Clinical manifestations and socio-economic impact of influenza among healthy children in the community

Journal of Infection

Volumn 62, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 379-387

  Esposito, Susanna ^a   Cantarutti, Luigi ^b   Molteni, Claudio Giuseppe ^a   Daleno, Cristina ^a   Scala, Alessia ^a   Tagliabue, Claudia ^a   Pelucchi, Claudio ^c   Giaquinto, Carlo ^c   Principi, Nicola ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri ^*

^c UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Influenza virus; Pediatrics; Respiratory viruses

Indexed keywords

AMINOPENICILLIN; ANTIPYRETIC AGENT; CEPHALOSPORIN; INFLUENZA VACCINE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG COST; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; INFLUENZA VIRUS B; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIOECONOMICS; THROAT CULTURE; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA B VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; NASOPHARYNX; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 79956067357     PISSN: 01634453     EISSN: 15322742     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.02.015     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010, 59:1-62. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2. Nokleby H., Nicoll A. Risk groups and other target groups-preliminary ECDC guidance for developing influenza vaccination recommendations for the season 2010-2011. Euro Surveill 2010, 15. PII: 19525. Available online:, [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Viewarticle.aspx%3fArticled%3d19525.
3. Finland: National Institute for Health and Welfare. Available at:. [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/osastot/roko/roto/finnishvaccinationprogramme09.pdf.
4. Austria: Impfplan 2010 Österreich: korrigiert. Available at: [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.bmgfj.gv.at.
5. Esposito S., Principi N. The rational use of influenza vaccines in healthy children and children with underlying conditions. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009, 22:244-249.
6. Neuzil K.M., Mellen B.G., Wright P.F., Mitchel E.F., Griffin M.R. The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:225-231.
7. Izurieta H.S., Thompson W.W., Kramarz P., Shay D.K., Davis R.L., DeStefano F., et al. Influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:232-239.
8. Chiu S.S., Lau Y.L., Chan K.H., Wong W.H., Peiris J.S. Influenza-related hospitalizations among children in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:2097-2103.
9. Iwane M.K., Edwards K.M., Szilagyi P.G., Walker F.J., Griffin M.R., Weinberg G.A., et al. Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children. Pediatrics 2004, 113:1758-1764.
10. Bhat N., Wright J.G., Broder K.R., Murray E.L., Greenberg M.E., Glover M.J., et al. Influenza-associated deaths among children in the United States, 2003-2004. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:2559-2567.
11. Louie J.K., Schechter R., Honarmand S., Guevara H.F., Shoemaker T.R., Madrigal N.Y. Severe paediatric influenza in California, 2003-2005: implications for immunization recommendations. Pediatrics 2006, 117:e610-e618.
12. Ampofo K., Gesteland P.H., Bender J., Mills M., Daly J., Samore M., et al. Epidemiology, complications, and cost of hospitalization in children with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. Pediatrics 2006, 118:2409-2417.
13. Coffin S.E., Zaoutis T.E., Rosenquist A.B., Heydon K., Herrera G., Bridges C.B., et al. Incidence, complications, and risk factors for prolonged stay in children hospitalized with community-acquired influenza. Pediatrics 2007, 119:740-748.
14. Principi N., Esposito S., Marchisio P., Gasparini R., Crovari P. Socioeconomic impact of influenza on healthy children and their families. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003, 22(Suppl. 10):S207-S210.
15. Heikkinen T., Silvennoinen H., Peltola V., Ziegler T., Vainionpää R., Vuorinen T., et al. Burden of influenza in children in the community. J Infect Dis 2004, 190:1363-1373.
16. Tsolia M.N., Logotheti I., Papadopoulos N.G., Mavrikou M., Spyridis N.P., Drossatou P., et al. Impact of influenza infection in healthy children examined as outpatient and their families. Vaccine 2006, 24:5970-5976.
17. Menniti-Ippolito F., Raschetti R., Da Cas R., Giaquinto C., Cantarutti L. Active monitoring of adverse drug reactions in children. Italian Paediatric Pharmacosurveillance Multicenter Group. Lancet 2000, 355:1613-1614.
18. Nicolosi A., Sturkenboom M., Mannino S., Arpinelli F., Cantarutti L., Giaquinto C. The incidence of varicella in Italian children and correction of a common error in estimating varicella incidence. Epidemiology 2003, 14:99-102.
19. Esposito S., Gasparini R., Bosis S., Marchisio P., Tagliabue C., Tosi S., et al. Clinical and socio-economic impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection on healthy children and their households. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005, 11:933-936.
20. Esposito S., Molteni C.G., Daleno C., Valzano A., Fossali E., Da Dalt L., et al. Clinical importance and impact on the households of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal A/H1N1 influenza virus in healthy children in Italy. Virol J 2010, 7:202.
21. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases 2009, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. 6th ed. R.D. Feigin, J.D. Cherry (Eds.).
22. Esposito S., Bosis S., Niesters H.G., Tremolati E., Sabatini C., Porta A., et al. Impact of human bocavirus on children and their families. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:1337-1342.
23. Esposito S., Molteni C.G., Daleno C., Valzano A., Cesati L., Gualtieri L., et al. Comparison of nasopharyngeal nylon flocked swabs with universal transport medium and rayon-bud swabs with a sponge reservoir of viral transport medium in the diagnosis of paediatric influenza. J Med Microbiol 2010, 59(1):96-99.
24. Normativa Regione Veneto. Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale. DRG versione 24. Bollettino Ufficiale Della Regione Veneto N. 17. 24 Febbraio 2009. Available at: [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.eumed.it/drg/090203_tariffe-drg-veneto.pdf.
25. Influenza surveillance in Europe 2008/2009 2010, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, ECDC, Stockholm, Available at:, [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1005_SUR_influenza-Europe.pdf.
26. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Popolazione comunale per sesso, età e stato civile. Anni 2002-2005. Available at: [accessed 15 01 11]. http://www.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20061211_01/inf0629popolazione_comunale_per_sesso_eta_stato_civile02-05.pdf.
27. Influnet. Available at: [accessed 15.01.11]. http://www.iss.it/iflu.
28. Noyola D.E., Demmler G.J. Effect of rapid diagnosis on management of influenza A infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000, 19:303-307.
29. Esposito S., Marchisio P., Morelli P., Crovari P., Principi N. Effect of a rapid influenza diagnosis. Arch Dis Child 2003, 88:525-526.
30. Principi N., Esposito S. Antigen-based assays for the identification of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus: why and how to use them in pediatrics. Clin Lab Med 2009, 29:649-660.
31. Gordon A., Saborio S., Lopez R., Kuan G., Balmaseda A., Harris E. Clinical attack rate and presentation of pandemic H1N1 influenza versus seasonal influenza A and B in a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 50:1462-1467.