymous Working Party from Compliance to Concordance: Achieving Shared Goals in Medicine-Taking 1997, Royal Pharmaceutical society of Great Britain, London, UK.
17. Lewin S., Dick J., Zwarenstein M., Lombard C. Staff education and ambulatory tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a cluster randomized control trial in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2005, 83:250-259.
18. Lawton J., Peel E., Parry O., Douglas M. Shifting accountability: a longitudinal qualitative study of diabetes causation accounts. Soc Sci Med 2008, 67:47-56.
19. Vermeire E., Hearnshaw H., Van Royen P., Denekens J. Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research. A comprehensive review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001, 26:331-342.
20. Pope C., Mays N. Qualitative research: reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research. BMJ 1995, 311:42-45.
21. Conrad P. Qualitative research on chronic illness: commentary on method and conceptual development. Soc Sci Med 1990, 30:1257-1263.
22. Berg B. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 2004, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, 15. 5th ed.
23. Smith F. Qualitative Interviews. Research Methods in Pharmacy Practice 2002, Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK, 119-122.
24. Quine S. Interviews. Handbook of Public Health Methods 1998, 522-526. McGraw-Hills, Sydney, Australia. C. Kerr, R. Taylor, G. Heard (Eds.).
25. Patton M. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods 2002, Sage Publication, Thousand Oaks, CA, 243-245. 3rd ed.
26. Morse J. The significance of saturation. Qual Health Res 1995, 5:147-149.
27. McCord E.C., Brandenburg C. Beliefs and attitudes of persons with diabetes. Fam Med 1995, 27:267-271.
28. Maillet N.A., D'Eramo Melkus G., Spollet G. Using focus groups to characterise the health beliefs and practices of black women with noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Diab Educ 1996, 22:39-46.
29. Ooyub S., Ismail F., Daud N. Diabetes program in Malaysia-current and future. NCD Malaysia 2004, 3:6-12.
30. Bloomgarden Z.T., Karmally W., Metzger M.J., et al. Randomized, controlled trial of diabetic patient education: improved knowledge without improved metabolic status. Diabetes Care 1987, 10:263-272.
31. McPherson M.L., Smith S.W., Powers A., Zuckerman I.H. Association between diabetes patients' knowledge about medications and their blood glucose control. Res Soc Adm Pharm 2008, 4:37-45.
32. Sánchez C.D., Newby L.K., McGuire D.K., Hasselblad V., Feinglos M.N., Ohman E.M. Diabetes-related knowledge, atherosclerotic risk factor control, and outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005, 95:1290-1294.
33. Colleran K.M., Starr B., Burge M.R. Putting diabetes to the test: analyzing glycemic control based on patients' diabetes knowledge. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2220-2221.
34. Stallwood L. Relationship between caregiver knowledge and socioeconomic factors on glycemic outcomes of young children with diabetes. J Spec Pediatr Nurs 2006, 11:158-165.
35. Yun L.S., Hassan Y., Aziz N.A., Awaisu A., Ghazali R. A comparison of knowledge of diabetes mellitus between patients with diabetes and healthy adults: a survey from north Malaysia. Patient Educ Counsel 2007, 69:47-54.
36. Berikai P., Meyer P.M., Kazlauskaite R., Savoy B., Kozik K., Fogelfeld L. Gain in patients' knowledge of diabetes management targets is associated with better glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:1587-1589.
37. Gerber B.S., Brodsky I.G., Lawless K.A., et al. Implementation and evaluation of a low-literacy diabetes education computer multimedia application. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:1574-1580.
38. Overland J.E., Hoskins P.L., McGill M.J., Yue D.K. Low literacy: a problem in diabetes education. Diabet Med 1993, 10:847-850.
39. Rothman R., Malone R., Bryant B., Horlen C., DeWalt D., Pignone M. The relationship between literacy and glycemic control in a diabetes disease-management program. Diabetes Educ 2004, 30:263-273.
40. Chao J., Nau D.P., Aikens J.E. Patient-reported perceptions of side effects of antihyperglycemic medication and adherence to medication regimens in persons with diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2007, 29:177-180.
41. Browne D.L., Avery L., Turner B.C., et al. What do patients with diabetes know about their tablets?. Diabet Med 2000, 17:528-531.
42. Horne R., Weinman J., Hankins M. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire: the development and evaluation of a new method for assessing the cognitive representation of medication. Psychol Health 1999, 14:1-24.
43. Horne R. Treatment perceptions and self-regulation. The Self-Regulation of Health and Illness Behavior 2003, 138-153. Routledge, London, UK. Cameron L, Leventhal H (Eds.).
44. Bezie Y., Molina M., Hernandez N., Batista R., Niang S., Huet D. Therapeutic compliance: a prospective analysis of various factors involved in the adherence rate in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2006, 32:611-616.
45. Piette J.D., Heisler M., Wagner T.H. Problems paying out-of-pocket medication costs among older adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:384-391.
46. Rubin R.R. Adherence to pharmacologic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. AmJ Med. 2005, 118(Suppl 5A):27S-34S.
47. Williams A.F., Manias E., Walker R. Adherence to multiple, prescribed medications in diabetic kidney disease: a qualitative study of consumers' and health professionals' perspectives. Int J Nurs Stud 2008, 45:1742-1756.
48. Clifford S., Barber N., Horne R. Understanding different beliefs held by adherers, unintentional nonadherers, and intentional nonadherers: application of the Necessity-Concerns Framework. J Psychosom Res 2008, 64:41-46.
49. Yamakawa M., Makimoto K. Positive experiences of type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients: an exploratory qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2008, 45:1032-1041.
50. Grant R.W., Devita N.G., Singer D.E., Meigs J.B. Polypharmacy and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1408-1412.
51. Vermeire E., Hearnshaw H., Rätsep A., et al. Obstacles to adherence in living with type-2 diabetes: an international qualitative study using meta-ethnography (EUROBSTACLE). Prim Care Diabetes 2007, 1:25-33.
52. Delamater A.M. Improving patient adherence. Clin Diabetes 2006, 24:71-77.
53. Aadil N., Houti I.E., Moussamih S. Drug taking during Ramadan. BMJ 2004, 329:778-782.
54. Lawton J., Ahmad N., Hallowell N., Hanna L., Douglas M. Perceptions and experiences of taking oral hypoglycemic agents among people of Pakistani and Indian origin: qualitative study. BMJ 2005, 330:1247.
55. Von Korff M., Gruman J., Schaefer J., Curry S.J., Wagner E.H. Collaborative management of chronic illness. Ann Intern Med 1997, 127:1097-1102.
56. Bane C., Hughes C.M., Cupples M.E., McElnay J.C. The journey to concordance for patients with hypertension: a qualitative study in primary care. Pharm World Sci 2007, 29:534-540.
57. Delamater A.M., Jacobson A.M., Anderson B.J., et al. Psychosocial therapies in diabetes: report of the Psychosocial Therapies Working Group. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:1286-1292.
58. Glasgow R.E., Toobert D.J. Social environment and regimen adherence among type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1988, 11:377-386.
59. Griffith L.S., Field B.J., Lustman P.J. Life stress and social support in diabetes: association with glycemic control. Int J Psychiatry Med 1990, 20:365-372.