Fatal attacks by American black bear on people: 1900-2009

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 596-603

  Herrero, Stephen ^a   Higgins, Andrew ^b   Cardoza, James E ^c   Hajduk, Laura I ^c   Smith, Tom S ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b Field Headquarters ^*  (Canada)

^c Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife   (United States)

^d BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

American black bear; fatal bear attacks; human black bear conflict; predation on humans; Ursus americanus

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BEAR; COHORT ANALYSIS; CORRELATION; POPULATION SIZE; PREY CAPTURE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

ALASKA; CANADA; UNITED STATES;

URSUS AMERICANUS;

EID: 79955903395     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: 19372817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.72     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Beckmann. J. P., 2009. Bears will be bears. The Wildlife Professional 3: 50-52.
2. Beckmann, J. P., C. W. Lackey, and, J. Berger., 2004. Evaluation of deterrent techniques and dogs to alter behavior of nuisance black bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32: 1141-1146. (Pubitemid 40398748)
3. Demographia and the Public Purpose, Wendell Cox Consultancy. 2001. US population from 1900. Accessed 3 Mar 2010.
4. Eager, J. T., and, M. R. Pelton., 1979. Panhandler black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Report submitted to: United States National Park Service, Southeast Region, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
5. Garneau, D. E., T. Boudreau, M. Keech, and, E. Post., 2008. Habitat use by black bears in relationship to conspecifics and competitors. Mammalian Biology 73: 48-57. (Pubitemid 350251871)
6. Garshelis, D. L., and, H. Hristienko., 2006. State and provincial estimates of American black bear numbers versus assessments of population trend. Ursus 17: 1-7. (Pubitemid 43724764)
7. Gniadek, S. J., and, K. C. Kendall., 1998. A summary of bear management in Glacier National Park, 1960-1994. Ursus 10: 155-159.
8. Gore, M. L., 2004. Comparison of intervention programs designed to reduce human-bear conflict: a literature review. Human Dimensions Research Unit. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
9. Gore, M. L., W. F. Siemer, J. E. Shanahan, D. Schuefele, and, D. J. Decker., 2005. Effects on risk perception of media coverage of a black bear-related human fatality. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33: 507-516. (Pubitemid 41494853)
10. Gore, M. L., B. A. Knuth, P. D. Curtis, and, J. E. Shanahan., 2007. Factors influencing risk perception associated with human-black bear conflict. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 12: 133-136. (Pubitemid 46716993)
11. Gunther, K. A., 1994. Bear management in Yellowstone National Park, 1960-93. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 9: 549-560.
12. Herrero, S., 1970. Human injury inflicted by grizzly bears. Science 170: 593-598.
13. Herrero, S., 1983. Social behaviour of black bears at a garbage dump in Jasper National Park, Alberta. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5: 54-70.
14. Herrero, S., 1985. Bear attacks: their causes and avoidance. Lyons & Burford, New York, New York, USA.
15. Herrero, S., 2002. Bear attacks: their causes and avoidance. Revised edition. Lyons & Burford, New York, New York, USA.
16. Herrero, S., and, A. Higgins., 1995. Fatal injuries inflicted to people by black bears. Pages 75-81 in J. Auger, and H. Black, editors. Proceedings of the 5th Western Black Bear Workshop, Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah, USA.
17. Herrero, S., and, A. Higgins., 1998. Field use of capsicum spray as a bear deterrent. Ursus 10: 533-537.
18. Herrero, S., and, A. Higgins., 1999. Human injuries inflicted by bears in British Columbia: 1960-97. Ursus 11: 209-218.
19. Herrero, S., and, A. Higgins., 2003. Human injuries inflicted by bears in Alberta: 1960-98. Ursus 14: 44-54.
20. Herrero, S., T. Smith, T. D. DeBruyn, K. Gunther, and, C. A. Matt., 2005. From the field: bear habituation to people-safety, risks, and benefits. Wildlife Society Bulletin 3: 362-373. (Pubitemid 40985086)
21. Hristienko, H., and, J. E. McDonald. Jr., 2007. Going into the 21st century: a perspective on trends and controversies in the management of the American black bear. Ursus 18: 72-88. (Pubitemid 46996538)
22. Information Please, Pearson Education. 2010 Infoplease. Accessed 3 Mar 2010.
23. Jordan, R., 1976. Threat behavior of the black bear (Ursus americanus). Page 61 in M. R. Pelton, J. W. Lentfer, and G. E. Folk, editors. Third International Conference on Bear Research and Management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, New Series No. 40, Morges, Switzerland.
24. Knuth, B. A., R. J. Stout, D. J. Decker, and, R. C. Stedman., 1992. Management concepts for improving wildlife population decisions and public communication strategies. Pages 63-74 in Transactions of the 57th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, 27 March-1 April 1992. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
25. McDonald, J. E. Jr., 2003. Bears and moose in Massachusetts: the past, the present and the future possibilities. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 68: 225-234.
26. Middaugh, J. P., 1987. Human injury from bear attacks in Alaska, 1900-1985. Alaska Medicine 29: 121-126.
27. Miller, S., and, V. L. Tutterow., 1998. Characteristics of nonsport mortalities to brown and black bears and human injuries from bears in Alaska. Ursus 11: 239-252.
28. Noyce, K. V., D. L. Garshelis, and, P. L. Coy., 2001. Differential vulnerability of black bears to trap and camera sampling resulting in biases in mark-recapture estimates. Ursus 12: 211-226.
29. Pelton, M. R., 2003. Black bear. Pages 547-555 in, G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and, J. A. Chapman, editors. Wild mammals of North America. Biology, management and conservation. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
30. Safety in Bear Country Society. 2009. Staying safe in bear country [video]. Distribution Access, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
31. Smith, T. S., S. Herrero, T. D. DeBruyn, and, J. M. Wilder., 2008. Efficacy of Bear deterrent Spray in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 72: 640-645. (Pubitemid 351532536)
32. Ternent, M. A., 2008. Effect of lengthening black bear hunting seasons in northeast Pennsylvania on harvest rates of nuisance bears and population size. Proceedings of the Eastern Black Bear Workshop 19: 90-97.
33. The Wildlife Society. 2007. Final TWS position statement: baiting and supplemental feeding of game wildlife species. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
34. Whitlock, S. C., 1950. The black bear as a predator of man. Journal of Mammalogy 31: 135-138.
35. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 2010. Population of Canada by year. Accessed 3 Mar 2010.
36. Williamson, D. F., 2002. In the Black: Status, Management, and Trade of the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) in North America. TRAFFIC North America. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C., USA.
37. Ziegeltrum, G. J., 2004. Efficacy of black bear supplemental feeding to reduce conifer damage in western Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 470-474.