An overview of pharmacotherapy for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Drugs of Today

Volumn 46, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 919-928

  Stasi, Roberto ^a  

^a ST GEORGE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

15 DEOXYSPERGUALIN; ADALIMUMAB; ALEMTUZUMAB; AZATHIOPRINE; BELIMUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CD20 ANTIBODY; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CREATININE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; EPRATUZUMAB; ETANERCEPT; FOSTAMATINIB; IMATINIB; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INFLIXIMAB; INOSINATE DEHYDROGENASE; LEFLUNOMIDE; LYSOSOME ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 2; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY; PREDNISONE; RITUXIMAB; STEROID; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ANCA ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ANTIBODY TITER; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B LYMPHOCYTE; BLADDER CANCER; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CHILL; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CREATININE CLEARANCE; CYTOPENIA; CYTOSTASIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BINDING SITE; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENZYME INHIBITION; FEVER; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION; INJECTION SITE IRRITATION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOPENIA; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG HEMORRHAGE; LUNG INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE; LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT; MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS; PHARYNGITIS; PLASMAPHERESIS; PNEUMOCYSTOSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; PULSATILE DRUG RELEASE; RECURRENCE RISK; RELAPSE; REMISSION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK REDUCTION; SERUM SICKNESS; SOLID TUMOR; SORE THROAT; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TREATMENT DURATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS;

ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 79955883295     PISSN: 16993993     EISSN: 16994019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1358/dot.2010.46.12.1543301     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Jennette, J.C., Falk, R.J. New insight into the pathogenesis of vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008, 20(1): 55-60. (Pubitemid 351339432)
2. De'Oliviera, J., Gaskin, G., Dash, A., Rees, A.J., Pusey, C.D. Relationship between disease activity and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody concentration in long-term management of systemic vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 25(3): 380-9.
3. Finkielman, J.D., Merkel, P.A., Schroeder, D. et al. Antiproteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and disease activity in Wegener granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med 2007, 147(9): 611-9. (Pubitemid 351664480)
4. Watts, R.A., Scott, D.G. Recent developments in the classification and assessment of vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2009, 23(3): 429-43.
5. Weidner, S., Geuss, S., Hafezi-Rachti, S., Wonka, A., Rupprecht, H.D. ANCA-associated vasculitis with renal involvement: An outcome analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004, 19(6): 1403-11. (Pubitemid 38786731)
6. Mahr, A.D. Epidemiological features of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis: Two diseases or one 'anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated vasculitis' entity? APMIS 2009, 117(Suppl. 127): 41-7.
7. Chen, M., Kallenberg, C.G. The environment, geoepidemiology and ANCA-associated vasculitides. Autoimmun Rev 2010, 9(5): A293-8.
8. Mukhtyar, C., Flossmann, O., Hellmich, B., et al. Outcomes from studies of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: A systematic review by the European League Against Rheumatism systemic vasculitis task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2008, 67(7): 1004-10. (Pubitemid 351956664)
9. Little, M.A., Nightingale, P., Verburgh, C.A. et al. Early mortality in systemic vasculitis: Relative contribution of adverse events and active vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010, 69(6): 1036-43.
10. Mukhtyar, C., Lee, R., Brown, D. et al. Modification and validation of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (version 3). Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68(12): 1827-32.
11. Exley, A.R., Bacon, P.A., Luqmani, R.A., Kitas, G.D., Gordon, C., Savage, C.O., Adu, D. Development and initial validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40(2): 371-80. (Pubitemid 27114101)
12. Jayne, D., Rasmussen, N., Andrassy, K. et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med 2003, 349(1): 36-44. (Pubitemid 36765101)
13. Jayne, D.R., Gaskin, G., Rasmussen, N. et al. Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007, 18(7): 2180-8. (Pubitemid 47041083)
14. De Groot, K., Rasmussen, N., Bacon, P.A. et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52(8): 2461-9. (Pubitemid 41117433)
15. Schmitt, W.H., Hagen, E.C., Neumann, I., Nowack, R., Flores-Suarez, L.F., van der Woude, F.J. Treatment of refractory Wegener's granulomatosis with antithymocyte globulin (Antithymocyte globulin): An open study in 15 patients. Kidney Int 2004, 65(4): 1440-8. (Pubitemid 38406986)
16. Mukhtyar, C., Guillevin, L., Cid, M.C. et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68(3): 310-7.
17. Olsen, E.A. The pharmacology of methotrexate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991, 25(2, Pt. 1): 306-18.
18. de Groot, K., Harper, L., Jayne, D.R., et al. Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150(10): 670-80.
19. Walters, G.D., Willis, N.S., Craig, J.C. Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults. A systematic review. BMC Nephrol 2010, 11: 12.
20. National Library of Medicine. Cyclophosphamide. In: Hazardous Substances Data Bank 2003, Available at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./ temp/~TmtXdA:1.(Accessed Nov. 2, 2010).
21. Szpirt, W.M., Heaf, J.G., Petersen, J. Plasma exchange for induction and cyclosporine A for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis - A clinical randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010, Epub ahead of print.
22. Ravindran, V., Watts, R.A. Pulmonary haemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010, 49(7): 1410-2.
23. Klemmer, P.J., Chalermskulrat, W., Reif, M.S., Hogan, S.L., Henke, D.C., Falk, R.J. Plasmapheresis therapy for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with small-vessel vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 42(6): 1149-53. (Pubitemid 37486757)
24. Lapraik, C., Watts, R., Bacon, P. et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of adults with ANCA associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007, 46(10): 1615-6.
25. Jayne, D.R., Lockwood, C.M. Intravenous immunoglobulin as sole therapy for systemic vasculitis. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35(11): 1150-3.
26. Martinez, V., Cohen, P., Pagnoux, C. et al. Intravenous immunoglobulins for relapses of systemic vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label study of twenty-two patients. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 58(1): 308-17.
27. Pagnoux, C., Mahr, A., Hamidou, M.A. et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2008, 359(26): 2790-803.
28. Jayne, D.R. Conventional treatment and outcome of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Cleve Clin J Med 2002, 69(Suppl. 2): SII110-5.
29. Stegeman, C.A., Tervaert, J.W., de Jong, P.E., Kallenberg, C.G. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996, 335(1): 16-20. (Pubitemid 26230808)
30. Stassen, P.M., Tervaert, J.W., Stegeman, C.A. Induction of remission in active anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with mycophenolate mofetil in patients who cannot be treated with cyclophosphamide. Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66(6): 798-802. (Pubitemid 46846700)
31. Joy, M.S., Hogan, S.L., Jennette, J.C., Falk, R.J., Nachman, P.H. A pilot study using mycophenolate mofetil in relapsing or resistant ANCA small vessel vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005, 20(12): 2725-32. (Pubitemid 41672272)
32. Langford, C.A., Talar-Williams, C., Sneller, M.C. Mycophenolate mofetil for remission maintenance in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 51(2): 278-83. (Pubitemid 38468715)
33. Hu, W., Liu, C., Xie, H., Chen, H., Liu, Z., Li, L. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for inducing remission of ANCA vasculitis with moderate renal involvement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008, 23(4): 1307-12. (Pubitemid 351767500)
34. Hiemstra, T., Walsh, M., De Groot, K., et al. Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for maintenance therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis (IMPROVE). Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 2009, 117(Suppl. 127): 77-78, Abst 23.
35. Holle, J.U., Laudien, M., Gross, W.L. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010, 36(3): 507-26.
36. Metzler, C., Miehle, N., Manger, K. et al. Elevated relapse rate under oral methotrexate versus leflunomide for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007, 46(7): 1087-91. (Pubitemid 47050609)
37. Flossmann, O., Baslund, B., Bruchfeld, A. et al. Deoxyspergualin in relapsing and refractory Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68(7): 1125-30.
38. Stasi, R. Rituximab in autoimmune hematologic diseases: Not just a matter of B cells. Semin Hematol 2010, 47(2): 170-9.
39. Keogh, K.A., Wylam, M.E., Stone, J.H., Specks, U. Induction of remission by B lymphocyte depletion in eleven patients with refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52(1): 262-8. (Pubitemid 40129256)
40. Stasi, R., Stipa, E., Del Poeta, G., Amadori, S., Newland, A.C., Provan, D. Long-term observation of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006, 45(11): 1432-6. (Pubitemid 44605482)
41. Jones, R.B., Tervaert, J.W., Hauser, T. et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2010, 363(3): 211-20.
42. Stone, J.H., Merkel, P.A., Spiera, R. et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2010, 363(3): 221-32.
43. Walsh, M., Chaudhry, A., Jayne, D. Long-term follow-up of relapsing/refractory anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis treated with the lymphocyte depleting antibody alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H). Ann Rheum Dis 2008, 67(9): 1322-7.
44. Radford, D.J., Savage, C.O., Nash, G.B. Treatment of rolling neutrophils with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies causes conversion to firm integrin-mediated adhesion. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43(6): 1337-45. (Pubitemid 30416318)
45. Khan, S.B., Cook, H.T., Bhangal, G., Smith, J., Tam, F.W., Pusey, C.D. Antibody blockade of TNF-alpha reduces inflammation and scarring in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2005, 67(5): 1812-20. (Pubitemid 40577716)
46. Little, M.A., Bhangal, G., Smyth, C.L., Nakada, M.T., Cook, H.T., Nourshargh, S., Pusey, C.D. Therapeutic effect of anti-TNF-alpha antibodies in an experimental model of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17(1): 160-9.
47. Booth, A., Harper, L., Hammad, T. et al. Prospective study of TNFalpha blockade with infliximab in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15(3): 717-21. (Pubitemid 38294802)
48. Laurino, S., Chaudhry, A., Booth, A., Conte, G., Jayne, D. Prospective study of TNFalpha blockade with adalimumab in ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis with renal involvement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010, 2010, 25(10): 3307-14.
49. The Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) Research Group. Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(4): 351-61.
50. Daikeler, T., Kotter, I., Bocelli Tyndall, C. et al. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for vasculitis including Behcet's disease and polychondritis: A retrospective analysis of patients recorded in the European Bone Marrow Transplantation and European League Against Rheumatism databases and a review of the literature. Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66(2): 202-7. (Pubitemid 46226055)
51. Kain, R., Firmin, D.A., Rees, A.J. Pathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis associated with autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens: New insights from animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010, 22(1): 15-20.
52. Pallan, L., Savage, C.O., Harper, L. ANCA-associated vasculitis: From bench research to novel treatments. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009, 5(5): 278-86.
53. van Meerten, T., Hagenbeek, A. CD20-targeted therapy: The next generation of antibodies. Semin Hematol 2010, 47(2): 199-210.
54. Schneeweis, C., Rafalowicz, M., Feist, E., Buttgereit, F., Rudolph, P.E., Burmester, G.R., Egerer, K. Increased levels of BLyS and sVCAM-1 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010, 28(1, Suppl. 57): 62-6.
55. Looney, R.J. B cell-targeted therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus: An update on clinical trial data. Drugs 2010, 70(5): 529-40.
56. Hewins, P., Williams, J.M., Wakelam, M.J., Savage, C.O. Activation of Syk in neutrophils by antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies occurs via Fcgamma receptors and CD18. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15(3): 796-808. (Pubitemid 38294811)
57. Smith, J., McDaid, J.P., Bhangal, G. et al. A spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor reduces the severity of established glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 21(2): 231-6.
58. Paniagua, R.T., Sharpe, O., Ho, P.P. et al. Selective tyrosine kinase inhibition by imatinib mesylate for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis. J Clin Invest 2006, 116(10): 2633-42. (Pubitemid 44511627)
59. Kalsch, A.I., Soboletzki, M., Schmitt, W.H., van der Woude, F.J., Hochhaus, A., Yard, B.A., Birck, R. Imatinib mesylate, a new kid on the block for the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies-associated vasculitis? Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 151(3): 391-8.
60. Paust, H.J., Turner, J.E., Steinmetz, O.M. et al. The IL-23/Th17 axis contributes to renal injury in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20(5): 969-79.
61. Gan, P.Y., Steinmetz, O.M., Tan, D.S. et al. Th17 cells promote autoimmune anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 21(6): 925-31.
62. van der Heijden, J.W., Oerlemans, R., Lems, W.F., Scheper, R.J., Dijkmans, B.A., Jansen, G. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibits the release of NFkappaB-inducible cytokines and induces apoptosis of activated T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009, 27(1): 92-8.
63. Neubert, K., Meister, S., Moser, K. et al. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis. Nat Med 2008, 14(7): 748-55. (Pubitemid 351951516)