A climatology of cloud-to-ground lightning over Estonia, 2005-2009

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 310-317

  Enno, S E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

Author keywords

Cloud to ground lightning; Detection; Estonia; Flash density

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL MEAN; CLOUD-TO-GROUND FLASH; CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING; DETECTION; DIURNAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ESTONIA; FLASH DENSITY; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; LIGHTNING DETECTION; LOCAL TIME; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; STUDY SITES; TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS; THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY;

CLIMATOLOGY; THUNDERSTORMS;

LIGHTNING;

CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;

ESTONIA;

EID: 79955663310     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.024     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Antonescu B., Burcea S. A cloud-to-ground lightning climatology for Romania. Mon. Weather Rev. 2010, 138:579-591.
2. Bernardi M., Ferrari D. Evaluation of the LLS efficiency effects on the ground flash density, using the Italian lightning detection system SIRF. J. Electrostat. 2004, 60:131-140.
3. Burrows W.R., King P., Lewis P.J., Kochtubajda B., Snyder B., Turcotte V. Lightning occurrence patterns over Canada and adjacent United States from lightning detection network observations. Atmos. Ocean 2002, 40:59-81.
4. Changnon S.A., Changnon D. Long-term fluctuations in thunderstorm activity in the United States. Clim. Change 2001, 50:489-503.
5. Clemente T., De Pablo F., Rivas Soriano L. Circulation weather types and cloud-to-ground flash density over the Iberian Peninsula. Int. J. Climatol. 2004, 24:109-123. 10.1002/joc.917.
6. Cummins K.L., Krider E.P., Malone M.D. The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by electric power utilities. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 1998, 40:465-480.
7. De Pablo F., Rivas Soriano L. Relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning flashes over the Iberian Peninsula and sea surface temperature. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2002, 128:173-183.
8. Diendorfer, G., 2008: Some comments on the achievable accuracy of local ground flash density values. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP 2008), Uppsala, Sweden 23-26 June 2008. (available at). http://www.aldis.at/pdf/12_ICLP_2008_DIN.pdf.
9. Huffines G.R., Orville R.E. Lightning ground flash density and thunderstorm duration in the continental United States: 1989-96. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1999, 38:1013-1019.
10. Orville R.E., Huffines G.R. Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN results in the first decade, 1989-98. Mon. Weather Rev. 2001, 129:1179-1193.
11. Orville R.E., Huffines G.R., Burrows W.R., Holle R.L., Cummins K.L. The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN)-first results: 1998-2000. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002, 130:2098-2109.
12. Pinto, O., 2008: An overview of cloud-to-ground lightning research in Brazil in the last two decades. Proceedings of the 20th International Lightning Detection Conference, Tuscon, Arizona, USA, 21-23 April 2008. (available at). http://www.vaisala.com/files/An_overview_of_cloud-to-ground_lightning_research_in_Brazil_in_the_last_two_decades.pdf.
13. Reap R.M., Orville R.E. The relationship between network lightning locations and surface hourly observations of thunderstorms. Mon. Weather Rev. 1990, 118:94-108.
14. Rivas Soriano L., De Pablo F. Effect of small urban areas in central Spain on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36:2809-2816.
15. Rivas Soriano L., De Pablo F. Study of lightning event duration and flash rate in the Iberian Peninsula using cloud-to-ground lightning data. Atmos. Res. 2002, 61:189-201.
16. Rivas Soriano L., De Pablo F., Garcia Diez E. Relationship between geographical latitude and longitude and cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the Iberian Peninsula. Atmosfera 2002, 15:139-146.
17. Rivas Soriano L., De Pablo F., Tomas C. Ten-year study of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the Iberian Peninsula. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 2005, 67:1632-1639.
18. Schultz M.D., Underwood S.J., Radhakrishnan P. A method to identify the optimal areal unit for NLDN cloud-to-ground lightning flash data analysis. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:739-744.
19. Schulz W., Cummins K., Diendorfer G., Dorninger M. Cloud-to-ground lightning in Austria: A 10-year study using data from a lightning location system. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110(D09101). 10.1029/2004JD005332.
20. Sonnadara U., Cooray V., Götschl T. Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes over Sweden. Phys. Scr. 2006, 74:541-548.
21. Tuomi T.J. Salamahavainnot 2005 - Lightning Observations in Finland, 2005 2005, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 40 pp.
22. Tuomi T.J., Larjavaara M. Identification and analysis of flash cells in thunderstorms. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:1191-1214. 10.1256/qj.04.64.
23. Tuomi T.J., Mäkelä A. Salamahavainnot 2006 - Lightning Observations in Finland, 2006 2006, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 39 pp.
24. Tuomi T.J., Mäkelä A. Salamahavainnot 2007 - Lightning Observations in Finland, 2007 2007, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 47 pp.
25. Tuomi T.J., Mäkelä A. Thunderstorm climate of Finland 1998-2007. Geophysica 2008, 44:67-80.
26. Tuomi T.J., Mäkelä A. Binomial model of lightning detection efficiency. Journal of Lightning Research 2008, 1:1-8.
27. Tuomi T.J., Mäkelä A. Salamahavainnot 2008 - Lightning Observations in Finland, 2008 2008, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 49 pp.
28. Westcott N.E. Summertime cloud-to-ground lightning activity around major Midwestern urban areas. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1995, 34:1633-1642.