Thermal degradation process of the cured phenolic triazine thermoset resin (Primaset® PT-30). Part I. Systematic non-isothermal kinetic analysis

Thermochimica Acta

Volumn 519, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 114-124

  Janković, Bojan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

Author keywords

Lifetime; Predictions; Primaset PT 30; Systematic kinetic analysis; Thermal degradation

Indexed keywords

DEGRADATION PROCESS; EXPERIMENTAL CURVES; HIGH THERMAL; KINETIC METHOD; LIFETIME; LIFETIME PARAMETERS; MULTI-STEP; NITROGEN ATMOSPHERES; NON-ISOTHERMAL KINETIC; NONISOTHERMAL; PREDICTIONS; REACTION SYSTEM; SINGLE STEP REACTION; SYSTEMATIC KINETIC ANALYSIS; THERMAL DEGRADATION; THERMAL DEGRADATIONS; THERMOSET RESIN; TOTAL MASS;

CURING; FORECASTING; HEATING; HEATING RATE; KINETICS; PHENOLS; RESINS; THERMOSETS;

DEGRADATION;

EID: 79955801358     PISSN: 00406031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.014     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. S. Das, D.C. Prevorsek, and B.T. De Bona Phenolic-triazine, a versatile high performance thermoset for composite applications 21st Int, SAMPE Tech. Conf., vol. 21 1989 972 983 (Pubitemid 20626041)
2. C.P. Reghunadhan Nair, D. Mathew, and K.N. Ninan Cyanate ester resins, recent developments Adv. Polym. Sci. 155 2001 1 99 (Pubitemid 32367835)
3. S. Lin-Gibson, Cresol novolac/epoxy networks: synthesis, properties, and processability, Doctoral Dissertations, Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2001, pp. 65-74.
4. I. Hamerton Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins I. Hamerton, Introduction to Cyanate Ester Resins vol. 1 1994 Blackie Glasgow 2 5
5. R.T. Conley Thermal Stability of Polymers first ed. 1970 Marcel Decker New York
6. S. Lin-Gibson, and J.S. Riffle Synthetic methods in step-growth polymers M.E. Rogers, T.E. Long, Chemistry and Properties of Phenolic Resins and Networks vol. 1 2003 John Wiley and Sons Hoboken 418 425
7. J. Fan, X. Hu, and C.Y. Yue Thermal degradation study of interpenetrating polymer network based on modified bismaleimide resin and cyanate ester Polym. Int. 52 2003 15 22 (Pubitemid 36234547)
8. R.F. Cozzens, P. Walter, and A.W. Snow Laser pyrolysis of characterized cyanurate network polymers J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 34 1987 601 616 (Pubitemid 17638919)
9. M.W. Miks, J.K. Shigly, Addition-polymerisation resin system for fibre reinforced nozzle ablative components, US Patent 5,645,219, Thiokol Corporation, 1997.
10. S. Das, D.C. Prevorsek, and B.T. De Bona Phenolic-triazine resins yield high performance thermoset composites Mod. Plast. Int. 6 1990 64 67
11. C.P. Reghunadhan Nair, R.L. Bindu, and V.C. Joseph Cyanate esters based on cardanol modified-phenol-formaldehyde resins: syntheses and thermal characteristics J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 33 1995 621 627
12. P.T. Primaset Technical Product Brochure 1996 Lonza Ltd Switzerland
13. T.R. Manley Characterization of thermosetting resins by thermal analysis J. Macromol. Sci. A 8 1974 53 64
14. C.A. Gracia-Fernández, S. Gómez-Barreiro, S. Ruíz-Salvador, and R. Blaine Study of the degradation of a thermoset system using TGA and modulated TGA Prog. Org. Coat. 54 2005 332 336 (Pubitemid 41562074)
15. R.E. Zacharia, and S.L. Simon Dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of a polycyanurate thermosetting system Polym. Eng. Sci. 38 1998 566 572 (Pubitemid 128593104)
16. J.W. Gilman, and R. Harris Jr. Cyanate ester clay nanocomposites: synthesis and flammability studies Evolving and Revolutionary Technologies for the New Millennium. Int. SAMPE Symposium/Exhibition, 44th Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) May 23-27, 1999, Long Beach, CA 1999 1408 1423
17. M.L. Ramirez, R. Walters, E.P. Savitski, R.E. Lyon, Thermal decomposition of cyanate ester resins, Final Report DOT/FAA/AR-01/32 for the US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, September 2001, pp. 1-14.
18. M.L. Ramirez, R. Walters, R.E. Lyon, and E.P. Savitski Thermal decomposition of cyanate ester resins Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 78 2002 73 82 (Pubitemid 34867954)
19. R.L. Sadler, B.D. Morgan, and V.S. Avva Resin transfer molding of 3-D braided through the thickness Pan-based carbon fiber preforms with a cyanate ester JANNAF Rocket Nozzle Technology Subcommittee Meeting 1995 Chemical Propulsion Information Agency Tampa, FL, USA 93 101
20. S. Vyazovkin, and C.A. Wight Model-free and model-fitting approaches to kinetic analysis of isothermal and nonisothermal data Thermochim. Acta 340-341 1999 53 68 (Pubitemid 129498249)
21. F. Paulik Special Trends in Thermal Analysis first ed. 1995 John Wiley and Sons Chichester
22. J.H. Flynn The 'temperature integral' - its use and abuse Thermochim. Acta 300 1997 83 92 (Pubitemid 127348922)
23. T. Ozawa A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 38 1965 1881 1886
24. J.H. Flynn, and L.A. Wall A quick, direct method for the determination of activation energy from thermogravimetric data, J Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Lett. 4 1966 323 328
25. H.E. Kissinger Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis Anal. Chem. 29 1957 1702 1706
26. T. Akahira, and T. Sunose Joint convention of four electrical institutes Res. Rep. Chiba Inst. Technol. 16 1971 22 31
27. M.J. Starink The determination of activation energy from linear heating rate experiments: a comparison of the accuracy of isoconversion methods Thermochim. Acta 404 2003 163 176
28. G.I. Senum, and R.T. Yang Rational approximations of the integral of the Arrhenius function J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 11 1977 445 447
29. P.K. Agarwal, and M.S. Sivasubramanium Integral approximation for non-isothermal kinetics AIChE J. 33 1987 1212 1215
30. H.L. Friedman Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry-application to a phenolic resin J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett. 6 1964 183 195
31. A.W. Coats, and J.P. Redfern Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data Nature 201 1964 68 69
32. S. Vyazovkin, and N. Sbirrazzuoli Isoconversional kinetic analysis of thermally stimulated processes in polymers Macromol. Rapid Commun. 27 2006 1515 1532 (Pubitemid 44535769)
33. 4 mixtures in air Thermochim. Acta 376 2001 43 50 (Pubitemid 32737585)
34. 4 mixture in air Thermochim. Acta 402 2003 199 208
35. J.M. Criado, L.A. Pérez-Maqueda, F.J. Gotor, J. Málek, and N. Koga A unified theory for the kinetic analysis of solid state reactions under any thermal pathway J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 72 2003 901 906
36. S. Vyazovkin, and W. Linert False isokinetic relationships found in the nonisothermal decomposition of solids Chem. Phys. 193 1995 109 118
37. S. Vyazovkin, and W. Linert The application of isoconversional methods for analyzing isokinetic relationships occurring at thermal decomposition of solids J. Solid State Chem. 114 1995 392 398
38. P. Budrugeac, E. Segal, L.A. Pérez-Maqueda, and J.M. Criado The use of the IKP method for evaluating the kinetic parameters and the conversion function of the thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC from non-isothermal data Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 84 2004 311 320
39. N. Koga, J. Málek, J. Šesták, and H. Tanaka Data treatment in non-isothermal kinetics and diagnostic limits of phenomenological models Netsu Sokutei 20 1993 210 223
40. F.J. Gotor, J.M. Criado, J. Málek, and N. Koga Kinetic analysis of solid-state reactions: the universality of master plots for analyzing isothermal and nonisothermal experiments J. Phys. Chem. A 104 2000 10777 10782 (Pubitemid 32023512)
41. A. Khawam, and D.R. Flanagan Solid-state kinetic models: basics and mathematical fundamentals J. Phys. Chem. B 110 2006 17315 17328 (Pubitemid 44412475)
42. I. Hamerton, and J.N. Hay Recent technological developments in cyanate ester resins High Perform. Polym. 10 1998 163 174 (Pubitemid 128436269)
43. D.W. Van Krevelen Some basic aspects of flame resistance of polymeric materials Polymer 16 1975 615 620
44. P. Budrugeac, A.L. Petre, and E. Segal Some problems concerning the evaluation of non-isothermal kinetic parameters. Solid-gas decompositions from thermogravimetric data J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 47 1996 123 134 (Pubitemid 126794469)
45. I. Hamerton, A.M. Emsley, B.J. Howlin, P. Klewpatinond, and S. Takeda Studies on a dicyanate containing four phenylene rings and polycyanurate copolymers. 3. Application of mathematical models to determine the kinetics of the thermal degradation processes Polymer 45 2004 2193 2199 (Pubitemid 38293170)
46. C. Di Blasi, C. Branca, A. Galgano, R. Moricone, and E. Milella Oxidation of a carbon/glass reinforced cyanate ester composite Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 94 2009 1962 1971
47. V.V. Korshak, S.-S.A. Pavlova, P.N. Gribkova, M.V. Tsirgiladze, V.A. Pankratov, and S.V. Vinogradova The mechanism of thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation of polymers containing s-triazine rings Polym. Sci. (USSR) 22 1980 1875 1885 (Pubitemid 12460906)
48. C.P. Reghunadhan Nair, D. Mathew, and K.N. Ninan Imido-phenolic-triazine network polymers derived from maleimide-functional novolac Eur. Polym. J. 37 2001 315 321
49. a,app, f(α) using the isoconversional method and compensation effect Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 18 2004 65 71
50. R.M.J. Westerhout, J. Waanders, J.A.M. Kuipers, and W.P.M. Van Swaaij Kinetics of the low-temperature pyrolysis of polyethene, polypropene, and polystyrene modeling, experimental, determination, and comparison with literature models and data Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36 1997 1955 1964 (Pubitemid 127697587)
51. H.H.G. Jellinek Aspects of Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers first ed. 1978 Elsevier Amsterdam
52. A.K. Burnham, and L.N. Dinh A comparison of isoconversional and model-fitting approaches to kinetic parameter estimation and application predictions J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 89 2007 479 490 (Pubitemid 47120282)
53. S. Vyazovkin, and D. Dollimore Linear and nonlinear procedures in isoconversional computations of the activation energy of nonisothermal reactions in solids J. Chem. Inf. Model. 36 1996 42 45 (Pubitemid 126579132)
54. S. Vyazovkin Evaluation of activation energy of thermally stimulated solid-state reactions under arbitrary variation of temperature J. Comput. Chem. 18 1997 393 402 (Pubitemid 127590532)
55. S. Vyazovkin Modification of the integral isoconversional method to account for variation in the activation energy J. Comput. Chem. 22 2001 178 183 (Pubitemid 33646622)
56. Q.I. Rahman, and G. Schmeisser Characterization of the speed of convergence of the trapezoidal rule Numer. Mathem. 57 1990 123 138
57. S. Vyazovkin, and N. Sbirrazzuoli Kinetic analysis of isothermal cures performed below the limiting glass transition temperature Macromol. Rapid Commun. 21 2000 85 90
58. X.-G. Li, and M.-R. Huang Thermal decomposition kinetics of thermotropic poly (oxybenzoate-co-oxynaphthoate) Vectra copolyester Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 64 1999 81 90
59. M.-R. Huang, and X.-G. Li Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 68 1998 293 304 (Pubitemid 128586245)