A Decision Framework for Environmentally Induced Migration

International Migration

Volumn 49, Issue SUPPL.1, 2011, Pages

  Renaud, Fabrice G ^a   Dun, Olivia ^b   Warner, Koko ^a   Bogardi, Janos ^a  

^a UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPLEXITY; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION;

EID: 79956196314     PISSN: 00207985     EISSN: 14682435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00678.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Afifi, T. 2010 Economic or environmental migration? The push factors in Niger", International Migration, 49(S1): e95-e124.
2. African Union 2009 "African Union Convention for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa (Kampala Convention)", African Union, available at:, 4 December, 2009.
3. Barnett, J., and N. Adger 2007 Climate Change, human security and violent conflict", Political Geography, 26(6): 639-655.
4. Barnett, J., and M. Webber 2009 "Accomodating migration to promote adaptation to climate change", policy brief prepared for the Secretariat of the Swedish Commission on Climate Change and Development and the World Bank World Development Report 2010 team, The Commission on Climate Change and Development, Stockholm.
5. Bates, D.C. 2002 Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change", Population and Environment, 23(5): 465-477.
6. Biermann, F. 2007 Earth system governance as a crosscutting theme of global change research", Global Environmental Change, 17: 326-337.
7. Biermann, F., and Boas, I. 2008 Protecting climate refugees. The case for a global protocol", Environment, 50(6): 8-16.
8. Black, R. 2001 Environmental refugees: myth or reality?", UNHCR 'New Issues in Refugee Research' Working Paper No. 34 (March), UNHCR, Geneva.
9. Boano, C., R. Zetter, and T. Morris 2008 Environmentally displaced people: understanding the linkages between environment change, livelihoods and forced migration", Forced Migration Policy Briefing Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford.
10. Brown, O. 2008 Migration and climate change", Research Series No. 31, International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
11. Castles, S. 2002 Environmental change and forced migration: making sense of the debate", UNHCR 'New Issues in Refugee Research' Working Paper No. 70 (October), UNHCR, Geneva.
12. Conisbee, M., and A. Simms 2003 Environmental Refugees. The Case for Recognition, New Economics Foundation, London.
13. CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). 2008 EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, availble at .
14. Doevenspeck, M. 2008 The fine line between choice and flight: environmental drivers, socio-economic processes and the perpetuation of migration in rural Benin, West Africa", paper presented at the International Conference on Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability (EFMSV), Bonn, Germany, 9-11 October.
15. Dun, O., F. Gemmene, and R. Stojanov 2007 Environmentally displaced persons: working definitions for the EACH-FOR project" EACH-FOR, available at .
16. Dun, O., and F. Gemenne 2008 Defining environmental migration", Forced Migration Review, 31: 10-11.
17. Ellis, F. 2000 Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18. Ezra, M., and G-E. Kiros 2001 Rural out-migration in the drought prone areas of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis", International Migration Review, 35(3): 749-771.
19. Findley, S.E. 1994 Does drought increase migration? A study of migration from rural Mali during the 1983-1985 drought", International Migration Review, 28(3): 539-553.
20. Gallopín, G.C. 2006 Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity", Global Environmental Change, 16: 293-303.
21. Gemenne, F., and S. Shen 2009 Tuvalu and New Zealand case study report", Environmental Changes and Forced Migration Scenarios (EACH-FOR) Report, EACH-FOR, .
22. Groen, J.A., and A.E. Polivka 2009 "Going home after Hurricane Katrina: determinants of return migration and changes in affected areas", Working Paper 428, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC.
23. Guterres, A. 2008a Millions uprooted: saving refugees and the displaced", Foreign Affairs, 87(5): 90-99.
24. Guterres, A. 2008b Climate Change, natural disasters and human displacement: a UNHCR perspective, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, available at .
25. Hathaway, J.C. 1991 The Law of Refuge Status, Butterworths, Toronto.
26. Henry, S., B. Schoumaker, and C. Beauchemin 2004 The impact of rainfall on the first outmigration: a multi-level event-history analysis in Burkina Faso", Population and Environment, 25(5): 423-460.
27. Hulme, M. 2008 Climate refugees: cause for a new agreement (commentary)", Environment, 50(6): 50-52.
28. IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee). 2006 Protecting Persons Affected by Natural Disasters, IASC Operational Guidelines on Human Rights and Natural Disasters, Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, Washington, DC.
29. IOM (International Organisation for Migration) 2007 Discussion Note: Migration and the Environment (MC/INF/288 - 1 November 2007 - Ninety Fourth Session), International Organization for Migration, Geneva. 14 February.
30. IOM (International Organisation for Migration), et al. 2009 Climate Change, Migration, and Displacement: Impacts, Vulnerability, and Adaptation Options, a joint submission to the 5th session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA 5), Bonn, Germany, 29 March - 8 April.
31. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2007 Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability", contribution of Working Group II to M.L. Parry, et al. (Eds), Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. Kibreab, G. 1997 Environmental causes and impact of refugee movements: a critique of the current debate", Disasters, 21(1): 20-38.
33. Kniveton, D., K. Schmidt-Verkerk, C. Smith, et al. 2008 Climate change and migration: improving methodologies to estimate flows", IOM Migration Research Series No. 33, IOM, Geneva.
34. MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2005a Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington, DC.
35. MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2005b Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Desertification Synthesis, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
36. McGregor, J. 1993 "Refugees and the environment", in R. Black and V. Robinson (Eds), Geography and Refugees: Patterns and Processes of Change, Belhaven, London and New York.
37. Mortreux, C., and J. Barnett 2009 Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu", Global Environmental Change, 19(1): 105-112.
38. Munich Re 2008 Topics Geo Natural Catastrophes 2008. Analyses, Assessments, Positions, Munich Re, Munich, available at .
39. Myers, N. 1993 Environmental refugees in a globally warmed world", Bioscience, 43(11): 752-761.
40. Myers, N. 2002 Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 357: 609-613.
41. Myers, N. 2005 Environmental refugees: an emergent security issue", paper presented at the 13th Economic Forum, Prague, 23-27 May.
42. Naik, A., E. Stigter, and F. Laczko 2007 Migration, development and natural disasters: insights from the Indian Ocean tsunami", IOM Migration Research Series No. 30, International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
43. Oliver-Smith, A. 2003 Theorizing vulnerability in a globalized world: a political ecological perspective" in Bankoff, Frerk and Hilhorst, Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, Earthscan, London: 10-24.
44. Oliver-Smith, A. 2009 Nature, society, and population displacement. Towards an understanding of environmental migration and social vulnerability", InterSecTions, 8. Bonn, UNU-EHS.
45. Renaud, F., J. Bogardi, O. Dun, et al. 2007 "Control, adapt or flee: how to face environmental migration", InterSecTions, 5. Bonn, UNU-EHS.
46. Stal, M., and K. Warner 2009 The way forward. Researching the environment and migration nexus", UNU-EHS Research Brief, Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany.
47. Schwartz, M.L., and J. Notoni 1994 Desertification and Migration: Mexico and the United States, US Commission on Immigration Reform, Washington, DC.
48. Turner II, B.L., R.E. Kasperson, P.A. Matson, et al. 2003 A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(14): 8074-8079.
49. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 2009 Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming barriers: Human Mobility and Development, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
50. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) 2007 Global Environment Outlook GEO4, Environment for Development, UNEP, Nairobi.
51. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2006 Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees: Text of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Text of the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, and Resolution 2198 (XXI), United Nations General Assembly, UNHCR, Geneva, available at: .
52. UNHCHR (United Nations Commission on Human Rights) 1998 The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, available at: .
53. University of Adelaide, Flinders University, and The University of Waikato 2009 Climate change and migration in Asia and the Pacific. Executive Summary - DRAFT version", Asian Development Bank, Manila.
54. Warner, K., T. Afifi, O. Dun, et al. 2008 "Human security, climate change, and environmentally induced migration" in T. Dokos (Ed.), Climate Change: Addressing the Impact on Human Security. Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) and Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Athens.
55. Warner, K., C. Erhart, A. Sherbinin, et al. 2009 In Search of Shelter. Mapping the Effects of Climate Change on Human Migration and Displacement. CARE International, Atlanta.