Decomposing the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil

Ecological Economics

Volumn 70, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1459-1469

  de Freitas, Luciano Charlita ^a   Kaneko, Shinji ^a  

^a HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Brazil; CO2 emission; Decoupling effect

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; DECOMPOSITION; ECONOMIC GROWTH; EMISSION CONTROL; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; INDEX METHOD; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD;

BRAZIL;

EID: 79956069880     PISSN: 09218009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.011     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ang B.W., Liu F.L. A new energy decomposition method: perfect in decomposition and consistent in aggregation. Energy 2001, 26:537-548.
2. Ang B.W., Liu F.L., Chew E.P. Perfect decomposition techniques in energy and environmental analysis. Energy Policy 2003, 31:1561-1566.
3. Ang B.W. Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy: which is the preferred method?. Energy Policy 2004, 32:1131-1139.
4. Ang B.W. The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide. Energy Policy 2005, 33(7):867-871.
5. Ang B.W., Liu N. Energy decomposition analysis: IEA model versus other methods. Viewpoint, Energy Policy 2007, 35:1426-1432.
6. ANP - National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Authority Monthly Statistical Database Website:, accessed on September 4, 2010. http://www.anp.gov.br/?dw=1045.
7. Anuatti-Neto F., Hochstetler R.L. Brazil's electricity market design: an assessment. TD-E 32/2002 2002, University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
8. Araujo J.L., Ghirardi A. Substitution of petroleum products in Brazil. Energy Policy 1987, 15(1):22-39.
9. 2 emissions: how do different countries fare? The World Bank Environment Department, Climate Change Series. Paper number 113 2007, World Bank, Washington.
10. Baer W., da Fonseca M.A.R., Guilhoto J.J.M. Structural changes in Brazil's industrial economy, 1960-80. World Development 1987, 15(2):275-286.
11. Berman A. Three super-giant fields discovered offshore Brazil. World Oil Online, What's New in Exploration 229 (2) Available at, accessed on October 1, 2010. http://www.worldoil.com/February-2008-Whats-new-in-exploration.html.
12. Brazil Decree no. 5.025 -Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica (Program of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources). Presidency of Republic, April 26, 2004 2004.
13. Bresser-Pereira L. Development and Crisis in Brazil: 1930-1983. Westview Special Studies on Latin America and the Caribbean 1984, Westview, Boulder.
14. Bresser-Pereira L.C. Macroeconomia do Brasil pós-1994. Análise Econômica 2003, 21(40):7-38.
15. Cardoso E., Barros R.P., Urani A. Inflation and unemployment as determinants of inequality in Brazil: the 1980s. Reform, Recovery and Growth: Latin America and the Middle East 1995, 151-175. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Chapter 5. R. Dornbusch, S. Edwards (Eds.).
16. o IAEE's Rio de Janeiro 2010 International Conference, Rio de Janeiro 2010.
17. Climent F., Pardo A. Decoupling factors on the energy-output linkage: the Spanish case. Energy Policy 2007, 35:522-528.
18. DBR - Deutsche Bank Research Brazilian presidential elections - what should we expect? talking point 2010, DB Research, Frankfurt.
19. 2 emissions in the EU manufacturing sector. Energy Economics 2007, 29:636-664.
20. Eletronuclear Eletronuclear Guide of Answers Website:, accessed on October 4, 2010. http://www.eletronuclear.gov.br/perguntas_respostas/GUIA_2009_2.pdf.
21. 2-emissions in energy-intensive industries in Scandinavia. Energy Economics 2007, 29:665-692.
22. EPE - Empresa de Pesquisa Energética National Energy Balance 2009: Ano base 2009/Empresa de Pesquisa Energética 2010, EPE, Rio de Janeiro.
23. EPE - Empresa de Pesquisa Energética Energy Balance 2010 - Data Series Website:, accessed on October 7, 2010. https://ben.epe.gov.br/BENSeriesCompletas.aspx.
24. Fan Y., Liu L., Wu G., Tsai H., Wei Y. Changes in carbon intensity in China: empirical findings from 1980-2003. Ecological Economics 2007, 62:683-691.
25. o IAEE's Rio de Janeiro 2010 International Conference, Rio de Janeiro 2010.
26. Geller H., Lima M.A., Lima M., Pimentel G., Pinhel A. Update on Brazil's national electricity conservation program (PROCEL). Energy for Sustainable Development 2000, 4(2):38-43.
27. GCA - Gaffney, Cline & Associates Exame e Avaliação de dez descobertas e prospectos selecionadas no play do pré-sal em águas profundas na bacia de Santos, Brasil. CG/JW/RLG/C1820.00/GCABA.1914, ANP, C1820 2010, ANP, Rio de Janeiro.
28. Giambiagi F. Do déficit de metas às metas de déficit: a política fiscal do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso-1995/2002 (From Deficit of Targets to Targets of Deficit: A Fiscal Policy of the Fenando Henrique Cardoso Government - 1995/2002). Textos para Discussão 93, BNDES 2002, BNDES, Rio de Janeiro.
29. Gouvello C. Brazil low-carbon country case study: the World Bank Group. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2010, Lead Author, The World Bank, Washington.
30. Hewings G.J.D., Fonseca M., Guilhoto J., Sonis M. Key sectors and structural change in the Brazilian economy: a comparison of alternative approaches and their policy implication. Journal of Policy Modeling 1989, 11(1):67-90.
31. 2 emissions from fuel combustion 2009, OECD/IEA, Paris. 2009 Edition.
32. IMF - International Monetary Fund Global financial stability report: sovereigns, funding, and systemic liquidity 2010, IMF, Washington.
33. IPCC - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, prepared by the national greenhouse gas inventories programme 2006, IGES, Japan. H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, K. Tanabe (Eds.).
34. Jannuzzi G.M. Power sector reforms in Brazil and its impacts on energy efficiency and research and development activities. Energy Policy 2005, 33:1753-1762.
35. 2 emissions from energy use: a multi-country decomposition analysis. World Bank, Extractive Industries for Development Series 11 2009, World Bank, Washington.
36. Kveiborg O., Fosgerau M. Decomposing the decoupling of Danish road freight traffic growth and economic growth. Transport Policy 2007, 14:39-48.
37. La Rovere E.L. Climate change and sustainable development strategies: a Brazilian perspective. Climate Change and Development 2002, OECD, Rio de Janeiro.
38. Langevin, M., 2010. Brazil's big oil play: how this nation is charting national energy security. Journal of Energy Security, September 2010 issue. IAGS, Maryland.
39. Layton M. Brazil's emerging economic power: now investment-grade and why it matters. Discussion Brief, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Brazil Institute 2008, WWICS, Washington.
40. Lu I.J., Lin S.J., Lewis C. Decomposition and decoupling effects of carbon dioxide emission from highway transportation in Taiwan, Germany, Japan and South Korea. Energy Policy 2007, 35:3226-3235.
41. 2 efficiency dynamics of key developing countries. Global Environmental Change 2002, 12:117-126.
42. Ma C., Stern D.I. China's changing energy intensity trend: a decomposition analysis. Energy Economics 2008, 30:1037-1053.
43. Machado G., Schaeffer R. Brazil: a country profile on sustainable energy development 2006, 87-108. The Agency, Vienna, Chapter 5. IEIA-International Atomic Energy Agency (Ed.).
44. Malan P.S., Bonelli R. The Brazilian economy in the seventies: old and new developments. World Development 1977, 5(1/2):19-45.
45. Mazzantia M., Zoboli R. Waste generation, waste disposal and policy effectiveness: evidence on decoupling from the European Union. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2008, 52:1221-1234.
46. MCT - Ministry of Science and Technology Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases (General Information and Preliminary Values). National Communication 2009, MCT, Brasilia.
47. 2 na Economia Brasileira: uma Análise de Decomposição. Revista Brasileira de Energia 2006, 12(2):1-8.
48. o 719, Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada: IPEA, Rio de Janeiro 2000.
49. Menkes, M., 2004. Energy efficiency, public policies and sustainability. Doctoral thesis. University of Brasilia, Sustainable Development Center. UnB: Brasília.
50. Nazmi N. The impact of foreign capital on the Brazilian economy. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 1998, 38(3):483-502.
51. Nogueira D., Alencastro C. Analistas: pré-sal traz riscos ao meio ambiente (Analysts: Pre-salt Brings Risks to the Environment) 2009, O Globo, Environment, Rio de Janeiro.
52. OECD - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Indicators to Measure Decoupling of Environmental Pressure from Economic Growth. Sustainable Development. SG/SD (2002) 1/Final 2002, Website:, accessed on August 28, 2010. http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2002doc.nsf/LinkTo/sg-sd(2002)1-final.
53. Petrobras Understanding the pre-salt, a new frontier Available at:, accessed on October 05, 2010. http://www.petrobras.com.br/minisite/presal/en/a-new-frontier/.
54. Pires A., Schechtm R. A ameaça do pré-sal aos biocombustíve is (The Threat of Pre-salt Biofuels) Website:, accessed on October 15, 2010. http://www.biodieselbr.com/colunistas/convidado/ameaca-pre-sal-biocombustiveis-09-10-08.htm.
55. Rosa L.P., Szklo A.S., Tolmasquim M.T. Searching for Sustainability: The Energy Sector in Brazil. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Latin American Program. Number 260 2002, WWICS, Washington.
56. Rosa L.P., Lomardo L.L.B. The Brazilian energy crisis and a study to support building efficiency legislation. Energy and Buildings 2004, 36:89-95.
57. Sjöström M., Östblom G. Decoupling waste generation from economic growth - a CGE analysis of the Swedish case. Ecological Economics 2010, 69:1545-1552.
58. Szklo A., Cunha R. Brazil: a country profile on sustainable energy development 2006, 17-46. The Agency, Vienna, Chapter 2. IEIA - International Atomic Energy Agency (Ed.).
59. Sorrell S., Lehtonen M., Stapleton L., Pujol J., Champion T. Decoupling of road freight energy use from economic growth in the United Kingdom. Energy Policy 2009, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.007.
60. 2 emissions in the European Union, Japan, USA, China, India and Brazil. Tutu Publications 7/2003 2003, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland, 2003.
61. 2 emissions from fuel combustion in selected countries. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 2009, 11(1-3):47-67.
62. 2 emissions in China: 1957-2000. Energy 2005, 30:73-80.
63. 2 emissions from 1996 to 1999: the relative importance of structural change, intensity change and scale change. Energy Policy 2005, 33(3):319-335.
64. Yamakawa T., Ahmed S., Kelston A.L. The BRICs as drivers of global consumption. BRICs Monthly 09/07. Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research 2009, GS, United Kingdom.
65. Zhang Z. Decoupling China's carbon emissions increase from economic growth: an economic analysis and policy implications. World Development 2000, 28(4):739-752.
66. 2 emission in China, 1991-2006. Energy Policy 2009, 37:767-773.
67. 2 emission over 1991-2006 in China. Ecological Economics 2009, 68:2122-2128.