Function and mechanism of axonal targeting of voltage-sensitive potassium channels

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 94, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 115-132

  Gu, Chen ^a   Barry, Joshua ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Action potential; Axon initial segment; Axonal targeting; Neuronal polarity; Neurotransmitter release; Voltage gated potassium channel

Indexed keywords

LARGE CONDUCTANCE CALCIUM REGULATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ1; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ2; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ3; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ4; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ5; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.1; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.2; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.3; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.4; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.5; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.6; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV3.1; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV3.2; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV3.3; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV3.4; SHAW POTASSIUM CHANNEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACTION POTENTIAL; BRAIN; EXCITABILITY; GENE; MOUSE; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE FIBER; NERVE FIBER TRANSPORT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; AXONS; CELL POLARITY; HUMANS; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS, VOLTAGE-GATED; PROTEIN INTERACTION DOMAINS AND MOTIFS; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; SHAKER SUPERFAMILY OF POTASSIUM CHANNELS;

EID: 79955779796     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: 18735118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.009     Document Type: Review

References (209)

1. Alioua A., Lu R., Kumar Y., Eghbali M., Kundu P., Toro L., Stefani E. Slo1 caveolin-binding motif, a mechanism of caveolin-1-Slo1 interaction regulating Slo1 surface expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:4808-4817.
2. Arnold D.B., Clapham D.E. Molecular determinants for subcellular localization of PSD-95 with an interacting K+ channel. Neuron 1999, 23:149-157.
3. Asbury C.L., Fehr A.N., Block S.M. Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism. Science 2003, 302:2130-2134.
4. Atzori M., Lau D., Tansey E.P., Chow A., Ozaita A., Rudy B., McBain C.J. H2 histamine receptor-phosphorylation of Kv3.2 modulates interneuron fast spiking. Nat. Neurosci. 2000, 3:791-798.
5. Barry J., Gu Y., Gu C. Polarized targeting of L1-CAM regulates axonal and dendritic bundling in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2010, 32:1618-1631.
6. Bender K.J., Trussell L.O. Axon initial segment Ca2+ channels influence action potential generation and timing. Neuron 2009, 61:259-271.
7. Bennett V., Baines A.J. Spectrin and ankyrin-based pathways: metazoan inventions for integrating cells into tissues. Physiol. Rev. 2001, 81:1353-1392.
8. Bennett V., Chen L. Ankyrins and cellular targeting of diverse membrane proteins to physiological sites. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2001, 13:61-67.
9. Berkefeld H., Fakler B. Repolarizing responses of BKCa-Cav complexes are distinctly shaped by their Cav subunits. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:8238-8245.
10. Berkefeld H., Sailer C.A., Bildl W., Rohde V., Thumfart J.O., Eble S., Klugbauer N., Reisinger E., Bischofberger J., Oliver D., Knaus H.G., Schulte U., Fakler B. BKCa-Cav channel complexes mediate rapid and localized Ca2+-activated K+ signaling. Science 2006, 314:615-620.
11. Bhat M.A., Rios J.C., Lu Y., Garcia-Fresco G.P., Ching W., St Martin M., Li J., Einheber S., Chesler M., Rosenbluth J., Salzer J.L., Bellen H.J. Axon-glia interactions and the domain organization of myelinated axons requires neurexin IV/Caspr/Paranodin. Neuron 2001, 30:369-383.
12. Bichet D., Haass F.A., Jan L.Y. Merging functional studies with structures of inward-rectifier K+ channels. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:957-967.
13. Boiko T., Van Wart A., Caldwell J.H., Levinson S.R., Trimmer J.S., Matthews G. Functional specialization of the axon initial segment by isoform-specific sodium channel targeting. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:2306-2313.
14. Bouzidi M., Tricaud N., Giraud P., Kordeli E., Caillol G., Deleuze C., Couraud F., Alcaraz G. Interaction of the Nav1.2a subunit of the voltage-dependent sodium channel with nodal ankyrinG. In vitro mapping of the interacting domains and association in synaptosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:28996-29004.
15. Brechet A., Fache M.P., Brachet A., Ferracci G., Baude A., Irondelle M., Pereira S., Leterrier C., Dargent B. Protein kinase CK2 contributes to the organization of sodium channels in axonal membranes by regulating their interactions with ankyrin G. J. Cell Biol. 2008, 183:1101-1114.
16. Brenner R., Jegla T.J., Wickenden A., Liu Y., Aldrich R.W. Cloning and functional characterization of novel large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel beta subunits, hKCNMB3 and hKCNMB4. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:6453-6461.
17. Brooke R.E., Atkinson L., Batten T.F., Deuchars S.A., Deuchars J. Association of potassium channel Kv3.4 subunits with pre- and post-synaptic structures in brainstem and spinal cord. Neuroscience 2004, 126:1001-1010.
18. Brooke R.E., Moores T.S., Morris N.P., Parson S.H., Deuchars J. Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels regulate neurotransmitter release from mouse motor nerve terminals. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 20:3313-3321.
19. Brown D.A., Adams P.R. Muscarinic suppression of a novel voltage-sensitive K+ current in a vertebrate neurone. Nature 1980, 283:673-676.
20. Cachero T.G., Morielli A.D., Peralta E.G. The small GTP-binding protein RhoA regulates a delayed rectifier potassium channel. Cell 1998, 93:1077-1085.
21. Caminos E., Garcia-Pino E., Martinez-Galan J.R., Juiz J.M. The potassium channel KCNQ5/Kv7.5 is localized in synaptic endings of auditory brainstem nuclei of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 505:363-378.
22. Chandy K.G. Simplified gene nomenclature. Nature 1991, 352:26.
23. Chang S.Y., Zagha E., Kwon E.S., Ozaita A., Bobik M., Martone M.E., Ellisman M.H., Heintz N., Rudy B. Distribution of Kv3.3 potassium channel subunits in distinct neuronal populations of mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 502:953-972.
24. Chittajallu R., Chen Y., Wang H., Yuan X., Ghiani C.A., Heckman T., McBain C.J., Gallo V. Regulation of Kv1 subunit expression in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their role in G1/S phase progression of the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99:2350-2355.
25. Chow A., Erisir A., Farb C., Nadal M.S., Ozaita A., Lau D., Welker E., Rudy B. K+ channel expression distinguishes subpopulations of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-containing neocortical interneurons. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:9332-9345.
26. Chu P.J., Rivera J.F., Arnold D.B. A role for Kif17 in transport of Kv4.2. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:365-373.
27. Chung H.J., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. Polarized axonal surface expression of neuronal KCNQ channels is mediated by multiple signals in the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 C-terminal domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:8870-8875.
28. Coetzee W.A., Amarillo Y., Chiu J., Chow A., Lau D., McCormack T., Moreno H., Nadal M.S., Ozaita A., Pountney D., Saganich M., Vega-Saenz de Miera E., Rudy B. Molecular diversity of K+ channels. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1999, 868:233-285.
29. Cooper E.C., Harrington E., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. M channel KCNQ2 subunits are localized to key sites for control of neuronal network oscillations and synchronization in mouse brain. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:9529-9540.
30. Cooper E.C., Milroy A., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y., Lowenstein D.H. Presynaptic localization of Kv1.4-containing A-type potassium channels near excitatory synapses in the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:965-974.
31. Dai S., Hall D.D., Hell J.W. Supramolecular assemblies and localized regulation of voltage-gated ion channels. Physiol. Rev. 2009, 89:411-452.
32. Davis L.H., Davis J.Q., Bennett V. Ankyrin regulation: an alternatively spliced segment of the regulatory domain functions as an intramolecular modulator. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:18966-18972.
33. Debanne D. Information processing in the axon. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:304-316.
34. Delmas P., Brown D.A. Pathways modulating neural KCNQ/M (Kv7) potassium channels. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005, 6:850-862.
35. Deng Q., Rashid A.J., Fernandez F.R., Turner R.W., Maler L., Dunn R.J. A C-terminal domain directs Kv3.3 channels to dendrites. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:11531-11541.
36. Devaux J., Alcaraz G., Grinspan J., Bennett V., Joho R., Crest M., Scherer S.S. Kv3.1b is a novel component of CNS nodes. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:4509-4518.
37. Devaux J.J., Kleopa K.A., Cooper E.C., Scherer S.S. KCNQ2 is a nodal K+ channel. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:1236-1244.
38. Dodson P.D., Barker M.C., Forsythe I.D. Two heteromeric Kv1 potassium channels differentially regulate action potential firing. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:6953-6961.
39. Dodson P.D., Billups B., Rusznak Z., Szucs G., Barker M.C., Forsythe I.D. Presynaptic rat Kv1.2 channels suppress synaptic terminal hyperexcitability following action potential invasion. J. Physiol. 2003, 550:27-33.
40. Dotti C.G., Simons K. Polarized sorting of viral glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. Cell 1990, 62:63-72.
41. Dupree J.L., Girault J.A., Popko B. Axo-glial interactions regulate the localization of axonal paranodal proteins. J. Cell Biol. 1999, 147:1145-1152.
42. Dworetzky S.I., Boissard C.G., Lum-Ragan J.T., McKay M.C., Post-Munson D.J., Trojnacki J.T., Chang C.P., Gribkoff V.K. Phenotypic alteration of a human BK (hSlo) channel by hSlobeta subunit coexpression: changes in blocker sensitivity, activation/relaxation and inactivation kinetics, and protein kinase A modulation. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:4543-4550.
43. Elezgarai I., Diez J., Puente N., Azkue J.J., Benitez R., Bilbao A., Knopfel T., Donate-Oliver F., Grandes P. Subcellular localization of the voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv3.1b in postnatal and adult rat medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Neuroscience 2003, 118:889-898.
44. Enyedi P., Czirjak G. Molecular background of leak K+ currents: two-pore domain potassium channels. Physiol. Rev. 2010, 90:559-605.
45. Faber E.S., Sah P. Calcium-activated potassium channels: multiple contributions to neuronal function. Neuroscientist 2003, 181-194.
46. Fodor A.A., Aldrich R.W. Convergent evolution of alternative splices at domain boundaries of the BK channel. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2009, 71:19-36.
47. Gan L., Kaczmarek L.K. When, where, and how much? Expression of the Kv3.1 potassium channel in high-frequency firing neurons. J. Neurobiol. 1998, 37:69-79.
48. Garcia-Pino E., Caminos E., Juiz J.M. KCNQ5 reaches synaptic endings in the auditory brainstem at hearing onset and targeting maintenance is activity-dependent. J. Comp. Neurol. 2010, 518:1301-1314.
49. Garrido J.J., Giraud P., Carlier E., Fernandes F., Moussif A., Fache M.P., Debanne D., Dargent B. A targeting motif involved in sodium channel clustering at the axonal initial segment. Science 2003, 300:2091-2094.
50. Gazula V.R., Strumbos J.G., Mei X., Chen H., Rahner C., Kaczmarek L.K. Localization of Kv1.3 channels in presynaptic terminals of brainstem auditory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 2010, 518:3205-3220.
51. Geiger J.R., Jonas P. Dynamic control of presynaptic Ca2+ inflow by fast-inactivating K+ channels in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. Neuron 2000, 28:927-939.
52. Gennerich A., Vale R.D. Walking the walk: how kinesin and dynein coordinate their steps. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2009, 21:59-67.
53. Glater E.E., Megeath L.J., Stowers R.S., Schwarz T.L. Axonal transport of mitochondria requires milton to recruit kinesin heavy chain and is light chain independent. J. Cell Biol. 2006, 173:545-557.
54. Goldberg E.M., Clark B.D., Zagha E., Nahmani M., Erisir A., Rudy B. K+ channels at the axon initial segment dampen near-threshold excitability of neocortical fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons. Neuron 2008, 58:387-400.
55. Goldberg E.M., Watanabe S., Chang S.Y., Joho R.H., Huang Z.J., Leonard C.S., Rudy B. Specific functions of synaptically localized potassium channels in synaptic transmission at the neocortical GABAergic fast-spiking cell synapse. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:5230-5235.
56. Goldstein L.S. Kinesin molecular motors: transport pathways, receptors, and human disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:6999-7003.
57. Goldstein S.A., Bockenhauer D., O'Kelly I., Zilberberg N. Potassium leak channels and the KCNK family of two-P-domain subunits. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2:175-184.
58. Grimes W.N., Li W., Chavez A.E., Diamond J.S. BK channels modulate pre- and postsynaptic signaling at reciprocal synapses in retina. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:585-592.
59. Grosse G., Draguhn A., Hohne L., Tapp R., Veh R.W., Ahnert-Hilger G. Expression of Kv1 potassium channels in mouse hippocampal primary cultures: development and activity-dependent regulation. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:1869-1882.
60. Grubb M.S., Burrone J. Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability. Nature 2010, 465:1070-1074.
61. Gu C., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. A conserved domain in axonal targeting of Kv1 (Shaker) voltage-gated potassium channels. Science 2003, 301:646-649.
62. Gu C., Zhou W., Puthenveedu M.A., Xu M., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. The microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1 is required for Kv1 voltage-gated K+ channel axonal targeting. Neuron 2006, 52:803-816.
63. Gu Y., Gu C. Dynamics of Kv1 channel transport in axons. PLoS One 2010, 5:e11931.
64. Gutman G.A., Chandy K.G., Grissmer S., Lazdunski M., McKinnon D., Pardo L.A., Robertson G.A., Rudy B., Sanguinetti M.C., Stuhmer W., Wang X. International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels. Pharmacol. Rev. 2005, 57:473-508.
65. Hattan D., Nesti E., Cachero T.G., Morielli A.D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Kv1.2 modulates its interaction with the actin-binding protein cortactin. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:38596-38606.
66. Hedstrom K.L., Ogawa Y., Rasband M.N. AnkyrinG is required for maintenance of the axon initial segment and neuronal polarity. J. Cell Biol. 2008, 183:635-640.
67. Hibino H., Inanobe A., Furutani K., Murakami S., Findlay I., Kurachi Y. Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, and physiological roles. Physiol. Rev. 2010, 90:291-366.
68. Hill A.S., Nishino A., Nakajo K., Zhang G., Fineman J.R., Selzer M.E., Okamura Y., Cooper E.C. Ion channel clustering at the axon initial segment and node of Ranvier evolved sequentially in early chordates. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4:e1000317.
69. Hille, B., 2001. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes, third ed.
70. Hirokawa N., Noda Y. Intracellular transport and kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs: structure, function, and dynamics. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88:1089-1118.
71. Hirokawa N., Noda Y., Tanaka Y., Niwa S. Kinesin superfamily motor proteins and intracellular transport. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2009, 10:682-696.
72. Hirokawa N., Takemura R. Molecular motors and mechanisms of directional transport in neurons. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005, 6:201-214.
73. Horresh I., Bar V., Kissil J.L., Peles E. Organization of myelinated axons by Caspr and Caspr2 requires the cytoskeletal adapter protein 4.1B. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:2480-2489.
74. Horresh I., Poliak S., Grant S., Bredt D., Rasband M.N., Peles E. Multiple molecular interactions determine the clustering of Caspr2 and Kv1 channels in myelinated axons. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:14213-14222.
75. Hu H., Shao L.R., Chavoshy S., Gu N., Trieb M., Behrens R., Laake P., Pongs O., Knaus H.G., Ottersen O.P., Storm J.F. Presynaptic Ca2+-activated K+ channels in glutamatergic hippocampal terminals and their role in spike repolarization and regulation of transmitter release. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:9585-9597.
76. Hu W., Tian C., Li T., Yang M., Hou H., Shu Y. Distinct contributions of Na(v)1.6 and Na(v)1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:996-1002.
77. Inda M.C., DeFelipe J., Munoz A. Voltage-gated ion channels in the axon initial segment of human cortical pyramidal cells and their relationship with chandelier cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:2920-2925.
78. Ishibashi T., Dupree J.L., Ikenaka K., Hirahara Y., Honke K., Peles E., Popko B., Suzuki K., Nishino H., Baba H. A myelin galactolipid, sulfatide, is essential for maintenance of ion channels on myelinated axon but not essential for initial cluster formation. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:6507-6514.
79. Ishikawa T., Nakamura Y., Saitoh N., Li W.B., Iwasaki S., Takahashi T. Distinct roles of Kv1 and Kv3 potassium channels at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:10445-10453.
80. Itri J.N., Michel S., Vansteensel M.J., Meijer J.H., Colwell C.S. Fast delayed rectifier potassium current is required for circadian neural activity. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:650-656.
81. Jenkins S.M., Bennett V. Ankyrin-G coordinates assembly of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, voltage-gated sodium channels, and L1 CAMs at Purkinje neuron initial segments. J. Cell Biol. 2001, 155:739-746.
82. Jensen H.S., Callo K., Jespersen T., Jensen B.S., Olesen S.P. The KCNQ5 potassium channel from mouse: a broadly expressed M-current like potassium channel modulated by zinc, pH, and volume changes. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 139:52-62.
83. Jentsch T.J. Neuronal KCNQ potassium channels: physiology and role in disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 1:21-30.
84. Jha S., Dryer S.E. The beta1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase interacts with BKCa channels and affects their steady-state expression on the cell surface. FEBS Lett. 2009, 583:3109-3114.
85. Jiang Z., Wallner M., Meera P., Toro L. Human and rodent MaxiK channel beta-subunit genes: cloning and characterization. Genomics 1999, 55:57-67.
86. Johnston J., Griffin S.J., Baker C., Skrzypiec A., Chernova T., Forsythe I.D. Initial segment Kv2.2 channels mediate a slow delayed rectifier and maintain high frequency action potential firing in medial nucleus of the trapezoid body neurons. J. Physiol. 2008, 586:3493-3509.
87. Jonas P., Bischofberger J., Fricker D., Miles R. Interneuron Diversity series: Fast in, fast out-temporal and spatial signal processing in hippocampal interneurons. Trends Neurosci. 2004, 27:30-40.
88. Kalman K., Nguyen A., Tseng-Crank J., Dukes I.D., Chandy G., Hustad C.M., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Mohrenweiser H., Brandriff B., Cahalan M., Gutman G.A., Chandy K.G. Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, tissue distribution, and biophysical characterization of a novel mammalian Shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.7. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:5851-5857.
89. Kharkovets T., Hardelin J.P., Safieddine S., Schweizer M., El-Amraoui A., Petit C., Jentsch T.J. KCNQ4, a K+ channel mutated in a form of dominant deafness, is expressed in the inner ear and the central auditory pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000, 97:4333-4338.
90. Kim E.Y., Alvarez-Baron C.P., Dryer S.E. Canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC)3 and TRPC6 associate with large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels: role in BKCa trafficking to the surface of cultured podocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 2009, 75:466-477.
91. Kim E.Y., Choi K.J., Dryer S.E. Nephrin binds to the COOH terminus of a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel isoform and regulates its expression on the cell surface. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2008, 295:F235-246.
92. Knaus H.G., Schwarzer C., Koch R.O., Eberhart A., Kaczorowski G.J., Glossmann H., Wunder F., Pongs O., Garcia M.L., Sperk G. Distribution of high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat brain: targeting to axons and nerve terminals. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:955-963.
93. Koch R.O., Wanner S.G., Koschak A., Hanner M., Schwarzer C., Kaczorowski G.J., Slaughter R.S., Garcia M.L., Knaus H.G. Complex subunit assembly of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels. Basis for high-affinity toxin interactions and pharmacology. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:27577-27581.
94. Koh K., Joiner W.J., Wu M.N., Yue Z., Smith C.J., Sehgal A. Identification of SLEEPLESS, a sleep-promoting factor. Science 2008, 321:372-376.
95. Kole M.H., Letzkus J.J., Stuart G.J. Axon initial segment Kv1 channels control axonal action potential waveform and synaptic efficacy. Neuron 2007, 55:633-647.
96. Kosolapov A., Tu L., Wang J., Deutsch C. Structure acquisition of the T1 domain of Kv1.3 during biogenesis. Neuron 2004, 44:295-307.
97. Kuba H., Oichi Y., Ohmori H. Presynaptic activity regulates Na+ channel distribution at the axon initial segment. Nature 2010, 465:1075-1078.
98. Kubisch C., Schroeder B.C., Friedrich T., Lutjohann B., El-Amraoui A., Marlin S., Petit C., Jentsch T.J. KCNQ4, a novel potassium channel expressed in sensory outer hair cells, is mutated in dominant deafness. Cell 1999, 96:437-446.
99. Lai H.C., Jan L.Y. The distribution and targeting of neuronal voltage-gated ion channels. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:548-562.
100. Lancaster B., Nicoll R.A. Properties of two calcium-activated hyperpolarizations in rat hippocampal neurones. J. Physiol. 1987, 389:187-203.
101. Lerche C., Scherer C.R., Seebohm G., Derst C., Wei A.D., Busch A.E., Steinmeyer K. Molecular cloning and functional expression of KCNQ5, a potassium channel subunit that may contribute to neuronal M-current diversity. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:22395-22400.
102. Lesage F., Guillemare E., Fink M., Duprat F., Lazdunski M., Romey G., Barhanin J. TWIK-1, a ubiquitous human weakly inward rectifying K+ channel with a novel structure. EMBO J. 1996, 15:1004-1011.
103. Li X., Ascoli G.A. Computational simulation of the input-output relationship in hippocampal pyramidal cells. J. Comput. Neurosci. 2006, 21:191-209.
104. Li Y., Um S.Y., McDonald T.V. Voltage-gated potassium channels: regulation by accessory subunits. Neuroscientist 2006, 12:199-210.
105. Lim H.H., Park C.S. Identification and functional characterization of ankyrin-repeat family protein ANKRA as a protein interacting with BKCa channel. Mol. Biol. Cell 2005, 16:1013-1025.
106. Lippiat J.D., Standen N.B., Harrow I.D., Phillips S.C., Davies N.W. Properties of BK(Ca) channels formed by bicistronic expression of hSloalpha and beta1-4 subunits in HEK293 cells. J. Membr. Biol. 2003, 192:141-148.
107. Lorincz A., Nusser Z. Cell-type-dependent molecular composition of the axon initial segment. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:14329-14340.
108. Loussouarn G., Rose T., Nichols C.G. Structural basis of inward rectifying potassium channel gating. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2002, 12:253-258.
109. Luisi R., Panza E., Barrese V., Iannotti F.A., Viggiano D., Secondo A., Canzoniero L.M., Martire M., Annunziato L., Taglialatela M. Activation of pre-synaptic M-type K+ channels inhibits [3H]D-aspartate release by reducing Ca2+ entry through P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. J. Neurochem. 2009, 109:168-181.
110. Luneau C.J., Williams J.B., Marshall J., Levitan E.S., Oliva C., Smith J.S., Antanavage J., Folander K., Stein R.B., Swanson R., et al. Alternative splicing contributes to K+ channel diversity in the mammalian central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1991, 88:3932-3936.
111. Luscher C., Slesinger P.A. Emerging roles for G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:301-315.
112. Macica C.M., Kaczmarek L.K. Casein kinase 2 determines the voltage dependence of the Kv3.1 channel in auditory neurons and transfected cells. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:1160-1168.
113. Macica C.M., von Hehn C.A., Wang L.Y., Ho C.S., Yokoyama S., Joho R.H., Kaczmarek L.K. Modulation of the kv3.1b potassium channel isoform adjusts the fidelity of the firing pattern of auditory neurons. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:1133-1141.
114. Manganas L.N., Trimmer J.S. Calnexin regulates mammalian Kv1 channel trafficking. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004, 322:577-584.
115. Marrion N.V., Tavalin S.J. Selective activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels by co-localized Ca2+ channels in hippocampal neurons. Nature 1998, 395:900-905.
116. Martina M., Yao G.L., Bean B.P. Properties and functional role of voltage-dependent potassium channels in dendrites of rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:5698-5707.
117. Martire M., Castaldo P., D'Amico M., Preziosi P., Annunziato L., Taglialatela M. M channels containing KCNQ2 subunits modulate norepinephrine, aspartate, and GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:592-597.
118. McNamara N.M., Muniz Z.M., Wilkin G.P., Dolly J.O. Prominent location of a K+ channel containing the alpha subunit Kv 1.2 in the basket cell nerve terminals of rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 1993, 57:1039-1045.
119. Misonou H., Menegola M., Buchwalder L., Park E.W., Meredith A., Rhodes K.J., Aldrich R.W., Trimmer J.S. Immunolocalization of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel Slo1 in axons and nerve terminals of mammalian brain and cultured neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 496:289-302.
120. Monaghan M.M., Trimmer J.S., Rhodes K.J. Experimental localization of Kv1 family voltage-gated K+ channel alpha and beta subunits in rat hippocampal formation. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:5973-5983.
121. Nesti E., Everill B., Morielli A.D. Endocytosis as a mechanism for tyrosine kinase-dependent suppression of a voltage-gated potassium channel. Mol. Biol. Cell 2004, 15:4073-4088.
122. Ogawa Y., Horresh I., Trimmer J.S., Bredt D.S., Peles E., Rasband M.N. Postsynaptic density-93 clusters Kv1 channels at axon initial segments independently of Caspr2. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:5731-5739.
123. Ogawa Y., Oses-Prieto J., Kim M.Y., Horresh I., Peles E., Burlingame A.L., Trimmer J.S., Meijer D., Rasband M.N. ADAM22, a Kv1 channel-interacting protein, recruits membrane-associated guanylate kinases to juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:1038-1048.
124. Ozaita A., Martone M.E., Ellisman M.H., Rudy B. Differential subcellular localization of the two alternatively spliced isoforms of the Kv3.1 potassium channel subunit in brain. J. Neurophysiol. 2002, 88:394-408.
125. Pan Z., Kao T., Horvath Z., Lemos J., Sul J.Y., Cranstoun S.D., Bennett V., Scherer S.S., Cooper E.C. A common ankyrin-G-based mechanism retains KCNQ and NaV channels at electrically active domains of the axon. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2599-2613.
126. Pannasch U., Farber K., Nolte C., Blonski M., Yan Chiu S., Messing A., Kettenmann H. The potassium channels Kv1.5 and Kv1.3 modulate distinct functions of microglia. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 2006, 33:401-411.
127. Park S.M., Liu G., Kubal A., Fury M., Cao L., Marx S.O. Direct interaction between BKCa potassium channel and microtubule-associated protein 1A. FEBS Lett. 2004, 570:143-148.
128. Peretz A., Sheinin A., Yue C., Degani-Katzav N., Gibor G., Nachman R., Gopin A., Tam E., Shabat D., Yaari Y., Attali B. Pre- and postsynaptic activation of M-channels by a novel opener dampens neuronal firing and transmitter release. J. Neurophysiol. 2007, 97:283-295.
129. Perney T.M., Marshall J., Martin K.A., Hockfield S., Kaczmarek L.K. Expression of the mRNAs for the Kv3.1 potassium channel gene in the adult and developing rat brain. J. Neurophysiol. 1992, 68:756-766.
130. Petersen O.H., Maruyama Y. Calcium-activated potassium channels and their role in secretion. Nature 1984, 307:693-696.
131. Poliak S., Gollan L., Martinez R., Custer A., Einheber S., Salzer J.L., Trimmer J.S., Shrager P., Peles E. Caspr2, a new member of the neurexin superfamily, is localized at the juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons and associates with K+ channels. Neuron 1999, 24:1037-1047.
132. Poliak S., Peles E. The local differentiation of myelinated axons at nodes of Ranvier. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:968-980.
133. Poliak S., Salomon D., Elhanany H., Sabanay H., Kiernan B., Pevny L., Stewart C.L., Xu X., Chiu S.Y., Shrager P., Furley A.J., Peles E. Juxtaparanodal clustering of Shaker-like K+ channels in myelinated axons depends on Caspr2 and TAG-1. J. Cell Biol. 2003, 162:1149-1160.
134. Ponce A., Vega-Saenz de Miera E., Kentros C., Moreno H., Thornhill B., Rudy B. K+ channel subunit isoforms with divergent carboxy-terminal sequences carry distinct membrane targeting signals. J. Membr. Biol. 1997, 159:149-159.
135. Pongs O., Leicher T., Berger M., Roeper J., Bahring R., Wray D., Giese K.P., Silva A.J., Storm J.F. Functional and molecular aspects of voltage-gated K+ channel beta subunits. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1999, 868:344-355.
136. Pongs O., Schwarz J.R. Ancillary subunits associated with voltage-dependent K+ channels. Physiol. Rev. 2010, 90:755-796.
137. Raffaelli G., Saviane C., Mohajerani M.H., Pedarzani P., Cherubini E. BK potassium channels control transmitter release at CA3-CA3 synapses in the rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 2004, 557:147-157.
138. Rasband M.N. It's " juxta" potassium channel!. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 76:749-757.
139. Rasband M.N., Park E.W., Vanderah T.W., Lai J., Porreca F., Trimmer J.S. Distinct potassium channels on pain-sensing neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:13373-13378.
140. Rasband M.N., Park E.W., Zhen D., Arbuckle M.I., Poliak S., Peles E., Grant S.G., Trimmer J.S. Clustering of neuronal potassium channels is independent of their interaction with PSD-95. J. Cell Biol. 2002, 159:663-672.
141. Rasband M.N., Trimmer J.S. Subunit composition and novel localization of K+ channels in spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 2001, 429:166-176.
142. Rasband M.N., Trimmer J.S., Peles E., Levinson S.R., Shrager P. K+ channel distribution and clustering in developing and hypomyelinated axons of the optic nerve. J. Neurocytol. 1999, 28:319-331.
143. Rasband M.N., Trimmer J.S., Schwarz T.L., Levinson S.R., Ellisman M.H., Schachner M., Shrager P. Potassium channel distribution, clustering, and function in remyelinating rat axons. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:36-47.
144. Rasmussen H.B., Frokjaer-Jensen C., Jensen C.S., Jensen H.S., Jorgensen N.K., Misonou H., Trimmer J.S., Olesen S.P., Schmitt N. Requirement of subunit co-assembly and ankyrin-G for M-channel localization at the axon initial segment. J. Cell. Sci. 2007, 120:953-963.
145. Rettig J., Heinemann S.H., Wunder F., Lorra C., Parcej D.N., Dolly J.O., Pongs O. Inactivation properties of voltage-gated K+ channels altered by presence of beta-subunit. Nature 1994, 369:289-294.
146. Rettig J., Wunder F., Stocker M., Lichtinghagen R., Mastiaux F., Beckh S., Kues W., Pedarzani P., Schroter K.H., Ruppersberg J.P. Characterization of a Shaw-related potassium channel family in rat brain. EMBO J. 1992, 11:2473-2486.
147. Rhodes K.J., Keilbaugh S.A., Barrezueta N.X., Lopez K.L., Trimmer J.S. Association and colocalization of K+ channel alpha- and beta-subunit polypeptides in rat brain. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:5360-5371.
148. Rhodes K.J., Monaghan M.M., Barrezueta N.X., Nawoschik S., Bekele-Arcuri Z., Matos M.F., Nakahira K., Schechter L.E., Trimmer J.S. Voltage-gated K+ channel beta subunits: expression and distribution of Kv beta 1 and Kv beta 2 in adult rat brain. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:4846-4860.
149. Rhodes K.J., Strassle B.W., Monaghan M.M., BekeleArcuri Z., Matos M.F., Trimmer J.S. Association and colocalization of the Kv beta 1 and Kv beta 2 beta-subunits with Kv1 alpha-subunits in mammalian brain K+ channel complexes. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:8246-8258.
150. Ridgway L.D., Kim E.Y., Dryer S.E. MAGI-1 interacts with Slo1 channel proteins and suppresses Slo1 expression on the cell surface. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2009, 297:C55-65.
151. Rivera J., Chu P.J., Lewis T.L., Arnold D.B. The role of Kif5B in axonal localization of Kv1 K+ channels. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2007, 25:136-146.
152. Rivera J.F., Chu P.J., Arnold D.B. The T1 domain of Kv1.3 mediates intracellular targeting to axons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 22:1853-1862.
153. Robitaille R., Garcia M.L., Kaczorowski G.J., Charlton M.P. Functional colocalization of calcium and calcium-gated potassium channels in control of transmitter release. Neuron 1993, 11:645-655.
154. Roche J.P., Westenbroek R., Sorom A.J., Hille B., Mackie K., Shapiro M.S. Antibodies and a cysteine-modifying reagent show correspondence of M current in neurons to KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 K+ channels. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2002, 137:1173-1186.
155. Rudy B., Chow A., Lau D., Amarillo Y., Ozaita A., Saganich M., Moreno H., Nadal M.S., Hernandez-Pineda R., Hernandez-Cruz A., Erisir A., Leonard C., Vega-Saenz de Miera E. Contributions of Kv3 channels to neuronal excitability. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1999, 868:304-343.
156. Rudy B., McBain C.J. Kv3 channels: voltage-gated K+ channels designed for high-frequency repetitive firing. Trends Neurosci. 2001, 24:517-526.
157. Sailer C.A., Kaufmann W.A., Kogler M., Chen L., Sausbier U., Ottersen O.P., Ruth P., Shipston M.J., Knaus H.G. Immunolocalization of BK channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 24:442-454.
158. Salkoff L., Butler A., Ferreira G., Santi C., Wei A. High-conductance potassium channels of the SLO family. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:921-931.
159. Salzer J.L. Polarized domains of myelinated axons. Neuron 2003, 40:297-318.
160. Sarmiere P.D., Weigle C.M., Tamkun M.M. The Kv2.1K+ channel targets to the axon initial segment of hippocampal and cortical neurons in culture and in situ. BMC Neurosci. 2008, 9:112.
161. Sausbier M., Hu H., Arntz C., Feil S., Kamm S., Adelsberger H., Sausbier U., Sailer C.A., Feil R., Hofmann F., Korth M., Shipston M.J., Knaus H.G., Wolfer D.P., Pedroarena C.M., Storm J.F., Ruth P. Cerebellar ataxia and Purkinje cell dysfunction caused by Ca2+-activated K+ channel deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101:9474-9478.
162. Savvaki M., Theodorakis K., Zoupi L., Stamatakis A., Tivodar S., Kyriacou K., Stylianopoulou F., Karagogeos D. The expression of TAG-1 in glial cells is sufficient for the formation of the juxtaparanodal complex and the phenotypic rescue of tag-1 homozygous mutants in the CNS. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:13943-13954.
163. Schaeren-Wiemers N., Bonnet A., Erb M., Erne B., Bartsch U., Kern F., Mantei N., Sherman D., Suter U. The raft-associated protein MAL is required for maintenance of proper axon--glia interactions in the central nervous system. J. Cell Biol. 2004, 166:731-742.
164. Schroeder B.C., Hechenberger M., Weinreich F., Kubisch C., Jentsch T.J. KCNQ5, a novel potassium channel broadly expressed in brain, mediates M-type currents. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:24089-24095.
165. Schroeder B.C., Kubisch C., Stein V., Jentsch T.J. Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy. Nature 1998, 396:687-690.
166. Schulte U., Thumfart J.O., Klocker N., Sailer C.A., Bildl W., Biniossek M., Dehn D., Deller T., Eble S., Abbass K., Wangler T., Knaus H.G., Fakler B. The epilepsy-linked Lgi1 protein assembles into presynaptic Kv1 channels and inhibits inactivation by Kvbeta1. Neuron 2006, 49:697-706.
167. Sekirnjak C., Martone M.E., Weiser M., Deerinck T., Bueno E., Rudy B., Ellisman M. Subcellular localization of the K+ channel subunit Kv3.1b in selected rat CNS neurons. Brain Res. 1997, 766:173-187.
168. Setou M., Nakagawa T., Seog D.H., Hirokawa N. Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport. Science 2000, 288:1796-1802.
169. Setou M., Seog D.H., Tanaka Y., Kanai Y., Takei Y., Kawagishi M., Hirokawa N. Glutamate-receptor-interacting protein GRIP1 directly steers kinesin to dendrites. Nature 2002, 417:83-87.
170. Shah M.M., Migliore M., Valencia I., Cooper E.C., Brown D.A. Functional significance of axonal Kv7 channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105:7869-7874.
171. Sheng M., Tsaur M.L., Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. Subcellular segregation of 2 A-Type K+ channel proteins in rat central neurons. Neuron 1992, 9:271-284.
172. Shu Y., Yu Y., Yang J., McCormick D.A. Selective control of cortical axonal spikes by a slowly inactivating K+ current. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104:11453-11458.
173. Sobotzik J.M., Sie J.M., Politi C., Del Turco D., Bennett V., Deller T., Schultz C. AnkyrinG is required to maintain axo-dendritic polarity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106:17564-17569.
174. Song A.H., Wang D., Chen G., Li Y., Luo J., Duan S., Poo M.M. A selective filter for cytoplasmic transport at the axon initial segment. Cell 2009, 136:1148-1160.
175. Song P., Yang Y., Barnes-Davies M., Bhattacharjee A., Hamann M., Forsythe I.D., Oliver D.L., Kaczmarek L.K. Acoustic environment determines phosphorylation state of the Kv3.1 potassium channel in auditory neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:1335-1342.
176. Southan A.P., Robertson B. Electrophysiological characterization of voltage-gated K+ currents in cerebellar basket and Purkinje cells: Kv1 and Kv3 channel subfamilies are present in basket cell nerve terminals. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:114-122.
177. Strumbos J.G., Polley D.B., Kaczmarek L.K. Specific and rapid effects of acoustic stimulation on the tonotopic distribution of Kv3.1b potassium channels in the adult rat. Neuroscience 2010, 167:567-572.
178. Sun X.P., Yazejian B., Grinnell A.D. Electrophysiological properties of BK channels in Xenopus motor nerve terminals. J. Physiol. 2004, 557:207-228.
179. Swensen A.M., Bean B.P. Ionic mechanisms of burst firing in dissociated Purkinje neurons. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:9650-9663.
180. Talley E.M., Sirois J.E., Lei Q., Bayliss D.A. Two-pore-Domain (KCNK) potassium channels: dynamic roles in neuronal function. Neuroscientist 2003, 9:46-56.
181. Tanaka H., Ma J., Tanaka K.F., Takao K., Komada M., Tanda K., Suzuki A., Ishibashi T., Baba H., Isa T., Shigemoto R., Ono K., Miyakawa T., Ikenaka K. Mice with altered myelin proteolipid protein gene expression display cognitive deficits accompanied by abnormal neuron-glia interactions and decreased conduction velocities. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:8363-8371.
182. Torres Y.P., Morera F.J., Carvacho I., Latorre R. A marriage of convenience: beta-subunits and voltage-dependent K+ channels. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:24485-24489.
183. Traka M., Dupree J.L., Popko B., Karagogeos D. The neuronal adhesion protein TAG-1 is expressed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes and is localized to the juxtaparanodal region of myelinated fibers. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:3016-3024.
184. Traka M., Goutebroze L., Denisenko N., Bessa M., Nifli A., Havaki S., Iwakura Y., Fukamauchi F., Watanabe K., Soliven B., Girault J.A., Karagogeos D. Association of TAG-1 with Caspr2 is essential for the molecular organization of juxtaparanodal regions of myelinated fibers. J. Cell Biol. 2003, 162:1161-1172.
185. Trimmer J.S., Rhodes K.J. Localization of voltage-gated ion channels in mammalian brain. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2004, 66:477-519.
186. Tsai W., Morielli A.D., Peralta E.G. The m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor transactivates the EGF receptor to modulate ion channel activity. EMBO J. 1997, 16:4597-4605.
187. Tzingounis A.V., Heidenreich M., Kharkovets T., Spitzmaul G., Jensen H.S., Nicoll R.A., Jentsch T.J. The KCNQ5 potassium channel mediates a component of the afterhyperpolarization current in mouse hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:10232-10237.
188. Vabnick I., Trimmer J.S., Schwarz T.L., Levinson S.R., Risal D., Shrager P. Dynamic potassium channel distributions during axonal development prevent aberrant firing patterns. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:747-758.
189. Vacher H., Mohapatra D.P., Trimmer J.S. Localization and targeting of voltage-dependent ion channels in mammalian central neurons. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88:1407-1447.
190. Vacher H., Yang J.W., Cerda O., Autillo-Touati A., Dargent B., Trimmer J.S. Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of the Kvβ2 auxiliary subunit regulates Kv1 channel axonal targeting. J. Cell Biol. 2011, 192:813-824.
191. Van Wart A., Trimmer J.S., Matthews G. Polarized distribution of ion channels within microdomains of the axon initial segment. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 500:339-352.
192. Veh R.W., Lichtinghagen R., Sewing S., Wunder F., Grumbach I.M., Pongs O. Immunohistochemical Localization of 5 Members of the Kv1 Channel Subunits - Contrasting Subcellular Locations and Neuron-Specific Co-Localizations in Rat-Brain. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1995, 7:2189-2205.
193. Vervaeke K., Gu N., Agdestein C., Hu H., Storm J.F. Kv7/KCNQ/M-channels in rat glutamatergic hippocampal axons and their role in regulation of excitability and transmitter release. J. Physiol. 2006, 576:235-256.
194. Wallner M., Meera P., Toro L. Determinant for beta-subunit regulation in high-conductance voltage-activated and Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels: an additional transmembrane region at the N terminus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93:14922-14927.
195. Wang H., Allen M.L., Grigg J.J., Noebels J.L., Tempel B.L. Hypomyelination alters K+ channel expression in mouse mutants shiverer and Trembler. Neuron 1995, 15:1337-1347.
196. Wang H., Kunkel D.D., Martin T.M., Schwartzkroin P.A., Tempel B.L. Heteromultimeric K+ channels in terminal and juxtaparanodal regions of neurons. Nature 1993, 365:75-79.
197. Wang H., Kunkel D.D., Schwartzkroin P.A., Tempel B.L. Localization of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, two K+ channel proteins, to synaptic terminals, somata, and dendrites in the mouse brain. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:4588-4599.
198. Wang Z.W., Saifee O., Nonet M.L., Salkoff L. SLO-1 potassium channels control quantal content of neurotransmitter release at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction. Neuron 2001, 32:867-881.
199. Weatherall K.L., Goodchild S.J., Jane D.E., Marrion N.V. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels: from structure to function. Prog. Neurobiol. 2010, 91:242-255.
200. Weiser M., Bueno E., Sekirnjak C., Martone M.E., Baker H., Hillman D., Chen S., Thornhill W., Ellisman M., Rudy B. The potassium channel subunit KV3.1b is localized to somatic and axonal membranes of specific populations of CNS neurons. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:4298-4314.
201. Weiser M., Vega-Saenz de Miera E., Kentros C., Moreno H., Franzen L., Hillman D., Baker H., Rudy B. Differential expression of Shaw-related K+ channels in the rat central nervous system. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:949-972.
202. Womack M.D., Khodakhah K. Dendritic control of spontaneous bursting in cerebellar Purkinje cells. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:3511-3521.
203. Wu M.N., Joiner W.J., Dean T., Yue Z., Smith C.J., Chen D., Hoshi T., Sehgal A., Koh K. SLEEPLESS, a Ly-6/neurotoxin family member, regulates the levels, localization and activity of Shaker. Nat. Neurosci. 2010, 13:69-75.
204. Xu M., Cao R., Xiao R., Zhu M.X., Gu C. The axon-dendrite targeting of Kv3 (Shaw) channels is determined by a targeting motif that associates with the T1 domain and ankyrin G. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:14158-14170.
205. Xu M., Gu Y., Barry J., Gu C. Kinesin I transports tetramerized Kv3 channels through the axon initial segment via direct binding. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:15987-16001.
206. Yan J., Aldrich R.W. LRRC26 auxiliary protein allows BK channel activation at resting voltage without calcium. Nature 2010, 466:513-516.
207. Zadeh A.D., Cheng Y., Xu H., Wong N., Wang Z., Goonasekara C., Steele D.F., Fedida D. Kif5b is an essential forward trafficking motor for the Kv1.5 cardiac potassium channel. J. Physiol. 2009, 587:4565-4574.
208. Zhou L., Messing A., Chiu S.Y. Determinants of excitability at transition zones in Kv1.1-deficient myelinated nerves. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:5768-5781.
209. Zhou L., Zhang C.L., Messing A., Chiu S.Y. Temperature-sensitive neuromuscular transmission in Kv1.1 null mice: Role of potassium channels under the myelin sheath in young nerves. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:7200-7215.