메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 3-15

Choline and betaine in health and disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5,10 METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (FADH2); BETAINE; CARBON; CHOLINE; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN;

EID: 79955864329     PISSN: 01418955     EISSN: 15732665     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9088-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (455)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 73149092115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Abdelmalek MF, Sanderson SO, Angulo P et al (2009) Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 50:1818-1826
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 1818-1826
    • Abdelmalek, M.F.1    Sanderson, S.O.2    Angulo, P.3
  • 2
    • 33750481237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline concentration in normal blood donor and cardiac troponin-positive plasma samples [8]
    • DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.074369
    • Adamczyk M, Brashear RJ, Mattingly PG (2006) Choline concentration in normal blood donor and cardiac troponin-positive plasma samples. Clin Chem 52:2123-2124 (Pubitemid 44658223)
    • (2006) Clinical Chemistry , vol.52 , Issue.11 , pp. 2123-2124
    • Adamczyk, M.1    Brashear, R.J.2    Mattingly, P.G.3
  • 3
    • 0027671303 scopus 로고
    • Plasma progesterone, estradiol-17 beta and testosterone in maternal and cord blood, and maternal human chorionic gonadotropin at parturition
    • Adeyemo O, Jeyakumar H (1993) Plasma progesterone, estradiol-17 beta and testosterone in maternal and cord blood, and maternal human chorionic gonadotropin at parturition. Afr J Med Med Sci 22:55-60
    • (1993) Afr J Med Med Sci , vol.22 , pp. 55-60
    • Adeyemo, O.1    Jeyakumar, H.2
  • 4
    • 6444234406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of low doses of betaine on plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteers
    • DOI 10.1079/BJN20041253
    • Alfthan G, Tapani K, Nissinen K, Saarela J, Aro A (2004) The effect of low doses of betaine on plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr 92:665-669 (Pubitemid 39406649)
    • (2004) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 665-669
    • Alfthan, G.1    Tapani, K.2    Nissinen, K.3    Saarela, J.4    Aro, A.5
  • 5
    • 0027515431 scopus 로고
    • Serum betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine and N-methylglycine levels in patients with cobalamin and folate deficiency and related inborn errors of metabolism
    • DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90198-W
    • Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J (1993) Serum betaine, N, N-dimethylglycine and N-methylglycine levels in patients with cobalamin and folate deficiency and related inborn errors of metabolism. Metabolism 42:1448-1460 (Pubitemid 23335879)
    • (1993) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental , vol.42 , Issue.11 , pp. 1448-1460
    • Allen, R.H.1    Stabler, S.P.2    Lindenbaum, J.3
  • 7
    • 60849087399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SIT1 is a betaine/proline transporter that is activated in mouse eggs after fertilization and functions until the 2-cell stage
    • Anas MK, Lee MB, Zhou C et al (2008) SIT1 is a betaine/proline transporter that is activated in mouse eggs after fertilization and functions until the 2-cell stage. Development 135:4123-4130
    • (2008) Development , vol.135 , pp. 4123-4130
    • Anas, M.K.1    Lee, M.B.2    Zhou, C.3
  • 9
    • 0020656938 scopus 로고
    • Betaine, metabolic by-product or vital methylating agent?
    • Barak AJ, Tuma DJ (1983) Betaine, metabolic by-product or vital methylating agent? Life Sci 32:771-774
    • (1983) Life Sci , vol.32 , pp. 771-774
    • Barak, A.J.1    Tuma, D.J.2
  • 10
    • 0030199376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine, ethanol, and the liver: A review
    • DOI 10.1016/0741-8329(96)00030-4
    • Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Tuma DJ (1996) Betaine, ethanol, and the liver: a review. Alcohol 13:395-398 (Pubitemid 26286256)
    • (1996) Alcohol , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-398
    • Barak, A.J.1    Beckenhauer, H.C.2    Tuma, D.J.3
  • 12
  • 13
    • 34547750947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Bidulescu A, Chambless LE, Siega-Riz AM, Zeisel SH, Heiss G (2007) Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 7:20
    • (2007) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.7 , pp. 20
    • Bidulescu, A.1    Chambless, L.E.2    Siega-Riz, A.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4    Heiss, G.5
  • 14
    • 62149099618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability and measurement error in the assessment of choline and betaine dietary intake: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Bidulescu A, Chambless LE, Siega-Riz AM, Zeisel SH, Heiss G (2009) Repeatability and measurement error in the assessment of choline and betaine dietary intake: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Nutr J 8:14
    • (2009) Nutr J , vol.8 , pp. 14
    • Bidulescu, A.1    Chambless, L.E.2    Siega-Riz, A.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4    Heiss, G.5
  • 16
    • 0022398691 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferases in rat brain
    • Blusztajn JK, Zeisel SH, Wurtman RJ (1985) Developmental changes in the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferases in rat brain. Biochem J 232:505-511 (Pubitemid 16210785)
    • (1985) Biochemical Journal , vol.232 , Issue.2 , pp. 505-511
    • Blusztajn, J.K.1    Zeisel, S.H.2    Wurtman, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 67349107484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline for diagnosis and prognostication of acute coronary syndromes in the Emergency Department
    • Body R, Griffith CA, Keevil B et al (2009) Choline for diagnosis and prognostication of acute coronary syndromes in the Emergency Department. Clin Chim Acta 404:89-94
    • (2009) Clin Chim Acta , vol.404 , pp. 89-94
    • Body, R.1    Griffith, C.A.2    Keevil, B.3
  • 19
    • 34548136569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine, cysteine, and related metabolites in maternal and fetal plasma in preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318123fba2, PII 0000645020070900000018
    • Braekke K, Ueland PM, Harsem NK, Karlsen A, Blomhoff R, Staff AC (2007) Homocysteine, cysteine, and related metabolites in maternal and fetal plasma in preeclampsia. Pediatr Res 62:319-324 (Pubitemid 47301483)
    • (2007) Pediatric Research , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-324
    • Braekke, K.1    Ueland, P.M.2    Harsem, N.K.3    Karlsen, A.4    Blomhoff, R.5    Staff, A.C.6
  • 20
    • 0020063298 scopus 로고
    • Lecithin and memory training in suspected Alzheimer's disease
    • Brinkman SD, Smith RC, Meyer JS et al (1982) Lecithin and memory training in suspected Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol 37:4-9 (Pubitemid 12215923)
    • (1982) Journals of Gerontology , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-9
    • Brinkman, S.D.1    Smith, R.C.2    Meyer, J.S.3
  • 21
    • 0028789050 scopus 로고
    • Choline deficiency: A cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline supplementation
    • Buchman AL, Dubin MD, Moukarzel AA et al (1995) Choline deficiency: a cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline supplementation. Hepatology 22:1399-1403
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 1399-1403
    • Buchman, A.L.1    Dubin, M.D.2    Moukarzel, A.A.3
  • 22
    • 43149110398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular organic osmolytes: Function and regulation
    • Burg MB, Ferraris JD (2008) Intracellular organic osmolytes: function and regulation. J Biol Chem 283:7309-7313
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 7309-7313
    • Burg, M.B.1    Ferraris, J.D.2
  • 26
    • 38849089897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women
    • DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0683
    • Cho EY, Holmes M, Hankinson SE, Willett WC (2007b) Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2787-2790 (Pubitemid 351196339)
    • (2007) Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 2787-2790
    • Cho, E.1    Holmes, M.2    Hankinson, S.E.3    Willett, W.C.4
  • 27
    • 0027256637 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of changes in nucleic acid methylation and gene expression induced in rat liver by severe dietary methyl deficiency
    • Christman JK, Sheikhnejad G, Dizik M, Abileah S, Wainfan E (1993) Reversibility of changes in nucleic acid methylation and gene expression induced in rat liver by severe dietary methyl deficiency. Carcinogenesis 14:551-557 (Pubitemid 23149981)
    • (1993) Carcinogenesis , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 551-557
    • Christman, J.K.1    Sheikhnejad, G.2    Dizik, M.3    Abileah, S.4    Wainfan, E.5
  • 28
    • 0029028972 scopus 로고
    • Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectrocospy study
    • Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Stoll AL, Wurtman RJ, Yurgelun-Todd D, Babb SM (1995) Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectrocospy study. JAMA 274:902-907
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 902-907
    • Cohen, B.M.1    Renshaw, P.F.2    Stoll, A.L.3    Wurtman, R.J.4    Yurgelun-Todd, D.5    Babb, S.M.6
  • 29
    • 0018092368 scopus 로고
    • Carrier mediated blood-brain barrier transport of choline and certain choline analogs
    • Cornford EM, Braun LD, Oldendorf WH (1978) Carrier mediated blood-brain barrier transport of choline and certain choline analogs. J Neurochem 30:299-308 (Pubitemid 8283789)
    • (1978) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-308
    • Cornford, E.M.1    Braun, L.D.2    Oldendorf, W.H.3
  • 30
    • 0020074781 scopus 로고
    • Developmental modulations of blood-brain barrier permeability as an indicator of changing nutritional requirements in the brain
    • Cornford EM, Braun LD, Oldendorf WH (1982) Developmental modulations of blood-brain barrier permeability as an indicator of changing nutritional requirements in the brain. Pediatr Res 16:324-328 (Pubitemid 12145397)
    • (1982) Pediatric Research , vol.16 , Issue.4 I , pp. 324-328
    • Cornford, E.M.1    Braun, L.D.2    Oldendorf, W.H.3
  • 31
    • 3042696730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase in choline-deficient humans: Mechanistic studies in C2C12 mouse myoblasts
    • daCosta KA, Badea M, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH (2004) Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase in choline-deficient humans: mechanistic studies in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Am J Clin Nutr 80:163-170
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 163-170
    • DaCosta, K.A.1    Badea, M.2    Fischer, L.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 32
    • 14544279412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load
    • da Costa KA, Gaffney CE, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH (2005) Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load. Am J Clin Nutr 81:440-444
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.81 , pp. 440-444
    • Da Costa, K.A.1    Gaffney, C.E.2    Fischer, L.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 35
    • 40549104526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women
    • Dalmeijer GW, Olthof MR, Verhoef P, Bots ML, van der Schouw YT (2007) Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women. Eur J Clin Nutr 62(3):386-394
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 386-394
    • Dalmeijer, G.W.1    Olthof, M.R.2    Verhoef, P.3    Bots, M.L.4    Van Der Schouw, Y.T.5
  • 36
    • 34347404326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole blood choline and plasma choline in acute coronary syndromes: Prognostic and pathophysiological implications
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2007.05.001, PII S0009898107002811
    • Danne O, Lueders C, Storm C, Frei U, Mockel M (2007) Whole blood choline and plasma choline in acute coronary syndromes: prognostic and pathophysiological implications. Clin Chim Acta 383:103-109 (Pubitemid 47018253)
    • (2007) Clinica Chimica Acta , vol.383 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 103-109
    • Danne, O.1    Lueders, C.2    Storm, C.3    Frei, U.4    Mockel, M.5
  • 39
    • 0019987552 scopus 로고
    • Memory decline in the aged: Treatment with lecithin and physostigmine
    • Drachman DA, Glosser G, Fleming P, Longenecker G (1982) Memory decline in the aged: treatment with lecithin and physostigmine. Neurology 32:944-950 (Pubitemid 12049455)
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 944-950
    • Drachman, D.A.1    Glosser, G.2    Fleming, P.3    Longenecker, G.4
  • 40
    • 64949110935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: Results from a randomized clinical trial
    • Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW et al (2009) Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 101:432-435
    • (2009) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.101 , pp. 432-435
    • Figueiredo, J.C.1    Grau, M.V.2    Haile, R.W.3
  • 41
    • 0036549286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perturbations in choline metabolism cause neural tube defects in mouse embryos in vitro
    • Fisher MC, Zeisel SH, Mar MH, Sadler TW (2002) Perturbations in choline metabolism cause neural tube defects in mouse embryos in vitro. Faseb J 16:619-621
    • (2002) Faseb J , vol.16 , pp. 619-621
    • Fisher, M.C.1    Zeisel, S.H.2    Mar, M.H.3    Sadler, T.W.4
  • 42
    • 16244362738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ad libitum choline intake in healthy individuals meets or exceeds the proposed adequate intake level
    • Fischer LM, Scearce JA, Mar MH et al (2005) Ad libitum choline intake in healthy individuals meets or exceeds the proposed adequate intake level. J Nutr 135:826-829
    • (2005) J Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 826-829
    • Fischer, L.M.1    Scearce, J.A.2    Mar, M.H.3
  • 43
    • 34248348719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient cholin
    • Fischer LM, Dacosta KA, Kwock L et al (2007) Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient cholin. Am J Clin Nutr 85:1275-1285
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.85 , pp. 1275-1285
    • Fischer, L.M.1    Dacosta, K.A.2    Kwock, L.3
  • 45
    • 34848881628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale population-based metabolic phenotyping of thirteen genetic polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism
    • DOI 10.1002/humu.20522
    • Fredriksen A, Meyer K, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Grotmol T, Schneede J (2007) Large-scale population-based metabolic phenotyping of thirteen genetic polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism. Hum Mutat 28:856-865 (Pubitemid 47579935)
    • (2007) Human Mutation , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 856-865
    • Fredriksen, A.1    Meyer, K.2    Ueland, P.M.3    Vollset, S.E.4    Grotmol, T.5    Schneede, J.6
  • 46
    • 0028818981 scopus 로고
    • Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet
    • Garner SC, Mar MH, Zeisel SH (1995) Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet. J Nutr 125:2851-2858
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 2851-2858
    • Garner, S.C.1    Mar, M.H.2    Zeisel, S.H.3
  • 47
    • 56049102848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of 56 polymorphisms in 17 genes involved in methionine metabolism in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
    • Giusti B, Saracini C, Bolli P et al (2008) Genetic analysis of 56 polymorphisms in 17 genes involved in methionine metabolism in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Med Genet 45:721-730
    • (2008) J Med Genet , vol.45 , pp. 721-730
    • Giusti, B.1    Saracini, C.2    Bolli, P.3
  • 48
    • 33750435528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic targets and biomarkers identified in cancer choline phospholipid metabolism
    • DOI 10.2217/14622416.7.7.1109
    • Glunde K, Serkova NJ (2006) Therapeutic targets and biomarkers identified in cancer choline phospholipid metabolism. Pharmacogenomics 7:1109-1123 (Pubitemid 44644788)
    • (2006) Pharmacogenomics , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 1109-1123
    • Glunde, K.1    Serkova, N.J.2
  • 50
    • 4944244022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural control of hepatic osmolytes and parenchymal cell hydration
    • Haussinger D (2004) Neural control of hepatic osmolytes and parenchymal cell hydration. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 280:893-900
    • (2004) Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol , vol.280 , pp. 893-900
    • Haussinger, D.1
  • 51
    • 34547829022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolic pathway and risk of colorectal adenoma in the Nurses' Health Study
    • DOI 10.1093/carcin/bgm062
    • Hazra A, Wu K, Kraft P, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Hunter DJ (2007) Twenty-four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the onecarbon metabolic pathway and risk of colorectal adenoma in the Nurses' Health Study. Carcinogenesis 28:1510-1519 (Pubitemid 47243540)
    • (2007) Carcinogenesis , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1510-1519
    • Hazra, A.1    Wu, K.2    Kraft, P.3    Fuchs, C.S.4    Giovannucci, E.L.5    Hunter, D.J.6
  • 52
    • 0033730997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT): Genomic sequencing and relevance to hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular disease in humans
    • Heil SG, Lievers KJ, Boers GH et al (2000) Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT): genomic sequencing and relevance to hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular disease in humans. Mol Genet Metab 71:511-519
    • (2000) Mol Genet Metab , vol.71 , pp. 511-519
    • Heil, S.G.1    Lievers, K.J.2    Boers, G.H.3
  • 54
    • 34147162422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the homocysteine-betaine relationship by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C->T genotypes and B-vitamin status in a large-scale epidemiological study
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.2006-1471
    • Holm PI, Hustad S, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Grotmol T, Schneede J (2007) Modulation of the homocysteine-betaine relationship by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C->T genotypes and B-vitamin status in a large-scale epidemiological study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:1535-1541 (Pubitemid 46556436)
    • (2007) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 1535-1541
    • Holm, P.I.1    Hustad, S.2    Ueland, P.M.3    Vollset, S.E.4    Grotmol, T.5    Schneede, J.6
  • 56
    • 34248373648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential for phospholipase D as a new therapeutic target
    • DOI 10.1517/14728222.11.5.707
    • Huang P, Frohman MA (2007) The potential for phospholipase D as a new therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 11:707-716 (Pubitemid 46730084)
    • (2007) Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 707-716
    • Huang, P.1    Frohman, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 34247589073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T polymorphism as a modulator of a B vitamin network with major effects on homocysteine metabolism
    • DOI 10.1086/513520
    • Hustad S, Midttun O, Schneede J, Vollset SE, Grotmol T, Ueland PM (2007) The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C->T polymorphism as a modulator of a B vitamin network with major effects on homocysteine metabolism. Am J Hum Genet 80:846-855 (Pubitemid 46668453)
    • (2007) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 846-855
    • Hustad, S.1    Midttun, O.2    Schneede, J.3    Vollset, S.E.4    Grotmol, T.5    Ueland, P.M.6
  • 58
    • 33645962844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline kinase: An important target for cancer
    • Janardhan S, Srivani P, Sastry GN (2006) Choline kinase: an important target for cancer. Curr Med Chem 13:1169-1186
    • (2006) Curr Med Chem , vol.13 , pp. 1169-1186
    • Janardhan, S.1    Srivani, P.2    Sastry, G.N.3
  • 59
    • 66549105699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk: Prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites
    • Johansson M, Van Guelpen B, Vollset SE et al (2009) One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk: prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:1538-1543
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 1538-1543
    • Johansson, M.1    Van Guelpen, B.2    Vollset, S.E.3
  • 60
    • 11244327723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic regulation of renal betaine transport: Transcription and beyond
    • DOI 10.1007/s00424-004-1338-6
    • Kempson SA, Montrose MH (2004) Osmotic regulation of renal betaine transport: transcription and beyond. Pflugers Arch 449:227-234 (Pubitemid 40064614)
    • (2004) Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology , vol.449 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-234
    • Kempson, S.A.1    Montrose, M.H.2
  • 61
    • 0034752223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks
    • DOI 10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00410-X, PII S109564330100410X
    • Kettunen H, Tiihonen K, Peuranen S, Saarinen MT, Remus JC (2001) Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130:759-769 (Pubitemid 33016673)
    • (2001) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 759-769
    • Kettunen, H.1    Tiihonen, K.2    Peuranen, S.3    Saarinen, M.T.4    Remus, J.C.5
  • 62
    • 33845676630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.08.024, PII S0168827806005460
    • Kharbanda KK, Mailliard ME, Baldwin CR, Beckenhauer HC, Sorrell MF, Tuma DJ (2007) Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway. J Hepatol 46:314-321 (Pubitemid 44959154)
    • (2007) Journal of Hepatology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 314-321
    • Kharbanda, K.K.1    Mailliard, M.E.2    Baldwin, C.R.3    Beckenhauer, H.C.4    Sorrell, M.F.5    Tuma, D.J.6
  • 64
    • 53349089592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: Point
    • Kim YI (2008) Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: point. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:2220-2225
    • (2008) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.17 , pp. 2220-2225
    • Kim, Y.I.1
  • 66
    • 27644581598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans
    • Kohlmeier M, daCosta KA, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH (2005) Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans. Proc Nat Acad Sci Usa 102:16025-16030
    • (2005) Proc Nat Acad Sci Usa , vol.102 , pp. 16025-16030
    • Kohlmeier, M.1    DaCosta, K.A.2    Fischer, L.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 67
    • 42449163324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent associations of plasma choline and betaine with components of metabolic syndrome in middle age and elderly men and women
    • Konstantinova SV, Tell GS, Vollset SE, Nygard O, Bleie O, Ueland PM (2008a) Divergent associations of plasma choline and betaine with components of metabolic syndrome in middle age and elderly men and women. J Nutr 138:914-920 (Pubitemid 351571592)
    • (2008) Journal of Nutrition , vol.138 , Issue.5 , pp. 914-920
    • Konstantinova, S.V.1    Tell, G.S.2    Vollset, S.E.3    Nygard, O.4    Bleie, O.5    Ueland, P.M.6
  • 68
    • 57449098893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women
    • Konstantinova SV, Tell GS, Vollset SE, Ulvik A, Drevon CA, Ueland PM (2008b) Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 88:1663-1669
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 1663-1669
    • Konstantinova, S.V.1    Tell, G.S.2    Vollset, S.E.3    Ulvik, A.4    Drevon, C.A.5    Ueland, P.M.6
  • 69
  • 71
    • 65349097911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising gestational choline intake alters gene expression in DMBA-evoked mammary tumors and prolongs survival
    • Kovacheva VP, Davison JM, Mellott TJ et al (2009) Raising gestational choline intake alters gene expression in DMBA-evoked mammary tumors and prolongs survival. Faseb J 23:1054-1063
    • (2009) Faseb J , vol.23 , pp. 1054-1063
    • Kovacheva, V.P.1    Davison, J.M.2    Mellott, T.J.3
  • 73
    • 34848884233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and significance of cell volume regulation
    • Lang F (2007) Mechanisms and significance of cell volume regulation. J Am Coll Nutr 26:613S-623S
    • (2007) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.26
    • Lang, F.1
  • 74
    • 68749095208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of elevations in serum choline and free F2-isoprostane to predict 30-day cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
    • LeLeiko RM, Vaccari CS, Sola S et al (2009) Usefulness of elevations in serum choline and free F2)-isoprostane to predict 30-day cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 104:638-643
    • (2009) Am J Cardiol , vol.104 , pp. 638-643
    • LeLeiko, R.M.1    Vaccari, C.S.2    Sola, S.3
  • 75
    • 9644301171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N,N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic
    • DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.07.007, PII S0026049504003014
    • Lever M, George PM, Dellow WJ, Scott RS, Chambers ST (2005) Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N, N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic. Metabolism 54:1-14 (Pubitemid 39572451)
    • (2005) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Lever, M.1    George, P.M.2    Dellow, W.J.3    Scott, R.S.4    Chambers, S.T.5
  • 76
    • 0019957496 scopus 로고
    • Lecithin in Alzheimer's disease
    • Levy R (1982) Lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2:671-672
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 671-672
    • Levy, R.1
  • 77
    • 35748958734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmosignaling and volume regulation in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Lim CH, Bot AG, de Jonge HR, Tilly BC (2007) Osmosignaling and volume regulation in intestinal epithelial cells. Methods Enzymol 428:325-342
    • (2007) Methods Enzymol , vol.428 , pp. 325-342
    • Lim, C.H.1    Bot, A.G.2    De Jonge, H.R.3    Tilly, B.C.4
  • 78
    • 0022974883 scopus 로고
    • Choline oxidation and choline dehydrogenase
    • Lin CS, Wu RD (1986) Choline oxidation and choline dehydrogenase. J Protein Chem 5:193-200
    • (1986) J Protein Chem , vol.5 , pp. 193-200
    • Lin, C.S.1    Wu, R.D.2
  • 81
    • 67650888885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation attenuates atherosclerotic lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
    • Lv S, Fan R, Du Y et al (2009) Betaine supplementation attenuates atherosclerotic lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Eur J Nutr 48:205-212
    • (2009) Eur J Nutr , vol.48 , pp. 205-212
    • Lv, S.1    Fan, R.2    Du, Y.3
  • 82
    • 33747837807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of evidence for a causal relationship between dietary availability of choline during development and cognitive function in offspring
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.12.003, PII S0149763406000029
    • McCann JC, Hudes M, Ames BN (2006) An overview of evidence for a causal relationship between dietary availability of choline during development and cognitive function in offspring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30:696-712 (Pubitemid 44294477)
    • (2006) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 696-712
    • McCann, J.C.1    Hudes, M.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 83
    • 0034999383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590062267.x
    • McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST (2001) Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int 59:2267-2272 (Pubitemid 32467620)
    • (2001) Kidney International , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 2267-2272
    • McGregor, D.O.1    Dellow, W.J.2    Lever, M.3    George, P.M.4    Robson, R.A.5    Chambers, S.T.6
  • 84
    • 0036189383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x
    • McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Robson RA, Lever M, George PM, Chambers ST (2002) Betaine supplementation decreases postmethionine hyperhomocysteinernia in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 61:1040-1046 (Pubitemid 34175473)
    • (2002) Kidney International , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 1040-1046
    • McGregor, D.O.1    Dellow, W.J.2    Robson, R.A.3    Lever, M.4    George, P.M.5    Chambers, S.T.6
  • 85
    • 0021832359 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography
    • DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(85)90267-0
    • McMahon KE, Farrell PM (1985) Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 149:1-12 (Pubitemid 15054598)
    • (1985) Clinica Chimica Acta , vol.149 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • McMahon, K.E.1    Farrell, P.M.2
  • 86
    • 0033884107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral betaine glucuronate in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled prospective clinical study
    • Miglio F, Rovati LC, Santoro A, Setnikar I (2000) Efficacy and safety of oral betaine glucuronate in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled prospective clinical study. Arzneimittelforschung 50:722-727
    • (2000) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.50 , pp. 722-727
    • Miglio, F.1    Rovati, L.C.2    Santoro, A.3    Setnikar, I.4
  • 88
    • 44449125798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an optimized multimarker strategy for early risk assessment of patients with acute coronary syndromes
    • Mockel M, Danne O, Muller R et al (2008) Development of an optimized multimarker strategy for early risk assessment of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chim Acta 393:103-109
    • (2008) Clin Chim Acta , vol.393 , pp. 103-109
    • Mockel, M.1    Danne, O.2    Muller, R.3
  • 89
    • 0019189128 scopus 로고
    • Choline chloride effects on memory: Correlation with the effects of physostigmine
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90071-2
    • Mohs RC, Davis KL (1980) Choline chloride effects on memory: correlation with the effects of physostigmine. Psychiatry Res 2:149-156 (Pubitemid 10073887)
    • (1980) Psychiatry Research , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-156
    • Mohs, R.C.1    Davis, K.L.2
  • 92
    • 65349109924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of breast cancers and therapy response by MRS and quantitative gene expression profiling in the choline pathway
    • Morse DL, Carroll D, Day S et al (2009) Characterization of breast cancers and therapy response by MRS and quantitative gene expression profiling in the choline pathway. NMR Biomed 22:114-127
    • (2009) NMR Biomed , vol.22 , pp. 114-127
    • Morse, D.L.1    Carroll, D.2    Day, S.3
  • 93
    • 14944349267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell survival in the hostile environment of the renal medulla
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.031103.154456
    • Neuhofer W, Beck FX (2005) Cell survival in the hostile environment of the renal medulla. Annu Rev Physiol 67:531-555 (Pubitemid 40404500)
    • (2005) Annual Review of Physiology , vol.67 , pp. 531-555
    • Neuhofer, W.1    Beck, F.-X.2
  • 94
    • 30744479491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary choline deficiency alters global and gene-specific DNA methylation in the developing hippocampus of mouse fetal brains
    • DOI 10.1096/fj.05-4707com
    • Niculescu MD, Craciunescu CN, Zeisel SH (2006) Dietary choline deficiency alters global and gene-specific DNA methylation in the developing hippocampus of mouse fetal brains. Faseb J 20:43-49 (Pubitemid 43100474)
    • (2006) FASEB Journal , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Niculescu, M.D.1    Craciunescu, C.N.2    Zeisel, S.H.3
  • 98
    • 26244461268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyperosmotic conditions on the expression of the betaine-GABA-transporter (BGT-1) in cultured mouse astrocytes
    • DOI 10.1007/s11064-005-6879-3
    • Olsen M, Sarup A, Larsson OM, Schousboe A (2005) Effect of hyperosmotic conditions on the expression of the betaine-GABA-transporter (BGT-1) in cultured mouse astrocytes. Neurochem Res 30:855-865 (Pubitemid 41413942)
    • (2005) Neurochemical Research , vol.30 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 855-865
    • Olsen, M.1    Sarup, A.2    Larsson, O.M.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 99
    • 14044268131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health
    • DOI 10.2174/1389200052997366
    • Olthof MR, Verhoef P (2005) Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health. Curr Drug Metab 6:15-22 (Pubitemid 40277877)
    • (2005) Current Drug Metabolism , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Olthof, M.R.1    Verhoef, P.2
  • 100
    • 0345600994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose betaine supplementation leads to immediate and long term lowering of plasma homocysteine in healthy men and women
    • Olthof MR, vanVliet T, Boelsma E, Verhoef P (2003) Low dose betaine supplementation leads to immediate and long term lowering of plasma homocysteine in healthy men and women. J Nutr 133:4135-4138
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , pp. 4135-4138
    • Olthof, M.R.1    VanVliet, T.2    Boelsma, E.3    Verhoef, P.4
  • 101
    • 23444438532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline supplemented as phosphatidylcholine decreases fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy men
    • Olthof MR, Brink EJ, Katan MB, Verhoef P (2005a) Choline supplemented as phosphatidylcholine decreases fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 82:111-117 (Pubitemid 41716383)
    • (2005) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-117
    • Olthof, M.R.1    Brink, E.J.2    Katan, M.B.3    Verhoef, P.4
  • 102
    • 22144492631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: Results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans
    • Olthof MR, van Vliet T, Verhoef P, Zock PL, Katan MB (2005b) Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans. PLoS Med 2:446-456
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2 , pp. 446-456
    • Olthof, M.R.1    Van Vliet, T.2    Verhoef, P.3    Zock, P.L.4    Katan, M.B.5
  • 103
    • 37349103001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of folic acid, betaine, and serine supplements on flow-mediated dilation after methionine loading: A randomized trial
    • Olthof MR, Bots ML, Katan MB, Verhoef P (2006) Acute effect of folic acid, betaine, and serine supplements on flow-mediated dilation after methionine loading: a randomized trial. PLoS Clin Trials 1(1):e4
    • (2006) PLoS Clin Trials , vol.1 , Issue.1
    • Olthof, M.R.1    Bots, M.L.2    Katan, M.B.3    Verhoef, P.4
  • 104
    • 0036901464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum during pregnancy, after delivery and in newborns
    • Ozarda Ilcol Y, Uncu G, Ulus IH (2002) Free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum during pregnancy, after delivery and in newborns. Arch Physiol Biochem 110:393-399 (Pubitemid 35454399)
    • (2002) Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-399
    • Ozarda, I.Y.1    Uncu, G.2    Ulus, I.H.3
  • 105
    • 0033583210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and organization of the human gene
    • Park EI, Garrow TA (1999) Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and organization of the human gene. J Biol Chem 274:7816-7824
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 7816-7824
    • Park, E.I.1    Garrow, T.A.2
  • 106
    • 0033663065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of BGT-1 and amino acid system A transport activities in endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmolarity
    • Petronini PG, Alfieri RR, Losio MN et al (2000) Induction of BGT-1 and amino acid system A transport activities in endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmolarity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R1580-R1589
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.279
    • Petronini, P.G.1    Alfieri, R.R.2    Losio, M.N.3
  • 108
    • 34547782307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes
    • DOI 10.1096/fj.07-8227com
    • Resseguie M, Song JN, Niculescu MD, daCosta KA, Randall TA, Zeisel SH (2007) Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes. Faseb J 21:2622-2632 (Pubitemid 47230690)
    • (2007) FASEB Journal , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 2622-2632
    • Resseguie, M.1    Song, J.2    Niculescu, M.D.3    Da, C.K.-A.4    Randall, T.A.5    Zeisel, S.H.6
  • 109
    • 22844457491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and human disease
    • Robertson KD (2005) DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 6:597-610
    • (2005) Nat Rev Genet , vol.6 , pp. 597-610
    • Robertson, K.D.1
  • 110
    • 0036037170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine and homocysteine concentrations in foods
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1442-200X.2002.01591.x
    • Sakamoto A, Nishimura Y, Ono H, Sakura N (2002) Betaine and homocysteine concentrations in foods. Pediatr Int 44:409-413 (Pubitemid 34994738)
    • (2002) Pediatrics International , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-413
    • Sakamoto, A.1    Nishimura, Y.2    Ono, H.3    Sakura, N.4
  • 111
    • 58149088543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline: Update on a promising and widely available agent for neuroprotection and neurorepair
    • Saver JL (2008) Citicoline: update on a promising and widely available agent for neuroprotection and neurorepair. Rev Neurol Dis 5:167-177
    • (2008) Rev Neurol Dis , vol.5 , pp. 167-177
    • Saver, J.L.1
  • 113
    • 0036253433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular hydration state: A critical determinant for cell death and survival
    • DOI 10.1515/BC.2002.059
    • Schliess F, Haussinger D (2002) The cellular hydration state: a critical determinant for cell death and survival. Biol Chem 383:577-583 (Pubitemid 34506294)
    • (2002) Biological Chemistry , vol.383 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 577-583
    • Schliess, F.1    Haussinger, D.2
  • 114
    • 0036829164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects
    • Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L et al (2002) Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 76:961-967 (Pubitemid 35244665)
    • (2002) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 961-967
    • Schwab, U.1    Torronen, A.2    Toppinen, L.3    Alfthan, G.4    Saarinen, M.5    Aro, A.6    Uusitupa, M.7
  • 116
    • 3242698799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periconceptional dietary intake of choline and betaine and neural tube defects in offspring
    • DOI 10.1093/aje/kwh187
    • Shaw GM, Carmichael SL, Yang W, Selvin S, Schaffer DM (2004) Periconceptional dietary intake of choline and betaine and neural tube defects in offspring. Am J Epidemiol 160:102-109 (Pubitemid 38962995)
    • (2004) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 102-109
    • Shaw, G.M.1    Carmichael, S.L.2    Yang, W.3    Selvin, S.4    Schaffer, D.M.5
  • 117
    • 73349121672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective case-control study of choline and risks of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies in a folate fortified population
    • Shaw GM, Finnell RH, Blom HJ et al (2009) A prospective case-control study of choline and risks of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies in a folate fortified population. Epidemiology 20:714-719
    • (2009) Epidemiology , vol.20 , pp. 714-719
    • Shaw, G.M.1    Finnell, R.H.2    Blom, H.J.3
  • 119
    • 0018104183 scopus 로고
    • Choline: Selective enhancement of serial learning and encoding of low imagery words in man
    • Sitaram N, Weingartner H, Caine ED, Gillin JC (1978) Choline: selective enhancement of serial learning and encoding of low imagery words in man. Life Sci 22:1555-1560 (Pubitemid 8357597)
    • (1978) Life Sciences , vol.22 , Issue.17 , pp. 1555-1560
    • Sitaram, N.1    Weingartner, H.2    Caine, E.D.3    Gillin, J.C.4
  • 121
    • 68749111623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma dependent and independent accumulation of betaine in male and female rat tissues
    • Slow S, Lever M, Chambers ST, George PM (2009) Plasma dependent and independent accumulation of betaine in male and female rat tissues. Physiol Res 58:403-410
    • (2009) Physiol Res , vol.58 , pp. 403-410
    • Slow, S.1    Lever, M.2    Chambers, S.T.3    George, P.M.4
  • 122
    • 23444435961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of the PEMT gene and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
    • Song JN, daCosta KA, Fischer LM et al (2005) Polymorphism of the PEMT gene and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Faseb J 19:1266-1271
    • (2005) Faseb J , vol.19 , pp. 1266-1271
    • Song, J.N.1    DaCosta, K.A.2    Fischer, L.M.3
  • 125
    • 0022270891 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of choline transport at maternal and fetal interfaces of the perfused guinea-pig placenta
    • Sweiry JH, Yudilevich DL (1985) Characterization of choline transport at maternal and fetal interfaces of the perfused guinea-pig placenta. J Physiol 366:251-266 (Pubitemid 16245481)
    • (1985) Journal of Physiology , vol.VOL. 366 , pp. 251-266
    • Sweiry, J.H.1    Yudilevich, D.L.2
  • 126
    • 69549121616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on development in rats
    • Thomas JD, Abou EJ, Dominguez HD (2009) Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on development in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 31:303-311
    • (2009) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.31 , pp. 303-311
    • Thomas, J.D.1    Abou, E.J.2    Dominguez, H.D.3
  • 127
    • 57349148222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in folate-deficient rats corresponds to depleted brain phosphatidylcholine and is prevented by dietary methionine without lowering plasma homocysteine
    • Troen AM, Chao WH, Crivello NA et al (2008) Cognitive impairment in folate-deficient rats corresponds to depleted brain phosphatidylcholine and is prevented by dietary methionine without lowering plasma homocysteine. J Nutr 138:2502-2509
    • (2008) J Nutr , vol.138 , pp. 2502-2509
    • Troen, A.M.1    Chao, W.H.2    Crivello, N.A.3
  • 128
    • 27744534729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine: A key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status
    • DOI 10.1515/CCLM.2005.187
    • Ueland PM, Holm PI, Hustad S (2005) Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status. Clin Chem Lab Med 43:1069-1075 (Pubitemid 41581963)
    • (2005) Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Ueland, P.M.1    Holm, P.I.2    Hustad, S.3
  • 129
    • 43249108174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the regulation of lipoprotein homeostasis
    • Vance DE (2008) Role of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the regulation of lipoprotein homeostasis. Curr Opin Lipidol 19:229-234
    • (2008) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.19 , pp. 229-234
    • Vance, D.E.1
  • 130
    • 36348969601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, unexpected roles in animal biochemistry and physiology
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.R700028200
    • Vance DE, Li Z, Jacobs RL (2007) Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, unexpected roles in animal biochemistry and physiology. J Biol Chem 282:33237-33241 (Pubitemid 350159494)
    • (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.282 , Issue.46 , pp. 33237-33241
    • Vance, D.E.1    Li, Z.2    Jacobs, R.L.3
  • 131
    • 0000244714 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic choline deficiency in rats on liver folate content and distribution
    • VarelaMoreiras G, Selhub J, Da Costa KA, Zeisel SH (1992) Effect of chronic choline deficiency in rats on liver folate content and distribution. J Nutr Biochem 3:519-522
    • (1992) J Nutr Biochem , vol.3 , pp. 519-522
    • VarelaMoreiras, G.1    Selhub, J.2    Da Costa, K.A.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 133
    • 65249112694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmolyte counteracts urea-induced denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsin
    • Venkatesu P, Lee MJ, Lin HM (2009) Osmolyte counteracts urea-induced denaturation of alpha-chymotrypsin. J Phys Chem B 113:5327-5338
    • (2009) J Phys Chem B , vol.113 , pp. 5327-5338
    • Venkatesu, P.1    Lee, M.J.2    Lin, H.M.3
  • 137
    • 0043093697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transposable elements: Targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation
    • DOI 10.1128/MCB.23.15.5293-5300.2003
    • Waterland RA, Jirtle RL (2003) Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol 23:5293-5300 (Pubitemid 36950884)
    • (2003) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.23 , Issue.15 , pp. 5293-5300
    • Waterland, R.A.1    Jirtle, R.L.2
  • 138
    • 33749026098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal methyl supplements increase offspring DNA methylation at Axin fused
    • DOI 10.1002/dvg.20230
    • Waterland RA, Dolinoy DC, Lin JR, Smith CA, Shi X, Tahiliani KG (2006) Maternal methyl supplements increase offspring DNA methylation at Axin Fused. Genesis 44:401-406 (Pubitemid 44454044)
    • (2006) Genesis , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 401-406
    • Waterland, R.A.1    Dolinoy, D.C.2    Lin, J.-R.3    Smith, C.A.4    Shi, X.5    Tahiliani, K.G.6
  • 139
    • 0031915850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compatible organic osmolytes in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
    • DOI 10.1002/hep.510270235
    • Weik C, Warskulat U, Bode J, Peters-Regehr T, Haussinger D (1998) Compatible organic osmolytes in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hepatology 27:569-575 (Pubitemid 28081075)
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 569-575
    • Weik, C.1    Warskulat, U.2    Bode, J.3    Peters-Regehr, T.4    Haussinger, D.5
  • 140
    • 0025973463 scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Effect on cognition, functioning in daily life, behavioural disturbances and burden experienced by the carers
    • Weinstein HC, Teunisse S, van Gool WA (1991) Tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Effect on cognition, functioning in daily life, behavioural disturbances and burden experienced by the carers. J Neurol 238:34-38
    • (1991) J Neurol , vol.238 , pp. 34-38
    • Weinstein, H.C.1    Teunisse, S.2    Van Gool, W.A.3
  • 143
    • 54049141769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-vitamin intake, one-carbon metabolism, and survival in a population-based study of women with breast cancer
    • Xu X, Gammon MD, Wetmur JG et al (2008a) B-vitamin intake, one-carbon metabolism, and survival in a population-based study of women with breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:2109-2116
    • (2008) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.17 , pp. 2109-2116
    • Xu, X.1    Gammon, M.D.2    Wetmur, J.G.3
  • 145
    • 0026580107 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent betaine transporter that is regulated by hypertonicity
    • Yamauchi A, Uchida S, Kwon HM et al (1992) Cloning of a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent betaine transporter that is regulated by hypertonicity. J Biol Chem 267:649-652
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 649-652
    • Yamauchi, A.1    Uchida, S.2    Kwon, H.M.3
  • 146
    • 0038497517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classical homocystinuria: Vascular risk and its prevention
    • Yap S (2003) Classical homocystinuria: vascular risk and its prevention. J Inherit Metab Dis 26:259-265
    • (2003) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.26 , pp. 259-265
    • Yap, S.1
  • 147
    • 0031798910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary Reference Intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00160-6
    • Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW (1998) Dietary Reference Intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 98:699-706 (Pubitemid 28274882)
    • (1998) Journal of the American Dietetic Association , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 699-706
    • Yates, A.A.1    Schlicker, S.A.2    Suitor, C.W.3
  • 148
    • 0025729745 scopus 로고
    • Choline, an essential nutrient for humans
    • Zeisel SH (1991) Choline, an essential nutrient for humans. Faseb J 5:2093-2098
    • (1991) Faseb J , vol.5 , pp. 2093-2098
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 149
    • 0034234634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline: An essential nutrient for humans
    • Zeisel SH (2000) Choline: an essential nutrient for humans. Nutrition 16:669-671
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 669-671
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 150
    • 33644534121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation and blood lipids: Fact or artifact?
    • Zeisel SH (2006a) Betaine supplementation and blood lipids: fact or artifact? Nutr Rev 64:77-79
    • (2006) Nutr Rev , vol.64 , pp. 77-79
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 151
    • 33750107341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline: Critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults
    • Zeisel SH (2006b) Choline: critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults. Annu Rev Nutr 26:229-250
    • (2006) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 229-250
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 152
    • 33747767640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fetal origins of memory: The role of dietary choline in optimal brain development
    • Zeisel SH (2006c) The fetal origins of memory: the role of dietary choline in optimal brain development. J Pediatr 149:S131-S136
    • (2006) J Pediatr , vol.149
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 153
    • 34347381073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene response elements, genetic polymorphisms and epigenetics influence the human dietary requirement for choline
    • Zeisel SH (2007) Gene response elements, genetic polymorphisms and epigenetics influence the human dietary requirement for choline. Iubmb Life 59:380-387
    • (2007) Iubmb Life , vol.59 , pp. 380-387
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 154
    • 65549155328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic mechanisms for nutrition determinants of later health outcomes
    • Zeisel SH (2009a) Epigenetic mechanisms for nutrition determinants of later health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 89:1488S-1493S
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 155
    • 59649127761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of methyl donors during reproduction
    • Zeisel SH (2009b) Importance of methyl donors during reproduction. Am J Clin Nutr 89:673S-677S
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 157
    • 0019223753 scopus 로고
    • Elevated choline concentration in neonatal plasma
    • DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90585-8
    • Zeisel SH, Epstein MF, Wurtman RJ (1980) Elevated choline concentration in neonatal plasma. Life Sci 26:1827-1831 (Pubitemid 10060693)
    • (1980) Life Sciences , vol.26 , Issue.21 , pp. 1827-1831
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Epstein, M.F.2    Wurtman, R.J.3
  • 158
    • 0038333251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods
    • Zeisel SH, Mar MH, Howe JC, Holden JM (2003) Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods. J Nutr 133:1302-1307 (Pubitemid 36548698)
    • (2003) Journal of Nutrition , vol.133 , Issue.5 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Mar, M.-H.2    Howe, J.C.3    Holden, J.M.4
  • 159
    • 0028868418 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and lactation are associated with diminished concentrations of choline and its metabolites in rat liver
    • Zeisel SH, Mar MH, Zhou Z, da Costa KA (1995) Pregnancy and lactation are associated with diminished concentrations of choline and its metabolites in rat liver. J Nutr 125:3049-3054
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 3049-3054
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Mar, M.H.2    Zhou, Z.3    Da Costa, K.A.4
  • 160
    • 0029961593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of betaine as an osmolyte in rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells)
    • DOI 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613062
    • Zhang F, Warskulat U, Wettstein M, Haussinger D (1996) Identification of betaine as an osmolyte in rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). Gastroenterology 110:1543-1552 (Pubitemid 26134089)
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 1543-1552
    • Zhang, F.1    Warskulat, U.2    Wettstein, M.3    Haussinger, D.4
  • 161
    • 69849104511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase alters plasma VLDL phospholipids and attenuates atherosclerosis in mice
    • Zhao Y, Su B, Jacobs RL et al (2009) Lack of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase alters plasma VLDL phospholipids and attenuates atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29:1349-1355
    • (2009) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.29 , pp. 1349-1355
    • Zhao, Y.1    Su, B.2    Jacobs, R.L.3
  • 162
    • 19944381554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT and BHMT2) genes risk factors for spina bifida and orofacial clefts?
    • Zhu HP, Curry S, Wen S et al (2005) Are the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT and BHMT2) genes risk factors for spina bifida and orofacial clefts? Am J Med Genet Part A 135A:274-277
    • (2005) Am J Med Genet Part A , vol.135 A , pp. 274-277
    • Zhu, H.P.1    Curry, S.2    Wen, S.3
  • 163
    • 0037444811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout mice have hepatic steatosis and abnormal hepatic choline metabolite concentrations despite ingesting a recommended dietary intake of choline
    • DOI 10.1042/BJ20021523
    • Zhu XN, Song JN, Mar MH, Edwards LJ, Zeisel SH (2003) Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout mice have hepatic steatosis and abnormal hepatic choline metabolite concentrations despite ingesting a recommended dietary intake of choline. Biochem J 370:987-993 (Pubitemid 36399092)
    • (2003) Biochemical Journal , vol.370 , Issue.3 , pp. 987-993
    • Zhu, X.1    Song, J.2    Mar, M.-H.3    Edwards, L.J.4    Zeisel, S.H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.