Effects of very high loads on fatigue life of NR elastomer materials

International Journal of Fatigue

Volumn 33, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1189-1198

  Flamm, M ^a,c   Spreckels, J ^b   Steinweger, T ^a   Weltin, U ^b  

^a Consulting Engineers Flamm ^*  (Germany)

^b HAMBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^c NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Crack growth; Crack initiation; Low cycle fatigue; Miner's rule; Rubber

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATING DIRECTIONS; CRACK FRONTS; CRACK GROWTH; CRACK NUCLEATION; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; ELASTOMER MATERIALS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; FATIGUE FRACTURE; FATIGUE LIFE; FRACTURE SURFACES; HIGH LOAD; LOAD SPECTRUM; LOW CYCLE FATIGUE; MINER'S RULE; NATURAL RUBBER; SEM MICROGRAPHS; WOEHLER CURVE;

EXPERIMENTS; FRACTURE; MINERS; RUBBER;

CRACKS;

EID: 79956133882     PISSN: 01421123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. S.M. Cadwell, R.A. Merril, C.M. Sloman, and F.L. Yost Dynamic fatigue life of rubber Ind Eng Chem 12 1940 19 23
2. Göbel F. Das Verhalten von Gummifedern bei zügiger und wechselnder Beanspruchung, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse bei der federnden Flugmotorenlagerung. Dissertation, Technische Hochschule Berlin; 1940.
3. R.S. Rivlin, and A.G. Thomas Rupture of rubber. I. Characteristic energy for tearing J Polym Sci 10 1953 191 318
4. G.J. Lake Mechanical fatigue of rubber Rubber Chem Technol 45 1972 309 328
5. J.R. Beatty Fatigue of rubber Rubber Chem Technol 37 1964 1341 1364
6. W.V. Mars, and A. Fatemi Factors that affect the fatigue life of rubber: a literature survey Rubber Chem Technol 77 2004 391 412
7. Gent AN. Engineering with rubber, 2nd ed. Muinch: Carl Hanser Verlag; 2001.
8. S. Svensson Testing methods for fatigue properties of rubber Polym Test 2 1981 161 174
9. J. Royo Fatigue testing of rubber materials and articles Polym Test 11 1992 325 344
10. Mars WV. Multiaxial fatigue of rubber. Dissertation. The University of Toledo; 2001.
11. W.V. Mars, and A. Fatemi A literature survey on fatigue analysis approaches for rubber Int J Fatigue 24 2002 949 961 (Pubitemid 34661452)
12. Flamm M. Ein Beitrag zur Betriebsfestigkeitsvorhersage mehraxial belasteter Elastomerbauteile. VDI-Verlag. Düsseldorf; 2003.
13. Saintier N, André N, Cailletaud G, Piques R. Fatigue life prediction of NR components for uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. Paris: International Rubber Conference; 1998. p. 189-91.
14. A.G. Thomas Rupture of rubber. V. Cut growth in natural rubber vulcanizates J Polym Sci 31 1958 467 480
15. A.N. Gent, P.B. Lindley, and A.G. Thomas Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue Rubber Chem Technol 38 1965 292 300
16. G.J. Lake, and P.B. Lindley Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. II. Experiments on a noncrystallizing rubber Rubber Chem Technol 38 1965 301 313
17. Achenbach M. Konzept zur Abschätzung der Dauerfestigkeit von dynamisch hochbeanspruchten Elastomerbauteilen unter Verwendung der klassischen Bruchmechanik und der Finiten Elemente Methode. Bruchmechanik und Lebensdauer von Elastomeren. DIK Hannover; 2002. p. 7.01-7.39.
18. Kaliske M, Näser B, Müller R. Formulation and computation of fracture sensitivity for elastomers. In: Austrell P-E, Kari L editors. Constitutive models for rubber IV. Lisse: Balkema Publisher; 2005. p. 37-43.
19. Näser B, Kaliske M, André M. Durability simulations of elastomeric structures. In: Austrell P-E, Kari L editors. Constitutive models for rubber IV. Lisse: Balkema Publisher; 2005. p. 37-43.
20. Ziegler C, Mehling V, Baaser H, Häuser O. Ermüdung und Risswachstum bei Elastomeren. In: Ed. DVM. Elastomerbauteile DVM-Bericht 676. Berlin; 2009. p. 121-9.
21. Mars WV. Identifying the damageing events in a multiaxial duty cycle. In: Heinrich G, Kaliske M, Lion A, Rese S editors. Constitutive models for rubber VI. Leiden: Balkema Publisher; 2009. p. 261-7.
22. M.A. Miner Cumulative damage in fatigue J Appl Mech 67 1945 159 164
23. Flamm M, Weltin U. Cumulative damage in rubber materials. In Hui D editor. International community for composites engineering and college of engineering. University of New Orleans; 2002. p. 207-8
24. M. Flamm, T. Steinweger, and U. Weltin Schadensakkumulation bei Elastomeren Kaut Gummi Kunstst 55 2002 665 668
25. C. Sun, A.N. Gent, and P. Marteny Effect of fatigue step loading sequence on residual strength Tire Sci Technol 28 2000 196 208
26. Jardin A, Leblond JB, Berghezan D. Beyond miner's rule for fatigue of elastomers: experiment and modelling. In: Heinrich G, Kaliske M, Lion A, Rese S editors. Constitutive models for rubber VI. Leiden: Balkema Publisher; 2009. p. 223-7.
27. L. Mullins Softening of rubber by deformation Rubber Chem Technol 42 1969 339 362
28. Besdo D, Ihlemann J. The effect of softening phenomena in filled rubber during inhomogeneous loading. In: Besdo D, Schuster RH, Ilemann J editors. Constitutive models for rubber II. Lisse: Balkema Publishers; 2001. p. 213-9.
29. M. Klüppel, and J. Schramm A generalized tube model of rubber elasticity and stress softening of filler reinforced elastomer systems Macromol Theory Simul 9 2000 742 754 (Pubitemid 32101843)
30. J. Diani, B. Fayolle, and P. Gilormini A review on the Mullins effect Eur Polym J 45 2009 601 612
31. Böhm RP. Lebensdauer von schubbelasteten Gummikupplungen. Dissertation RWTH Aachen; 2000.
32. A.N. Gent, M. Razzaghi-Kashani, and G.R. Hamed Why do cracks turn sideways? Rubber Chem Technol 76 2003 122 131
33. G.R. Hamed, H.J. Kim, and A.N. Gent Cut growth in vulcanizates of natural rubber, cis-polybutadiene, and a 50/50 blend during single and repeated extension Rubber Chem Technol 69 1996 807 818 (Pubitemid 126631686)
34. E.S. Dizon, A.E. Hicks, and V.E. Chirico The effect of carbon black on the fatigue life of filled rubber compounds Rubber Chem Technol 47 1974 231 249
35. A.G. Thomas Rupture of rubber. II. The strain concentration at an inclusion J Polym Sci 18 1953 177 188
36. W.V. Mars, and A. Fatemi Nucleation and growth of small fatigue cracks in filled natural rubber under multiaxial loading J Mater Sci 41 2006 7324 7332 (Pubitemid 44836117)
37. I.S. Choi, and C.M. Roland Intrinsic defects and the failure properties of cis-1,4-polyisoprenes Rubber Chem Technol 69 1996 591 599 (Pubitemid 126575151)
38. C.M. Roland, and C.R. Smith Defect accumulation in rubber Rubber Chem Technol 58 1985 806 814
39. F. Abraham, G. Clauß, T. Alshuth, and J. Kroll Untersuchung und Simulation des Einflusses von Fehlstellen auf das Risswachstum und die Ermüdung von Elastomeren Kaut Gummi Kunstst 58 2005 595 599 (Pubitemid 41625074)
40. Fukahori Y. Fractography and fracture mechanics in rubber. In: Bhowmick AK, De SK editors. Fractography of rubbery materials. London and New York: Elsevier; 1991. p. 71-99
41. J.R. White Methods of investigation of surface damage A.K. Bhowmick, S.K. De, Fractography of rubbery materials 1991 Elsevier London & New York 33 69
42. A.K. Bhowmick Fatigue failure of rubber A.K. Bhowmick, S.K. De, Fractography of rubbery materials 1991 Elsevier London & New York 101 138
43. J.-B. Le Cam, B. Huneau, E. Verron, and L. Gornet Mechanism of fatigue crack growth in carbon black filled natural rubber Macromolecules 37 2004 5011 5017
44. S. Beurrot, B. Huneau, and E. Verron In-situ SEM study of fatigue crack growth mechanism in carbon black-filled natural rubber G. Heinrich, M. Kaliske, A. Lion, S. Rese, Constitutive models for rubber VI 2009 Balkema publisher Leiden 319 324
45. K. Legorju-Jago, and C. Bathias Fatigue initiation in natural and synthetic rubbers Int J Fatigue 24 2002 85 92 (Pubitemid 34065189)
46. M. Flamm, T. Steinweger, J. Spreckels, and T. Brüger Mechanical properties of EPDM A. Boukamel, L. Laiarinandrasana, S. Meo, E. Verron, Constitutive models for rubber V 2007 Balkema Publisher Lisse 233 238
47. J. Spreckels, U. Weltin, M. Flamm, and T. Steinweger Consideration of environmental influences on fatigue tests of elastomer components G. Heinrich, M. Kaliske, A. Lion, S. Rese, Constitutive Models for Rubber VI 2009 Balkema Publisher Leiden 9 14