Subjects of stalled revolution: A theoretical consideration of contemporary American Femininity

Feminist Theory

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 75-91

  Carlson, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

agency; femininity; gender; resistance; sport; subjectivity

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955728414     PISSN: 14647001     EISSN: 17412773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1464700110390605     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adams NG and Bettis PJ (2003) Cheerleader! An American Icon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Adams N., Schmitke A., and Franklin A. (2005) Tomboys, dykes, and girly girls: Interrogating the subjectivities of adolescent female athletes. Women's Studies Quarterly 33(1&2): 17-34.
3. Bartky S. (1988) Foucault, femininity and the modernization of patriarchal power. In: Diamond I and Quinby L (eds) Femininity and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 61-86.
4. de Beauvoir S. (1989) The Second Sex. New York: Random House.
5. Bordo S. (1993) Unbearable Weight. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6. Bowlby R. (1987) The problem with no name': Rereading Friedan's 'The Feminine Mystique. Feminist Review 27: 61-75.
7. Brown W. (1997) The impossibility of women's studies. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 9(3): 79-101.
8. Butler J. (1990) Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge.
9. Butler J. (1995) Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge.
10. Butler J. (1998) Athletic genders: Hyperbolic instance and/or the overcoming of sexual binarism. Stanford Humanities Review 6(2): 103-111. Available at (accessed 9 October 2009): http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/6-2/html/butler.html.
11. Cahn S. (1995) Coming on Strong: Gender and Sexuality in Twentieth-Century Women's Sport. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. CBS News (2008) Asking for policy specifics, Palin offers generalities. 17 September. Available at (accessed 9 October 2009): http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2008/09/17/politics/fromtheroad/entry4456592.shtml.
13. Chodorow N. (1974) Family structure and feminine personality. In: Rosaldo M and Lamphere L (eds) Women, Culture, and Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 43-66.
14. Chodorow N. (1995) Gender as a personal and cultural construction. Signs 20(3): 516-544.
15. Connell R. (2005) Masculinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
16. Detroit Free Press (2009) Retailer by day, Detroit Derby Girl by night. 1 October. Available at (accessed 9 October 2009): http://www.freep.com/article/20091001/ENT01/910010314/1035/Ent/Retailer-by-day-Detroit-Derby-Girl-by-night.
17. England P. (2010) The gender revolution: Uneven and stalled. Gender and Society 24(2): 149-166.
18. Ezzell M. (2009) 'Barbie dolls' on the pitch: Identity work, defensive othering, and inequality in women's rugby. Social Problems 56(1): 111-131.
19. Foucault M. (1975) Discipline and Punish. New York: Random House.
20. Foucault M. (1978) The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction. New York: Random House.
21. Foucault M. (1988) The History of Sexuality, Volume III: The Care of the Self. New York: Random House.
22. Foucault M. (1990) The History of Sexuality, Volume II: The Use of Pleasure. New York: Random House.
23. Foucault M. (2005) The Hermeneutics of the Subject. New York: Picador.
24. Friedan B. (2001) The Feminine Mystique. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
25. Gilligan C. (1982) In a Different Voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
26. Guardian, The (2009) The power of pink. 12 December. Available at (accessed 10 October 2010): http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/dec/12/pinkstinks-the-power-of-pink.
27. Hargreaves J. (1994) Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women's Sports. New York: Routledge.
28. Heywood L. and Dworkin S. (2003) Built to Win. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
29. Hochschild A. (1997) The Second Shift. New York: AVON Books.
30. hooks b (1981) Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
31. Horowitz D. (1996) Rethinking Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique: Labor union radicalism and feminism in cold war America. American Quarterly 48(1): 1-42.
32. Irigaray L. (1985) This Sex Which is Not One. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
33. Krane V., Choi PYL, Baird SM, Aimar CM, and Kauer KJ (2004) Living the paradox: Female athletes negotiate femininity and muscularity. Sex Roles 50(5/6): 315-328.
34. Kristeva J. (1982) Powers of Horror. New York: Columbia University Press.
35. Kuperberg A. and Stone P. (2008) The media depiction of women who opt out. Gender and Society 22(4): 497-517.
36. Leonard M. (2007) Gender in the Music Industry: Rock, Discourse and Girl Power. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
37. Lorber J. (1995) The Paradoxes of Gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
38. Los Angeles Times (2009) Palin unveils her latest persona. 18 November. Available at (accessed 30 November 2009): http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/laoe-continetti18-2009nov18,0,2921764.story.
39. Malcom NL (2003) Constructing female athleticism: A study of girls' recreational softball. American Behavioral Scientist 46(10): 1387-1404.
40. Messner M. (1989) Sports and male domination: The female athlete as contested ideological terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal 5(3): 197-211.
41. Messner M. (2002) Taking the Field: Women, Men, and Sports. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
42. New York Daily News (2009) NYC's roller derby girls are athletes who like to rough it. 27 September. Available at (accessed 9 October 2009): http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/2009/09/27/2009-09-27_nycs_roller_derby_girls_are_athletes_who_like_to_rough_it.html.
43. Pascoe CJ (2007) Dude, You're a Fag. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
44. Schilt K. (2005) 'The punk white privilege scene': Riot grrrl, white privilege, and zines. In: Reger J (ed.) Different Wavelengths: Studies of the Contemporary Women's Movement. New York: Routledge, 39-56.
45. West C. and Zimmerman D. (1987) Doing gender. Gender and Society 1(2): 125-151.
46. Whip it! (2009) Dir. Drew Barrymore. Los Angeles, CA: Mandate Pictures.
47. Wittig M. (1992) The Straight Mind. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
48. Wolf N. (1991) The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty are Used against Women. New York: Anchor Books.
49. Women's Sports Foundation (2009) Women's Sports and Fitness Facts and Statistics. East Meadow, NY: Women's Sports Foundation.