Site effects "on the rock": The case of Castelvecchio Subequo (L'Aquila, central Italy)

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 841-868

  Marzorati, S ^a   Ladina, C ^a   Falcucci, E ^a   Gori, S ^a   Saroli, M ^b   Ameri, G ^a   Galadini, F ^a  

^a ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CASSINO AND SOUTHERN LAZIO   (Italy)

Author keywords

2009 L'Aquila earthquake; Ambient seismic noise; Central Italy; Geomechanical analysis; Jointing conditions; Rock sites; Site effects; Spectral ratios; Structural characteristics

Indexed keywords

2009 L'AQUILA EARTHQUAKE; AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; CENTRAL ITALY; GEOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; JOINTING CONDITIONS; SITE EFFECTS; SPECTRAL RATIOS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS;

EARTHQUAKES; FRACTURE; LANDFORMS; SEISMIC WAVES;

AMPLIFICATION;

AMPLIFICATION; BEDROCK; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE; FAULT ZONE; FIELD SURVEY; GEOMECHANICS; GEOPHYSICAL METHOD; GROUND MOTION; JOINT; POLARIZATION; SEISMIC NOISE; SEISMIC WAVE; SITE EFFECT; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; TOPPLING; VILLAGE;

ITALY;

AQUILA;

EID: 79955835067     PISSN: 1570761X     EISSN: 15731456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10518-011-9263-5     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Anzidei M, Boschi E, Cannelli V, Devoti R, Esposito A, Galvani A, Melini D, Pietrantonio G, Riguzzi F, Sepe V, Serpelloni E (2009) Coseismic deformation of the destructive April 6, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy) from GPS data. Geophys Res Lett 36: L17307. doi: 10. 1029/2009GL039145.
2. Athanasopoulos GA, Pelekis PC, Leonidou EA (1999) Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18: 135-149.
3. Atzori S, Hunstad I, Chini M, Salvi S, Tolomei C, Bignami C, Stramondo S, Trasatti E, Antonioli A, Boschi E (2009) Finite fault inversion of DInSAR coseismic displacement of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy). Geophys Res Lett 36: L15305.
4. Bagh S, Chiaraluce L, De Gori P, Moretti M, Govoni A, Chiarabba C, Di Bartolomeo P, Romanelli M (2007) Background seismicity in the Central Apennines of Italy: the Abruzzo region case study. Tectonophysics 444: 80-92.
5. Bard PY (1982) Diffracted waves and displacement fields over twodimensional elevated topographies. Geophys J Int 71: 731-760.
6. Bard PY, Tucker BE (1985) Underground and ridge site effects: comparison of observation and theory. Bull Seismol Soc Am 75: 905-922.
7. Bindi D, Castro R, Franceschina G, Luzi L, Pacor F (2004) The 1997-1998 Umbria-Marche sequence (central Italy): source, path and site effects estimated from strong motion data recorded in the epicentral area. J Geophys Res 109: B04312. doi: 10. 1029/2003JB002857.
8. Bindi D, Pacor F, Luzi L, Massa M, Ameri G (2009) The Mw 6. 3, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake: source, path and site effects from spectral analysis of strong motion data. Geophys J Int 179: 1573-1579.
9. Boncio P, Lavecchia G, Pace B (2004) Defining a model of 3D seismogenic sources for Seismic Hazard Assessment applications: the case of central Apennines (Italy). J Seismol 8: 407-425.
10. Boncio P, Pizzi A, Brozzetti F, Pomposo G, Lavecchia G, Di Naccio D, Ferrarini F (2010) Coseismic ground deformation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy, Mw6. 3). Geophys Res Lett 37: L06308.
11. Boore DM (1972) A note on the effect of simple topography on seismic SH waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 62: 275-284.
12. Boore DM (1983) Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motion based on seismological models of the radiated spectra. Bull Seism Soc Am 73: 1865-1894.
13. Boore DM (2003) Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Pure Appl Geophys 160: 635-676.
14. Borcherdt RD (1970) Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay. Bull Seismol Soc Am 60: 29-61.
15. Bosi C, Bertini T (1970) La geologia della media valle dell'Aterno. Mem Soc Geol It 9: 719-777.
16. Bouchon M, Barker JS (1996) Seismic response of a hill: the example of Tarzana. Calif Bull Seismol Soc Am 86: 66-72.
17. Calamita F, Pizzi A, Scisciani V, De Girolamo C, Coltorti M, Pieruccini P, Turco E (2000) Caratterizzazione delle faglie quaternarie nella dorsale appenninica umbro-marchigiana-abruzzese. CNR-Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti, Roma.
18. Cavinato GP, De Celles PG (1999) Extensional basins in the tectonically bimodal central Apennines fold-thrust belt, Italy: response to corner flow above a subducting slab in retrograde motion. Geology 27: 955-958.
19. Çelebi M (1987) Topographical and geological amplifications determined from strong motion and aftershock records of the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 77: 1147-1167.
20. Chávez-García F, Sánchez LR, Hatzfeld D (1996) Topographic site effects and HVSR. A comparison between observation and theory. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86: 1559-1573.
21. Devoti R, Riguzzi F, Cuffaro M, Doglioni C (2008) New GPS constraints on the kinematics of the Apennines subduction. Earth Planet Sci Lett 273: 163-174.
22. Emergeo Working Group: (2010) Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6. 3 L'Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy). Terra Nova 22: 43-51.
23. Faccioli E, Vanini M, Frassine L (2002) "Complex" site effects in earthquake ground motion, including topography. In: 12th European conference on earthquake engineering, Barbican Center, London, UK.
24. Falcucci E, Gori S, Moro M, Galadini F, Marzorati S, Ladina C, Piccarreda D, Fredi P (2009) Evidenze di fagliazione normale tardo-olocenica nel settore compreso fra la conca Subequana e la Media Valle dell'Aterno, a sud dell'area epicentrale del terremoto di L'Aquila del 6 Aprile 2009. Implicazioni sismotettoniche. GNGTS 28° Convegno Nazionale, 16-19 Nov., Trieste (Italy).
25. Falcucci E, Gori S, Moro M, Pisani AR, Melini D, Galadini F, Fredi P (2011) The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (Italy): what next in the region? Hints from stress diffusion analysis and normal fault activity. Earth Planet Sci Lett. doi: 10. 1016/j. epsl. 2011. 03. 016.
26. Falcucci E, Gori S, Peronace E, Fubelli G, Moro M, Saroli M, Giaccio B, Messina P, Naso G, Scardia G, Sposato A, Voltaggio M, Galli P, Galadini F (2009) The Paganica fault and surface coseismic ruptures caused by the 6 April, 2009, earthquake (L'Aquila, central Italy). Seismol Res Lett 80: 940-950.
27. Foglio CARG 1: 50, 000 (2009) Cartografia Geologica Ufficiale. Foglio N. 369, Sulmona.
28. Galadini F, Galli P (2000) Active tectonics in the central Apennines (Italy)-input data for seismic hazard assessment. Nat Hazards 22: 225-270.
29. Galadini F, Pantosti D, Boncio P, Galli P, Messina P, Montone P, Pizzi A, Salvi S (2009) Il terremoto del 6 aprile e le conoscenze sulle faglie attive dell'Appennino centrale. Progettazione Sismica 3: ISSN 1973-7432.
30. Galli P, and Camassi R (2009) Rapporto sugli effetti del terremoto aquilano del 6 aprile 2009; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia QUEST Team, http://www. emidius. mi. ingv. it/DBMI08/aquilano/query_eq/quest. pdf.
31. Gallipoli MR, Albarello D, Ceddia M, Da domo A, Di Giacomo D, Giocoli A, Lizza C, Mucciarelli M, Picozzi M, Pilz M, Piscitelli S, Romano G, Sogni D, Vignola L (2009) Misure speditive di geofisica superficiale a supporto della microzonazione in fase di mergenza. GNGTS 28° Convegno Nazionale, 16-19 Nov., Trieste (Italy).
32. Géli L, Bard PY (1988) The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results. Bull Seismol Soc Am 78: 42-63.
33. Graizer V (2009) Low-velocity zone and topography as a source of site amplification effect on Tarzana Hill, California. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29: 324-332.
34. Griffiths DW, Bollinger GA (1979) The effect of Appalachian Mountain topography on seismic waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 69: 1081-1105.
35. Hailemikael S, Lenti L, Martino S, Paciello A, Scarascia Mugnozza G (2010) 2D numerical modelling of observed amplification effects on a carbonate ridge: the Colle di Roio (Italy) case-history. In: Proceedings of the 14 European conference on earthquake engineering (ECEE)-Ohrid (Macedonia), 30-08/03-09 2010, no. 1662, 1-8.
36. Hoek E, Bray JW (1981) Rock slope engineering, 3rd edn. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London.
37. Kawase H, Aki K (1990) Topography effect at the critical SV-wave incidence: possible explanation of damage pattern by the Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of 1 October 1987. Bull Seismol Soc Am 80: 1-22.
38. Komatitsch D, Vilotte JP (1998) The spectral element method: an efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88: 368-392.
39. Konno K, Ohmachi T (1998) Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of microtremors. Bull Seism Soc Am 88: 228-241.
40. Le Brun B, Hatzfeld D, Bard PY, Bouchon M (1999) Experimental study of the ground motion on a large scale topographic hill at Kitherion (Greece). J Seismol 3: 1-15.
41. Lermo J, Chavez-Garcia FJ (1993) Are microtremors useful in site response evaluation?. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84: 1350-1364.
42. 0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88: 170-182.
43. Martino S, Minutolo A, Paciello A, Rovelli A, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Verrubbi V (2006) Seismic microzonation of jointed rock-mass ridges through a combined geomechanical and seismometric approach. Nat Hazards 39: 419-449.
44. Massa M, Lovati S, D'Alema E, Ferretti G, Bakavoli M (2010) Experimental approach for estimating seismic amplification effects at the top of a ridge and their implication on ground motion predictions: the case of Narni (Central Italy). Bull Seismol Soc Am 100: 3020-3034.
45. McNamara DE, Buland RP (2004) Ambient noise levels in the continental United States. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(4): 1517-1527.
46. Miccadei E, Barberi R, De Caterini G (1997) Nuovi dati geologici sui depositi quaternari della conca Subequana (Appennino abruzzese). Il Quaternario (Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences) 10(2): 85-488.
47. Nakamura Y (1989) A method for dynamic characteristics estimations of subsurface using microtremors on the ground surface. Q Rept RTRI Jpn 30: 25-33.
48. Nogoshi M, Igarashi T (1971) On the amplitude characteristics of microtremor (part 2). J Seismol Soc Jpn 24: 26-40 (In Japanese with English abstract).
49. Paolucci R (2002) Amplification of earthquake ground motion by steep topographic irregularities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31: 1831-1853.
50. Patacca E, Scandone P, Di Luzio E, Cavinato GP, Parotto M (2008) Structural architecture of the central Apennines: Interpretation of the CROP 11 seismic profile from the Adriatic coast to the orographic divide. Tectonics 27: TC3006.
51. Pedersen H (1994) Ground-motion amplitude across ridges. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84: 1786-1800.
52. Pischiutta M, Cultrera G, Caserta A, Luzi L, Rovelli A (2010) Topographic effects on the hill of Nocera Umbra, central Italy. Geophys J Int 2(182): 977-987. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365-246X. 2010. 04654. x.
53. Pondrelli S, Salimbeni S, Ekstrom G, Morelli A, Gasperini P, Vannucci G (2006) The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present. Phys Earth Planet Interiors 159: 286-303.
54. Ponti DJ, Wells RE (1991) Off-fault ground ruptures in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: Ridge-top spreading versus tectonic extension during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Bull Seism Soc Am 81: 1480-1510.
55. Rossi A, Tertulliani A, Vecchi M (2005) Studio macrosismico del terremoto dell'Aquilano del 24 giugno 1958. Il Quaternario (Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences) 18: 101-112.
56. Rovelli A, Caserta A, Marra F, Ruggiero V (2002) Can seismic waves be trapped inside an inactive fault zone? The case study of Nocera Umbra, central Italy. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92: 2217-2232.
57. Sánchez-Sesma FJ (1985) Diffraction of elastic SH waves by wedges. Bull Seismol Soc Am 75: 1435-1446.
58. Sánchez-Seisma FJ (1990) Elementary solutions for response of a wedgeshaped medium to incident SH and SV waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 80: 737-742.
59. Sánchez-Sesma FJ, Campillo M (1991) Diffraction of P, SV, and Rayleigh waves by topographical features: a boundary integral formulation. Bull Seismol Soc Am 81: 2234-2253.
60. Sanchez-Sesma F, Herrera I, Aviles J (1982) A boundary method for elastic wave diffraction: application to scattering of SH waves by surface irregularities. Bull Seismol Soc Am 72: 473-490.
61. Spudich P, Hellweg M, Lee WH (1996) Directional topographic site response at Tarzana observed in aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: implication for mainshock motion. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86: 193-208.
62. Tertulliani A, Rossi A, Cucci L, Vecchi M (2009) L'Aquila (Central Italy) earthquakes: the predecessors of the April 6, 2009 event. Seismol Res Lett 80(6): 972-977.
63. Working Group CPTI (2008) Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione 2008 (CPTI08). INGV, Bologna, Italy. http://www. emidius. mi. ingv. it/CPTI/ (Last check of the availability: Sept. 2010).