Applicability and effects of physical exercise on physical and cognitive functions and activities of daily living among people with dementia: A systematic review

American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 495-518

  Littbrand, Håkan ^a   Stenvall, Michael ^a   Rosendahl, Erik ^a,b,c,d  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c Department of Health Sciences Health and Rehabilitation ^*  (Sweden)

^d LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Dementia, Alzheimer Disease; Exercise; Rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COGNITION; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEMENTIA; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FITNESS; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COGNITION; DEMENTIA; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; MALE; PHYSICAL FITNESS; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79955840459     PISSN: 08949115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318214de26     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al: Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005; 366:2112-7 (Pubitemid 41797645)
2. Allan LM, Ballard CG, Burn DJ, et al: Prevalence and severity of gait disorders in Alzheimer's and non- Alzheimer's dementias. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53: 1681-7 (Pubitemid 43109930)
3. Morgan D, Funk M, Crossley M, et al: The potential of gait analysis to contribute to differential diagnosis of early stage dementia: Current research and future directions. Can J Aging 2007;26:19-32 (Pubitemid 46761480)
4. van Iersel MB, Hoefsloot W, Munneke M, et al: Systematic review of quantitative clinical gait analysis in patients with dementia. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2004;37: 27-32 (Pubitemid 38297815)
5. Waite LM, Broe GA, Grayson DA, et al: Motor function and disability in the dementias. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:897-903
6. Yan JH, Dick MB: Practice effects on motor control in healthy seniors and patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2006;13: 385-410
7. Pettersson AF, Engardt M, Wahlund LO: Activity level and balance in subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002;13:213-6 (Pubitemid 34507606)
8. Pettersson AF, Olsson E, Wahlund LO: Motor function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2005;19:299-304 (Pubitemid 40663324)
9. Blaum CS, Ofstedal MB, Liang J: Low cognitive performance, comorbid disease, and task-specific disability: Findings from a nationally representative survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:M523-31 (Pubitemid 35006098)
10. Richardson J, Bedard M,Weaver B: Changes in physical functioning in institutionalized older adults. Disabil Rehabil 2001;23:683-9 (Pubitemid 33034981)
11. Stuck AE, Walthert JM, Nikolaus T, et al: Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med 1999;48:445-69 (Pubitemid 29023277)
12. Howley ET: Type of activity: Resistance, aerobic and leisure versus occupational physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:S364-69 (Pubitemid 32524728)
13. Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar HJJ, et al: Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD005381
14. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, et al: American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41:1510-30
15. de Vreede PL, Samson MM, van Meeteren NL, et al: Functional-task exercise versus resistance strength exercise to improve daily function in older women: A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53:2-10 (Pubitemid 41647624)
16. Olivetti L, Schurr K, Sherrington C, et al: A novel weight-bearing strengthening program during rehabilitation of older people is feasible and improves standing up more than a non-weight-bearing strengthening program: A randomised trial. Aust J Physiother 2007;53:147-53
17. Rutherford OM: Muscular coordination and strength training implications for injury rehabilitation. Sports Med 1988;5:196-202 (Pubitemid 18086925)
18. Sherrington C, Lord SR, Herbert RD: A randomized controlled trial of weight-bearing versus non-weightbearing exercise for improving physical ability after usual care for hip fracture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:710-6 (Pubitemid 38857905)
19. Wilson GJ, Murphy AJ, Walshe A: The specificity of strength training: The effect of posture. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996;73:346-52 (Pubitemid 26165610)
20. Singh MA: Exercise comes of age: Rationale and recommendations for a geriatric exercise prescription. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:M262-82
21. Liu CJ, Latham NK: Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;CD002759
22. Christofoletti G, Oliani MM, Gobbi S, et al: Effects of motor intervention in elderly patients with dementia: An analysis of randomized controlled trials. Top Geriatr Rehabil 2007;23:149-54 (Pubitemid 46743702)
23. Hauer K, Becker C, Lindemann U, et al: Effectiveness of physical training on motor performance and fall prevention in cognitively impaired older persons: A systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85: 847-57 (Pubitemid 44450610)
24. Heyn P, Abreu BC, Ottenbacher KJ: The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: A meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1694-1704 (Pubitemid 39349417)
25. Suttanon P, Hill K, Said C, et al: Can balance exercise programmes improve balance and related physical performance measures in people with dementia? A systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2010;7:13-25
26. Forbes D, Forbes S, Morgan DG, et al: Physical activity programs for persons with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD006489
27. Tinetti ME: Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med 2003;348:42-9 (Pubitemid 36026346)
28. Pellfolk T, Gustafsson T, Gustafson Y, et al: Risk factors for falls among residents with dementia living in group dwellings. Int Psychogeriatr 2009;21:187-94
29. Scarmeas N, Albert M, Brandt J, et al: Motor signs predict poor outcomes in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2005;64:1696-703 (Pubitemid 40695800)
30. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, et al: A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994;49:M85-94 (Pubitemid 24100267)
31. Stevens J, Killeen M: A randomised controlled trial testing the impact of exercise on cognitive symptoms and disability of residents with dementia. Contemp Nurse 2006;21:32-40
32. Holliman DC, Orgassa UC, Forney JP: Developing an interactive physical activity group in a geriatric psychiatry facility. Act Adapt Aging 2001;26:57-69
33. van Tulder M, Furlan A, Bombardier C, et al: Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration back review group. Spine 2003;28:1290-9 (Pubitemid 36734620)
34. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al: The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and metaanalyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:W65-94
35. Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, et al: Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 2003;83:713-21 (Pubitemid 37238882)
36. Morton NA: The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: A demographic study. Aust J Physiother 2009;55:129-33
37. Tappen RM: The effect of skill training on functional abilities of nursing home residents with dementia. Res Nurs Health 1994;17:159-65
38. McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, et al: The Hawthorne effect: A randomised, controlled trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2007;7:30
39. Perrin T: Occupational need in severe dementia: A descriptive study. J Adv Nurs 1997;25:934-41 (Pubitemid 127453236)
40. Simonsick EM, Kasper JD, Phillips CL: Physical disability and social interaction: Factors associated with low social contact and home confinement in disabled older women (the Women's Health and Aging Study). J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1998;53: S209-17 (Pubitemid 28340926)
41. Altman DG, Schulz KF, Moher D, et al: The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: Explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:663-94 (Pubitemid 32322245)
42. Rosendahl E: Effect size underestimates the effects of interventions among older people with severe physical or cognitive impairments? J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55:1315-6 (Pubitemid 47106696)
43. Kerry SM, Bland JM: The intracluster correlation coefficient in cluster randomisation. BMJ 1998;316:1455 (Pubitemid 28212000)
44. Campbell MK, Elbourne DR, Altman DG: CONSORT statement: Extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ 2004;328:702-8 (Pubitemid 38393415)
45. Wears R: Advanced statistics: Statistical methods for analyzing cluster and cluster-randomized data. Acad Emerg Med 2002;9:330-41 (Pubitemid 34274169)
46. Christofoletti G, Oliani MM, Gobbi S, et al: A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia. Clin Rehabil 2008;22: 618-26
47. Cott CA, Dawson P, Sidani S, et al: The effects of a walking/talking program on communication, ambulation, and functional status in residents with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2002; 16:81-7 (Pubitemid 34627675)
48. Eggermont LH, Swaab DF, Hol EM, et al: Walking the line: A randomised trial on the effects of a short term walking programme on cognition in dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009;80:802-4
49. Francese T, Sorrell J, Butler FR: The effects of regular exercise on muscle strength and functional abilities of late stage Alzheimer's residents. Am J Alzheimers Dis 1997;12:122-7
50. Kemoun G, Thibaud M, Roumagne N, et al: Effects of a physical training programme on cognitive function and walking efficiency in elderly persons with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010;29: 109-14
51. Pomeroy VM, Warren CM, Honeycombe C, et al: Mobility and dementia: Is physiotherapy treatment during respite care effective? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;14:389-97 (Pubitemid 29271531)
52. Rolland Y, Pillard F, Klapouszczak A, et al: Exercise program for nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease: A 1-year randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:158-65 (Pubitemid 46184389)
53. Santana-Sosa E, Barriopedro MI, Ló pez-Mojares LM, et al: Exercise training is beneficial for Alzheimer's patients. Int J Sports Med 2008;29:845-50
54. Steinberg M, Leoutsakos JM, Podewils LJ, et al: Evaluation of a home-based exercise program in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: The Maximizing Independence in Dementia (MIND) study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:680-5
55. Tappen RM, Roach KE, Applegate EB, et al: Effect of a combined walking and conversation intervention on functional mobility of nursing home residents with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000; 14:196-201
56. Higgins JPT, Altman DG: Assessing the risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention, chapter 8. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008:187-241
57. Jüni P, Altman DG, Egger M: Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ 2001;323:42-6 (Pubitemid 32682008)
58. Burgener SC, Yang Y, Gilbert R, et al: The effects of a multimodal intervention on outcomes of persons with early-stage dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2008;23:382-94
59. Eggermont LH, Knol DL, Hol EM, et al: Hand motor activity, cognition, mood, and the rest-activity rhythm in dementia: A clustered RCT. Behav Brain Res 2009; 196:271-8
60. Friedman R, Tappen RM: The effect of planned walking on communication in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:650-4
61. Hokkanen L, Rantala L, Remes AM, et al: Dance and movement therapeutic methods in management of dementia: A randomized, controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:771-2 (Pubitemid 351473506)
62. Lam LC, Lui VW, Luk DN, et al: Effectiveness of an individualized functional training program on affective disturbances and functional skills in mild and moderate dementiaVa randomized control trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010;25:133-41
63. Pomeroy VM: The effect of physiotherapy input on mobility skills of elderly people with severe dementing illness. Clin Rehabil 1993;7:163-70 (Pubitemid 23161041)
64. Schwenk M, Zieschang T, Oster P, et al: Dual-task performances can be improved in patients with dementia: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2010;74:1961-8
65. Teri L, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, et al: Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2015-22 (Pubitemid 37430584)
66. van de Winckel A, Feys H, De Weerdt W, et al: Cognitive and behavioural effects of music-based exercises in patients with dementia. Clin Rehabil 2004; 18:253-60 (Pubitemid 38559168)
67. Williams CL, Tappen RM: Effect of exercise on mood in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2007;22: 389-97 (Pubitemid 351168895)
68. Williams CL, Tappen RM: Exercise training for depressed older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health 2008;12:72-80 (Pubitemid 351302419)
69. Kwak YS, Um SY, Son TG, et al: Effect of regular exercise on senile dementia patients. Int J Sports Med 2008;29:471-4
70. Francese T: Research corner. The effects of regular exercise on muscle strength and functional abilities of late stage Alzheimer's residents. Va Nurse Today 1995;3:25-6
71. Dick MB, Hsieh S, Bricker J, et al: Facilitating acquisition and transfer of a continuous motor task in healthy older adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2003;17:202-12 (Pubitemid 36644928)
72. Dick MB, Hsieh S, Dick-Muehlke C, et al: The variability of practice hypothesis in motor learning: Does it apply to Alzheimer's disease? Brain Cogn 2000; 44:470-89 (Pubitemid 32001416)
73. Littbrand H, Lundin-Olsson L, Gustafson Y, et al: The effect of a high-intensity functional exercise program on activities of daily living: A randomized controlled trial in residential care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1741-9
74. Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, et al: Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:295-309 (Pubitemid 351665487)
75. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al: GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336:924-6 (Pubitemid 351632017)
76. Littbrand H, Rosendahl E, Lindelöf N, et al: A highintensity functional weight-bearing exercise program for older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities: Evaluation of the applicability with focus on cognitive function. Phys Ther 2006;86:489-98
77. Olivo SA, Macedo LG, Gadotti IC, et al: Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: A systematic review. Phys Ther 2008;88:156-75 (Pubitemid 351210558)
78. Verhagen AP, de Vet HC, de Bie RA, et al: The art of quality assessment of RCTs included in systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54:651-4 (Pubitemid 32594850)
79. Morris JN, Fiatarone M, Kiely DK, et al: Nursing rehabilitation and exercise strategies in the nursing home. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54: M494-500 (Pubitemid 29534070)
80. Rosendahl E, Lindelöf N, Littbrand H, et al: Highintensity functional exercise program and proteinenriched energy supplement for older persons dependent in activities of daily living: A randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother 2006;52: 105-13 (Pubitemid 43971018)
81. Rydholm Hedman AM, HeikkiläK, GrafströmM, et al: Hip fractures and cognitive state: Patient outcomes and proxies' perceptions of the rehabilitation period. Int J Older People Nurs 2008;3:178-86