Progress towards a needle-free hepatitis B vaccine

Pharmaceutical Research

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 986-1012

  Lebre, Filipa ^a,b   Borchard, Gerrit ^c   De Lima, Maria Conceição Pedroso ^a,d   Borges, Olga ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

adjuvant; hepatitis B antigen; needle free vaccine

Indexed keywords

ALGINIC ACID; ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; BACTERIAL VECTOR; BILOSOME; CHITOSAN; CHOLERA TOXIN B SUBUNIT; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; DNA VACCINE; DRUG CARRIER; EDIBLE VACCINE; ENTEROTOXIN; ETHOSOME; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; LIPOSOME; MACROGOL; NANOPARTICLE; NIOSOME; OCTADECYLAMINE; POLYGLACTIN; SOLID LIPID MICROPARTICLE; SUBUNIT VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RELEASE; ENCAPSULATION; EPIDERMAL POWDER IMMUNIZATION; GENE GUN IMMUNIZATION; HEPATITIS B; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; LETTUCE; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; NANOEMULSION; NONHUMAN; POTATO; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; VACCINE PRODUCTION;

ADMINISTRATION, MUCOSAL; ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANIMALS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VACCINES; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION;

EID: 79955607675     PISSN: 07248741     EISSN: 1573904X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0314-4     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Mauss S, Berg T, Rockstroh J, Sarrazin C, Wedemeyer H. Hepatology: a clinical textbook. Duesseldorf: Flying Publisher; 2009.
2. WHO http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/. accessed: 28-05-2009.
3. Flying Publisher, Mauss S, Berg T, Rockstroh J, Sarrazin C, Wedemeyer H. Hepatology: A clinical textbook. Duesseldorf: Flying Publisher; 2009.
4. Mahoney F, Kane M. Hepatitis B vaccine in "Vaccines third ed." Pensilvania: Saunders Company.
5. M Yuen C Lai 2001 Treatment of chronic hepatitis B Lancet Infect Dis 1 4 232 41 11871510 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptFajtb8%3D (Pubitemid 33586055)
6. Sitrin R, Wampler D. Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. New York: Dekker, M; 1992.
7. MR Neutra PA Kozlowski 2006 Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge Nat Rev Immunol 6 2 148 58 16491139 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFeqtbg%3D (Pubitemid 43361590)
8. Goldsby A, Kindt T, Osborne B, Kuby J. Cells and organs of the immune system. Immunology: W H Freeman & Co.; 2002. p. 50.
9. J Holmgren C Czerkinsky 2005 Mucosal immunity and vaccines Nat Med 11 4 Suppl S45 53 15812489 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjsFWmsro%3D
10. M Vajdy DT O'Hagan 2001 Microparticles for intranasal immunization Adv Drug Deliv Rev 51 1-3 127 41 11516784 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtV2ntbw%3D (Pubitemid 32763077)
11. D Kagi H Hengartner 1996 Different roles for cytotoxic T cells in the control of infections with cytopathic versus noncytopathic viruses Curr Opin Immunol 8 4 472 7 8794015 1:STN:280:DyaK28zptFOqsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26280774)
12. Kurts C, Robinson BW, Knolle PA. Cross-priming in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. Jun;10(6):403-14.
13. SF Wieland FV Chisari 2005 Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses J Virol 79 15 9369 80 16014900 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVemur4%3D (Pubitemid 41022281)
14. TF Baumert R Thimme F von Weizsacker 2007 Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection World J Gastroenterol 13 1 82 90 17206757 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXitFSgt7Y%3D (Pubitemid 46165465)
15. SP Cullen SJ Martin 2008 Mechanisms of granule-dependent killing Cell Death Differ 15 2 251 62 17975553 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsVOrsQ%3D%3D
16. B Combadiere B Mahe 2008 Particle-based vaccines for transcutaneous vaccination Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 31 2-3 293 315 17915323 (Pubitemid 351315120)
17. D Mishra PK Mishra V Dubey S Dabadghao NK Jain 2007 Evaluation of uptake and generation of immune response by murine dendritic cells pulsed with hepatitis B surface antigen-loaded elastic liposomes Vaccine 25 39-40 6939 44 17719151 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVCnsLjP (Pubitemid 47391101)
18. MJ Toebak S Gibbs DP Bruynzeel RJ Scheper T Rustemeyer 2009 Dendritic cells: biology of the skin Contact Dermat 60 1 2 20 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXisFCjsbw%3D
19. T Warger H Schild G Rechtsteiner 2007 Initiation of adaptive immune responses by transcutaneous immunization Immunol Lett 109 1 13 20 17320194 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXis1OisLY%3D (Pubitemid 46365972)
20. J Banchereau RM Steinman 1998 Dendritic cells and the control of immunity Nature 392 6673 245 52 9521319 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitFWrsr8%3D (Pubitemid 28155090)
21. SP Vyas RP Singh S Jain V Mishra S Mahor P Singh, et al. 2005 Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) for non-invasive topical genetic immunization against hepatitis B Int J Pharm 296 1-2 80 6 15885458 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktVaisLw%3D (Pubitemid 40693375)
22. S Mitragotri 2005 Immunization without needles Nat Rev Immunol 5 12 905 16 16239901 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1KntrzK (Pubitemid 41746760)
23. EL Giudice JD Campbell 2006 Needle-free vaccine delivery Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58 1 68 89 16564111 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjs1WntLY%3D
24. Borges O, Lebre F, Bento D, Borchard G, Junginger HE. Mucosal vaccines: recent progress in understanding the natural barriers. Pharm Res. Feb;27(2):211-23.
25. B Dubois A Goubier G Joubert D Kaiserlian 2005 Oral tolerance and regulation of mucosal immunity Cell Mol Life Sci 62 12 1322 32 15971107 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXps1KmsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40853819)
26. NM Tsuji A Kosaka 2008 Oral tolerance: intestinal homeostasis and antigen-specific regulatory T cells Trends Immunol 29 11 532 40 18835746 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1KntLfM
27. H Kiyono S Fukuyama 2004 NALT- versus Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity Nat Rev Immunol 4 9 699 710 15343369 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntFCmtL0%3D (Pubitemid 39223076)
28. N Csaba M Garcia-Fuentes MJ Alonso 2009 Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination Adv Drug Deliv Rev 61 2 140 57 19121350 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXit1Ohtr8%3D
29. DT O'Hagan R Rappuoli 2004 Novel approaches to vaccine delivery Pharm Res 21 9 1519 30 15497674 (Pubitemid 41184379)
30. N Smyth Templeton 2002 Liposomal delivery of nucleic acids in vivo DNA Cell Biol 21 12 857 67 12573046
31. G Gregoriadis I Gursel M Gursel B McCormack 1996 Liposomes as immunological adjuvants and vaccine carriers J Control Release 41 49 56 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XltVOksbw%3D (Pubitemid 26246362)
32. S Jaspart G Piel L Delattre B Evrard 2005 Solid lipid microparticles: formulation, preparation, characterization, drug release and applications Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2 1 75 87 16296736 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlKrtLs%3D (Pubitemid 40123884)
33. S Scalia R Tursilli N Sala V Iannuccelli 2006 Encapsulation in lipospheres of the complex between butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and hydroxypropyl-â-cyclodextrin Int J Pharm 320 79 85 16713145 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsFCqurg%3D (Pubitemid 44128710)
34. M Trotta R Cavalli ME Carlotti L Battaglia F Debernardi 2005 Solid lipid micro-particles carrying insulin formed by solvent-in-water emulsion-diffusion technique Int J Pharm 288 2 281 8 15620868 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFGhurvN (Pubitemid 40038581)
35. S Saraf D Mishra A Asthana R Jain S Singh NK Jain 2006 Lipid microparticles for mucosal immunization against hepatitis B Vaccine 24 1 45 56 16122855 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Oksr%2FK (Pubitemid 41722204)
36. K Khatri AK Goyal PN Gupta N Mishra A Mehta SP Vyas 2008 Surface modified liposomes for nasal delivery of DNA vaccine Vaccine 26 18 2225 33 18396362 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXls1yqsLk%3D
37. MP Deacon S McGurk CJ Roberts PM Williams SJ Tendler MC Davies, et al. 2000 Atomic force microscopy of gastric mucin and chitosan mucoadhesive systems Biochem J 348 Pt 3 557 63 10839986 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlt1Smsrc%3D (Pubitemid 30410244)
38. R Schubert H Jaroni J Schoelmerich KH Schmidt 1983 Studies on the mechanism of bile salt-induced liposomal membrane damage Digestion 28 3 181 90 6365666 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhslalsr4%3D (Pubitemid 14215951)
39. M Conacher J Alexander JM Brewer 2001 Oral immunisation with peptide and protein antigens by formulation in lipid vesicles incorporating bile salts (bilosomes) Vaccine 19 20-22 2965 74 11282208 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXit1Wgtb0%3D (Pubitemid 32244290)
40. K Senior 2001 Bilosomes: the answer to oral vaccine delivery? Drug Discov Today 6 20 1031 2 11590024 (Pubitemid 32894831)
41. JF Mann HE Scales E Shakir J Alexander KC Carter AB Mullen, et al. 2006 Oral delivery of tetanus toxoid using vesicles containing bile salts (bilosomes) induces significant systemic and mucosal immunity Methods 38 2 90 5 16414269 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVGisLg%3D (Pubitemid 43163468)
42. P Singh D Prabakaran S Jain V Mishra KS Jaganathan SP Vyas 2004 Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated bile salt stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) for oral immunization Int J Pharm 278 2 379 90 15196642 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkslKlsrs%3D (Pubitemid 38759510)
43. A Shukla K Khatri PN Gupta AK Goyal A Mehta SP Vyas 2008 Oral immunization against hepatitis B using bile salt stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) J Pharm Pharm Sci 11 1 59 66 18445364 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1ClsLnI
44. Conacher M., Alexander J, Brewer JM. Niosomes as immunological adjuvants. In: Synthetic surfactant vesicles. Singapore: International Publishers Distributors Ltd; 2000.
45. JM Brewer J Alexander 1992 The adjuvant activity of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) on the BALB/c humoral response to bovine serum albumin Immunology 75 4 570 5 1592432 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XisVyjur0%3D
46. JM Brewer L Tetley J Richmond FY Liew J Alexander 1998 Lipid vesicle size determines the Th1 or Th2 response to entrapped antigen J Immunol 161 8 4000 7 9780169 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsFyrtLw%3D (Pubitemid 28468977)
47. S Jain P Singh V Mishra SP Vyas 2005 Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant-carrier system for oral genetic immunization against hepatitis B Immunol Lett 101 1 41 9 15869802 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWhtLvI (Pubitemid 41297497)
48. PE Makidon AU Bielinska SS Nigavekar KW Janczak J Knowlton AJ Scott, et al. 2008 Pre-clinical evaluation of a novel nanoemulsion-based hepatitis B mucosal vaccine PLoS ONE 3 8 e2954 18698426
49. T Hamouda A Myc B Donovan AY Shih JD Reuter JR Baker Jr 2001 A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with a unique non-irritant topical antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi Microbiol Res 156 1 1 7 11372645 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1SlsLk%3D (Pubitemid 32430537)
50. AU Bielinska KW Janczak JJ Landers DM Markovitz DC Montefiori JR Baker Jr 2008 Nasal immunization with a recombinant HIV gp120 and nanoemulsion adjuvant produces Th1 polarized responses and neutralizing antibodies to primary HIV type 1 isolates AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24 2 271 81 18260780 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXitVGmur0%3D (Pubitemid 351282102)
51. BW Donovan JD Reuter Z Cao A Myc KJ Johnson JR Baker Jr 2000 Prevention of murine influenza A virus pneumonitis by surfactant nano-emulsions Antivir Chem Chemother 11 1 41 9 10693653 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXht12iurw%3D (Pubitemid 30083894)
52. A Myc JF Kukowska-Latallo AU Bielinska P Cao PP Myc K Janczak, et al. 2003 Development of immune response that protects mice from viral pneumonitis after a single intranasal immunization with influenza A virus and nanoemulsion Vaccine 21 25-26 3801 14 12922114 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmt1Gkur4%3D (Pubitemid 37338208)
53. AU Bielinska KW Janczak JJ Landers P Makidon LE Sower JW Peterson, et al. 2007 Mucosal immunization with a novel nanoemulsion-based recombinant anthrax protective antigen vaccine protects against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge Infect Immun 75 8 4020 9 17502384 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXoslShtbo%3D (Pubitemid 47206301)
54. A Debin R Kravtzoff JV Santiago L Cazales S Sperandio K Melber, et al. 2002 Intranasal immunization with recombinant antigens associated with new cationic particles induces strong mucosal as well as systemic antibody and CTL responses Vaccine 20 21-22 2752 63 12034102 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktVCrtbc%3D (Pubitemid 34601001)
55. M Peyrot AM Sautereau JM Rabanel F Nguyen JF Tocanne D Samain 1994 Supramolecular biovectors (SMBV): a new family of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Synthesis and structural characterization Int J Pharm 102 1-3 25 33 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhsVeqtr8%3D (Pubitemid 24042975)
56. I De Miguel K Ioualalen M Bonnefous M Peyrot F Nguyen M Cervilla, et al. 1995 Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular biovector (SMBV) specifically designed for the entrapment of ionic molecules Biochim Biophys Acta 1237 1 49 58 7619842
57. P von Hoegen 2001 Synthetic biomimetic supra molecular Biovector (SMBV) particles for nasal vaccine delivery Adv Drug Deliv Rev 51 1-3 113 25 (Pubitemid 32763076)
58. RFA Kravtzoff I De Miguel A Perkins M Major D Betbeder, et al. 1998 Nasal residence time evaluation of cationic biovector in human volunteers Proc Int Symp Control Release Bioact Mater 25 818 9 (Pubitemid 28336856)
59. IM van der Lubben JC Verhoef G Borchard HE Junginger 2001 Chitosan for mucosal vaccination Adv Drug Deliv Rev 52 2 139 44 11718937 (Pubitemid 33079169)
60. Baldrick P. The safety of chitosan as a pharmaceutical excipient. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Apr;56(3):290-9.
61. I Panos N Acosta A Heras 2008 New drug delivery systems based on chitosan Curr Drug Discov Technol 5 4 333 41 19075614 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1egtQ%3D%3D
62. J Shaji V Jain S Lodha 2010 Chitosan: a novel pharmaceutical excipient Int J Pharm Appl Sci 1 1 11 28
63. ML Kang CS Cho HS Yoo 2009 Application of chitosan microspheres for nasal delivery of vaccines Biotechnol Adv 27 6 857 65 19583998 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXht1CqtbnE
64. Y Shibata LA Foster WJ Metzger QN Myrvik 1997 Alveolar macrophage priming by intravenous administration of chitin particles, polymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, in mice Infect Immun 65 5 1734 41 9125555 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtVKqtLc%3D (Pubitemid 27193594)
65. JE Babensee A Paranjpe 2005 Differential levels of dendritic cell maturation on different biomaterials used in combination products J Biomed Mater Res A 74 4 503 10 16158496 (Pubitemid 41216252)
66. O Borges G Borchard A de Sousa HE Junginger A Cordeiro-da-Silva 2007 Induction of lymphocytes activated marker CD69 following exposure to chitosan and alginate biopolymers Int J Pharm 337 1-2 254 64 17317051 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlsFags7w%3D (Pubitemid 46756062)
67. DA Zaharoff CJ Rogers KW Hance J Schlom JW Greiner 2007 Chitosan solution enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to subcutaneous vaccination Vaccine 25 11 2085 94 17258843 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvVGntL0%3D (Pubitemid 46227669)
68. O Borges J Tavares A de Sousa G Borchard HE Junginger A Cordeiro-da-Silva 2007 Evaluation of the immune response following a short oral vaccination schedule with hepatitis B antigen encapsulated into alginate-coated chitosan nanoparticles Eur J Pharm Sci 32 4-5 278 90 17884394 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXht12jt7zP (Pubitemid 350051890)
69. O Borges G Borchard JC Verhoef A de Sousa HE Junginger 2005 Preparation of coated nanoparticles for a new mucosal vaccine delivery system Int J Pharm 299 1-2 155 66 15998569 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtFSgs74%3D (Pubitemid 40962417)
70. O Borges A Cordeiro-da-Silva J Tavares N Santarem A de Sousa G Borchard, et al. 2008 Immune response by nasal delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen and codelivery of a CpG ODN in alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles Eur J Pharm Biopharm 69 2 405 16 18364251 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtVShu78%3D
71. O Borges A Cordeiro-da-Silva SG Romeijn M Amidi A de Sousa G Borchard, et al. 2006 Uptake studies in rat Peyer's patches, cytotoxicity and release studies of alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal vaccination J Control Release 114 3 348 58 16905219 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xpt1OmtbY%3D (Pubitemid 44310817)
72. R Weeratna C Brazolot Millan MJ McCluskie HL Davis 2001 CpG ODN can re-direct the Th bias of established Th2 immune responses in adult and young mice FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 32 1 65 71 11750224 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXpt1amt70%3D (Pubitemid 34025077)
73. MJ McCluskie HL Davis 1998 CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of systemic and mucosal immune responses against hepatitis B surface antigen with intranasal administration to mice J Immunol 161 9 4463 6 9794366 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXntVWhurg%3D (Pubitemid 28492011)
74. K Khatri AK Goyal PN Gupta N Mishra SP Vyas 2008 Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B Int J Pharm 354 1-2 235 41 18182259 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsFOqtbs%3D
75. A Giteau MC Venier-Julienne A Aubert-Pouessel JP Benoit 2008 How to achieve sustained and complete protein release from PLGA-based microparticles? Int J Pharm 350 1-2 14 26 18162341 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlGntLs%3D
76. K Avgoustakis 2004 Pegylated poly(lactide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: preparation, properties and possible applications in drug delivery Curr Drug Deliv 1 4 321 33 16305394 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsFWksrY%3D
77. RC Mundargi VR Babu V Rangaswamy P Patel TM Aminabhavi 2008 Nano/micro technologies for delivering macromolecular therapeutics using poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) and its derivatives J Control Release 125 3 193 209 18083265 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVGjtL4%3D
78. AK Jain AK Goyal PN Gupta K Khatri N Mishra A Mehta, et al. 2009 Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel triblock copolymer based nanoparticles for vaccine delivery against hepatitis B J Control Release 136 2 161 9 19239919 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlvFGrtLs%3D
79. RK Gupta M Singh DT O'Hagan 1998 Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the development of single-dose controlled-release vaccines Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32 3 225 46 10837646 (Pubitemid 28267411)
80. KS Jaganathan SP Vyas 2006 Strong systemic and mucosal immune responses to surface-modified PLGA microspheres containing recombinant hepatitis B antigen administered intranasally Vaccine 24 19 4201 11 16446012 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XksFejs7w%3D
81. MN Ravi Kumar U Bakowsky CM Lehr 2004 Preparation and characterization of cationic PLGA nanospheres as DNA carriers Biomaterials 25 10 1771 7 14738840 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2FjvFSksQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 38102253)
82. A Shenderova TG Burke SP Schwendeman 1999 The acidic microclimate in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres stabilizes camptothecins Pharm Res 16 2 241 8 10100309 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFylsbc%3D
83. H Kaneko I Bednarek A Wierzbicki I Kiszka M Dmochowski TJ Wasik, et al. 2000 Oral DNA vaccination promotes mucosal and systemic immune responses to HIV envelope glycoprotein Virology 267 1 8 16 10648178 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXmsFamtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30094148)
84. S Sharpe T Hanke A Tinsley-Bown M Dennis S Dowall A McMichael, et al. 2003 Mucosal immunization with PLGA-microencapsulated DNA primes a SIV-specific CTL response revealed by boosting with cognate recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara Virology 313 1 13 21 12951017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvVOrtb0%3D (Pubitemid 37013591)
85. JE Herrmann SC Chen DH Jones A Tinsley-Bown EF Fynan HB Greenberg, et al. 1999 Immune responses and protection obtained by oral immunization with rotavirus VP4 and VP7 DNA vaccines encapsulated in microparticles Virology 259 1 148 53 10364499 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1Gms7g%3D (Pubitemid 29391765)
86. XW He F Wang L Jiang J Li SK Liu ZY Xiao, et al. 2005 Induction of mucosal and systemic immune response by single-dose oral immunization with biodegradable microparticles containing DNA encoding HBsAg J Gen Virol 86 Pt 3 601 10 15722520 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit12lsbk%3D (Pubitemid 40331240)
87. MA Rico JA Quiroga D Subira S Castanon JM Esteban M Pardo, et al. 2001 Hepatitis B virus-specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in chronic hepatitis B e antibody-positive patients treated with ribavirin and interferon alpha Hepatology 33 1 295 300 11124848 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXktFajug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32016913)
88. R Rajkannan MD Dhanaraju D Gopinath D Selvaraj R Jayakumar 2006 Development of hepatitis B oral vaccine using B-cell epitope loaded PLG microparticles Vaccine 24 24 5149 57 16713035 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xltlems74%3D (Pubitemid 43818197)
89. AG Coombes EC Lavelle SS Davis 1999 Biodegradable lamellar particles of poly(lactide) induce sustained immune responses to a single dose of adsorbed protein Vaccine 17 19 2410 22 10392623 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktF2jtbk%3D (Pubitemid 29268364)
90. PN Gupta S Mahor A Rawat K Khatri A Goyal SP Vyas 2006 Lectin anchored stabilized biodegradable nanoparticles for oral immunization 1. Development and in vitro evaluation Int J Pharm 318 1-2 163 73 16621367 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XmsVGltr8%3D (Pubitemid 43963301)
91. P Gupta K Khatri A Goyal N Mishra SP Vyas 2007 M-cell targeted biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles for oral immunization against hepatitis B J Drug Target 15 10 701 13 18041638 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlClsrzO (Pubitemid 350201323)
92. SB Formal LS Baron DJ Kopecko O Washington C Powell CA Life 1981 Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a typhoid vaccine strain Infect Immun 34 3 746 50 6174449 1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xks1yjug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 12247171)
93. MT Shata L Stevceva S Agwale GK Lewis DM Hone 2000 Recent advances with recombinant bacterial vaccine vectors Mol Med Today 6 2 66 71 10652479 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXpsV2ruw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30070668)
94. R Curtiss 3rd K Nakayama SM Kelly 1989 Recombinant avirulent Salmonella vaccine strains with stable maintenance and high level expression of cloned genes in vivo Immunol Invest 18 1-4 583 96 2659521 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXltFaitLk%3D (Pubitemid 19120824)
95. NF Fairweather SN Chatfield IG Charles M Roberts M Lipscombe LJ Li, et al. 1990 Use of live attenuated bacteria to stimulate immunity Res Microbiol 141 7-8 769 73 2101467 1:STN:280:DyaK3Mzis12msQ%3D%3D
96. A Darji CA Guzman B Gerstel P Wachholz KN Timmis J Wehland, et al. 1997 Oral somatic transgene vaccination using attenuated S. typhimurium Cell 91 6 765 75 9413986 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotV2itb0%3D (Pubitemid 28007733)
97. BD Jones N Ghori S Falkow 1994 Salmonella typhimurium initiates murine infection by penetrating and destroying the specialized epithelial M cells of the Peyer's patches J Exp Med 180 1 15 23 8006579 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3nsFeltQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24181051)
98. MA Clark MA Jepson NL Simmons BH Hirst 1994 Preferential interaction of Salmonella typhimurium with mouse Peyer's patch M cells Res Microbiol 145 7 543 52 7855440 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7lvVOitA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24296198)
99. JP Kraehenbuhl MR Neutra 1992 Molecular and cellular basis of immune protection of mucosal surfaces Physiol Rev 72 4 853 79 1438580 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnvVOjtg%3D%3D
100. MR McDermott J Bienenstock 1979 Evidence for a common mucosal immunologic system. I. Migration of B immunoblasts into intestinal, respiratory, and genital tissues J Immunol 122 5 1892 8 448111 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXktlOguro%3D (Pubitemid 9175317)
101. D Nardelli-Haefliger JP Kraehenbuhl R Curtiss 3rd F Schodel A Potts S Kelly, et al. 1996 Oral and rectal immunization of adult female volunteers with a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine strain Infect Immun 64 12 5219 24 8945569 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntFyrtrc%3D (Pubitemid 26403984)
102. F Schodel SM Kelly D Peterson D Milich J Hughes S Tinge, et al. 1994 Development of recombinant Salmonellae expressing hybrid hepatitis B virus core particles as candidate oral vaccines Dev Biol Stand 82 151 8 7958469 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2Fks12htQ%3D%3D
103. F Schodel H Will 1990 Expression of hepatitis B virus antigens in attenuated Salmonellae for oral immunization Res Microbiol 141 7-8 831 7 2101472 1:STN:280:DyaK3Mzis12lsA%3D%3D
104. F Schodel G Enders MC Jung H Will 1990 Recognition of a hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid T-cell epitope expressed as a fusion protein with the subunit B of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin in attenuated salmonellae Vaccine 8 6 569 72 1708183 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3gsFyksA%3D%3D
105. F Schodel DR Milich H Will 1990 Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid/pre-S2 fusion proteins expressed in attenuated Salmonella for oral vaccination J Immunol 145 12 4317 21 2258619 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FnvFGhsw%3D%3D
106. F Schodel D Peterson J Hughes DR Milich 1993 A virulent Salmonella expressing hybrid hepatitis B virus core/pre-S genes for oral vaccination Vaccine 11 2 143 8 7679864 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7nsFWisQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23031500)
107. F Schodel SM Kelly DL Peterson DR Milich R Curtiss 3rd 1994 Hybrid hepatitis B virus core-pre-S proteins synthesized in avirulent Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi for oral vaccination Infect Immun 62 5 1669 76 8168928 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3it1Ghuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24136962)
108. S Hopkins JP Kraehenbuhl F Schodel A Potts D Peterson P de Grandi, et al. 1995 A recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccine induces local immunity by four different routes of immunization Infect Immun 63 9 3279 86 7642256 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnvVWgu7Y%3D
109. F Schodel S Kelly S Tinge S Hopkins D Peterson D Milich, et al. 1996 Hybrid hepatitis B virus core antigen as a vaccine carrier moiety. II. Expression in avirulent Salmonella spp. for mucosal immunization Adv Exp Med Biol 397 15 21 8718577 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xis1OhtL0%3D (Pubitemid 26066555)
110. CO Tacket SM Kelly F Schodel G Losonsky JP Nataro R Edelman, et al. 1997 Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the Asd-balanced lethal vector system Infect Immun 65 8 3381 5 9234801 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkvVarsrs%3D (Pubitemid 27342425)
111. D Nardelli-Haefliger J Benyacoub R Lemoine S Hopkins-Donaldson A Potts F Hartman, et al. 2001 Nasal vaccination with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strains expressing the Hepatitis B nucleocapsid: dose response analysis Vaccine 19 20-22 2854 61 11282196 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXit1WgtL8%3D (Pubitemid 32244278)
112. PC Woo LP Wong BJ Zheng KY Yuen 2001 Unique immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine presented by live-attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine 19 20-22 2945 54 11282206 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXit1Wgtb8%3D (Pubitemid 32244288)
113. B Zheng PC Woo M Ng H Tsoi L Wong K Yuen 2001 A crucial role of macrophages in the immune responses to oral DNA vaccination against hepatitis B virus in a murine model Vaccine 20 1-2 140 7 11567758 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXmvVyht7Y%3D (Pubitemid 32905326)
114. SJ Streatfield 2005 Oral hepatitis B vaccine candidates produced and delivered in plant material Immunol Cell Biol 83 3 257 62 15877603 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVSit78%3D (Pubitemid 40799553)
115. SN Shchelkunov RK Salyaev SG Pozdnyakov NI Rekoslavskaya AE Nesterov TS Ryzhova, et al. 2006 Immunogenicity of a novel, bivalent, plant-based oral vaccine against hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses Biotechnol Lett 28 13 959 67 16794774 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmsFSmtLc%3D (Pubitemid 44000020)
116. Thanavala Y, Lugade AA. Oral transgenic plant-based vaccine for hepatitis B. Immunol Res. Mar;46(1-3):4-11.
117. Y Gao Y Ma M Li T Cheng SW Li J Zhang, et al. 2003 Oral immunization of animals with transgenic cherry tomatillo expressing HBsAg World J Gastroenterol 9 5 996 1002 12717845 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1ylsr8%3D (Pubitemid 36681667)
118. Y Thanavala M Mahoney S Pal A Scott L Richter N Natarajan, et al. 2005 Immunogenicity in humans of an edible vaccine for hepatitis B Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 9 3378 82 15728371 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitl2luro%3D (Pubitemid 40328053)
119. HS Mason DM Lam CJ Arntzen 1992 Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 24 11745 9 1465391 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXpsFakug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23004720)
120. J Kapusta A Modelska M Figlerowicz T Pniewski M Letellier O Lisowa, et al. 1999 A plant-derived edible vaccine against hepatitis B virus FASEB J 13 13 1796 9 10506582 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXms1OhsrY%3D (Pubitemid 29473341)
121. Q Kong L Richter YF Yang CJ Arntzen HS Mason Y Thanavala 2001 Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 20 11539 44 11553782 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnt12jsrs%3D (Pubitemid 32928764)
122. LJ Richter Y Thanavala CJ Arntzen HS Mason 2000 Production of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants for oral immunization Nat Biotechnol 18 11 1167 71 11062435 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVSmu78%3D
123. HS Mason H Warzecha T Mor CJ Arntzen 2002 Edible plant vaccines: applications for prophylactic and therapeutic molecular medicine Trends Mol Med 8 7 324 9 12114111 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltFagtro%3D (Pubitemid 34733385)
124. EP Rybicki 2009 Plant-produced vaccines: promise and reality Drug Discov Today 14 1-2 16 24 18983932 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktVSitQ%3D%3D
125. GB Sunil Kumar TR Ganapathi CJ Revathi L Srinivas VA Bapat 2005 Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants and NT- I cell line of tobacco Planta 222 484 93 (Pubitemid 41443647)
126. Z Huang G Elkin BJ Maloney N Beuhner CJ Arntzen Y Thanavala, et al. 2005 Virus-like particle expression and assembly in plants: hepatitis B and Norwalk viruses Vaccine 23 15 1851 8 15734055 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhsleisrc%3D (Pubitemid 40331858)
127. Z Huang L Santi K LePore J Kilbourne CJ Arntzen HS Mason 2006 Rapid, high-level production of hepatitis B core antigen in plant leaf and its immunogenicity in mice Vaccine 24 14 2506 13 16417953 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XhvVensrc%3D (Pubitemid 43290380)
128. B Qian H Shen W Liang X Guo C Zhang Y Wang, et al. 2008 Immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen fused with preS1 epitopes expressed in rice seeds Transgenic Res 17 4 621 31 17882531 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXnvFyiurY%3D (Pubitemid 351938248)
129. R Greco M Michel D Guetard M Cervantes-Gonzalez N Pelucchi S Wain-Hobson, et al. 2007 Production of recombinant HIV-1/HBV virus-like particles in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana plants for a bivalent plant-based vaccine Vaccine 25 49 8228 40 17976876 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlahurrJ (Pubitemid 350087389)
130. J Marcondes E Hansen 2008 Transgenic lettuce seedlings carrying hepatitis B virus antigen HBsAg Braz J Infect Dis 12 6 469 71 19287831 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFOhsLg%3D
131. S Mahor PN Gupta A Rawat SP Vyas 2007 A needle-free approach for topical immunization: antigen delivery via vesicular carrier system(s) Curr Med Chem 14 27 2898 910 18045135 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlSrsro%3D (Pubitemid 350201656)
132. MJ Roy MS Wu LJ Barr JT Fuller LG Tussey S Speller, et al. 2000 Induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, T helper cells, and protective levels of antibody in humans by particle-mediated administration of a hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine Vaccine 19 7-8 764 78 11115698 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXoslCksLY%3D
133. ST Rottinghaus GA Poland RM Jacobson LJ Barr MJ Roy 2003 Hepatitis B DNA vaccine induces protective antibody responses in human non-responders to conventional vaccination Vaccine 21 31 4604 8 14575774 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXot1Cjtrc%3D (Pubitemid 37315782)
134. LK Roberts LJ Barr DH Fuller CW McMahon PT Leese S Jones 2005 Clinical safety and efficacy of a powdered Hepatitis B nucleic acid vaccine delivered to the epidermis by a commercial prototype device Vaccine 23 40 4867 78 15985318 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpvV2qsL0%3D (Pubitemid 41242881)
135. CO Tacket MJ Roy G Widera WF Swain S Broome R Edelman 1999 Phase 1 safety and immune response studies of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B surface antigen delivered by a gene delivery device Vaccine 17 22 2826 9 10438052 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltVWrsLc%3D (Pubitemid 29323008)
136. Fuller JT, Macklin M, Drape B, McCabe D, Swain WF, Haynes JR, et al. Gene-gun-mediated DNA immunization with HBsAg: efficacy in small and large animals. In: Brown F, Burton D, Norrby E, editors. Vaccines 97: molecular approaches to the control of infectious diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997. p. 157-61.
137. JE Osorio CL Zuleger M Burger Q Chu LG Payne D Chen 2003 Immune responses to hepatitis B surface antigen following epidermal powder immunization Immunol Cell Biol 81 1 52 8 12534946 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVeru70%3D (Pubitemid 36237792)
138. D Chen K Weis Q Chu C Erickson R Endres C Lively, et al. 2001 Epidermal powder immunization induces both Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte and antibody responses to protein antigens of influenza and hepatitis B viruses J Virol 75 23 11630 40 11689645 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotlaqs78%3D (Pubitemid 33063255)
139. DH Fuller P Loudon C Schmaljohn 2006 Preclinical and clinical progress of particle-mediated DNA vaccines for infectious diseases Methods 40 1 86 97 16997717 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpvFGhsrk%3D (Pubitemid 44419542)
140. Babiuk LA, Babiuk SL, Baca-Estrada M. Novel vaccines strategies. Advances in Virus Research: Academic Press; 2002. p. 55.
141. Fuller JT, Fuller DH, McCabe D, Haynes JR, Widera G. Gene-gun-mediated DNA immunization with HBV antigens: immune responses in mice, monkeys and pigs. In: Brown F, editor. Vaccines 96 : molecular approaches to the control of infectious diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1996. p. 87.
142. Leitner WW, Seguin MC, Ballou WR, Seitz JP, Schultz AM, Sheehy MJ, et al. Immune responses induced by intramuscular or gene gun injection of protective deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines that express the circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites. J Immunol. 1997;159.
143. YF Maa M Ameri C Shu CL Zuleger J Che JE Osorio, et al. 2007 Hepatitis-B
144. TM Fu JB Ulmer MJ Caulfield RR Deck A Friedman S Wang, et al. 1997 Priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by DNA vaccines: requirement for professional antigen presenting cells and evidence for antigen transfer from myocytes Mol Med 3 6 362 71 9234241 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltFCntro%3D (Pubitemid 27353615)
145. JB Ulmer RR Deck CM Dewitt JI Donnhly MA Liu 1996 Generation of MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes by expression of a viral protein in muscle cells: antigen presentation by non-muscle cells Immunology 89 1 59 67 8911141 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVKrsLc%3D (Pubitemid 26284039)
146. AM Krieg AK Yi S Matson TJ Waldschmidt GA Bishop R Teasdale, et al. 1995 CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation Nature 374 6522 546 9 7700380 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkvVKqtr8%3D
147. AK Yi DM Klinman TL Martin S Matson AM Krieg 1996 Rapid immune activation by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Systemic induction of IL-6 transcription through an antioxidant-sensitive pathway J Immunol 157 12 5394 402 8955187 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsFCiurs%3D (Pubitemid 126448958)
148. DM Klinman AK Yi SL Beaucage J Conover AM Krieg 1996 CpG motifs present in bacteria DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 7 2879 83 8610135 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitVCit7w%3D (Pubitemid 26116242)
149. T Sparwasser ES Koch RM Vabulas K Heeg GB Lipford JW Ellwart, et al. 1998 Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells Eur J Immunol 28 6 2045 54 9645386 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsleit7s%3D (Pubitemid 28271721)
150. HL Davis R Weeratna TJ Waldschmidt L Tygrett J Schorr AM Krieg 1998 CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen J Immunol 160 2 870 6 9551923 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXls1Chug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28049329)
151. H Fan Q Lin GR Morrissey PA Khavari 1999 Immunization via hair follicles by topical application of naked DNA to normal skin Nat Biotechnol 17 9 870 2 10471927 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlslOgtbs%3D (Pubitemid 29416659)
152. D Mishra M Garg V Dubey S Jain NK Jain 2007 Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent: propranolol hydrochloride J Pharm Sci 96 1 145 55 16960826 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXivFCitQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46087346)
153. D Mishra V Dubey A Asthana DK Saraf NK Jain 2006 Elastic liposomes mediated transcutaneous immunization against Hepatitis B Vaccine 24 22 4847 55 16600441 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XltF2qs74%3D (Pubitemid 43776800)
154. G Gompper DM Kroll 1995 Driven transport of fluid vesicles through narrow pores Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Top 52 4 4198 208 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovVejsb0%3D
155. G Cevc G Blume 1992 Lipid vesicles penetrate into intact skin owing to the transdermal osmotic gradients and hydration force Biochim Biophys Acta 1104 1 226 32 1550849 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhsFykt74%3D
156. S Mahor A Rawat PK Dubey PN Gupta K Khatri AK Goyal, et al. 2007 Cationic transfersomes based topical genetic vaccine against hepatitis B Int J Pharm 340 1-2 13 9 17446015 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXns1Kgsrs%3D (Pubitemid 47043347)
157. E Touitou M Alkabes N Dayan 1997 Ethosomes: novel vesicular carriers for enhanced skin delivery Pharm Res 14 S305 6
158. Williams A. Transdermal and topical drug delivery. Pharmaceutical Press; 2005.
159. V Dubey D Mishra M Nahar NK Jain 2007 Vesicles as tools for the modulation of skin permeability Expert Opin Drug Deliv 4 6 579 93 17970662 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1elsrrL (Pubitemid 350193397)
160. D Mishra PK Mishra V Dubey M Nahar S Dabadghao NK Jain 2008 Systemic and mucosal immune response induced by transcutaneous immunization using Hepatitis B surface antigen-loaded modified liposomes Eur J Pharm Sci 33 4-5 424 33 18359615 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktlGjs74%3D
161. N Lycke T Tsuji J Holmgren 1992 The adjuvant effect of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins is linked to their ADP-ribosyltransferase activity Eur J Immunol 22 9 2277 81 1381311 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXitVGmug%3D%3D
162. J Holmgren N Lycke C Czerkinsky 1993 Cholera toxin and cholera B subunit as oral-mucosal adjuvant and antigen vector systems Vaccine 11 12 1179 84 8256498 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhs1Srt7w%3D (Pubitemid 23308772)
163. BD Spangler 1992 Structure and function of cholera toxin and the related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin Microbiol Rev 56 4 622 47 1480112 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnsVygug%3D%3D
164. S Yamamoto Y Takeda M Yamamoto H Kurazono K Imaoka M Yamamoto, et al. 1997 Mutants in the ADP-ribosyltransferase cleft of cholera toxin lack diarrheagenicity but retain adjuvanticity J Exp Med 185 7 1203 10 9104807 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisVKks7c%3D (Pubitemid 27172901)
165. R Verweija L Haana M Holtropa E Agsteribbea R Brandsb G Scharrenburgb, et al. 1998 Musosal immunoadjuvant activity of recombinant Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin and its B subunit: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in mice by intranasal immunization with influenza virus surface antigen Vaccine 16 20 2069 76
166. S Yamamoto H Kiyono M Yamamoto K Imaoka K Fujihashi FW Van Ginkel, et al. 1997 A nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin elicits Th2-type responses for enhanced mucosal immunity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 10 5267 72 9144226 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtlentLc%3D (Pubitemid 27214772)
167. K Tochikubo M Isaka Y Yasuda S Kozuka K Matano Y Miura, et al. 1998 Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit acts as an adjuvant for the mucosal and systemic responses of mice to mucosally co-administered bovine serum albumin Vaccine 16 2-3 150 5 9607023 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVCjsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27520991)
168. K Komase S Tamura K Matsuo K Watanabe N Hattori A Odaka, et al. 1998 Mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as an adjuvant for nasal influenza vaccine Vaccine 16 2-3 248 54 9607038 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVCisA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27521006)
169. G Douce MM Giuliani V Giannelli MG Pizza R Rappuoli G Dougan 1998 Mucosal immunogenicity of genetically detoxified derivatives of heat labile toxin from Escherichia coli Vaccine 16 11-12 1065 73 9682360 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkslKqtr8%3D (Pubitemid 28307872)
170. C Chong M Friberg JD Clements 1998 LT(R192G), a non-toxic mutant of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, elicits enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses associated with protection against lethal oral challenge with Salmonella spp Vaccine 16 7 732 40 9562694 1:STN:280: DyaK1c3itlOrtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28172540)
171. R Rappuoli G Douce G Dougan M Pizza 1995 Genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins: a new approach to vaccine development Int Arch Allergy Immunol 108 4 327 33 7580303 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FntFyisw%3D%3D
172. MR Fontana R Manetti V Giannelli C Magagnoli A Marchini R Olivieri, et al. 1995 Construction of nontoxic derivatives of cholera toxin and characterization of the immunological response against the A subunit Infect Immun 63 6 2356 60 7768621 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlvFelsbs%3D
173. A Di Tommaso G Saletti M Pizza R Rappuoli G Dougan S Abrignani, et al. 1996 Induction of antigen-specific antibodies in vaginal secretions by using a nontoxic mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin as a mucosal adjuvant Infect Immun 64 3 974 9 8641809 (Pubitemid 26069681)
174. MM Giuliani G Del Giudice V Giannelli G Dougan G Douce R Rappuoli, et al. 1998 Mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of LTR72, a novel mutant of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with partial knockout of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity J Exp Med 187 7 1123 32 9529328 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXisFGisL0%3D (Pubitemid 28176412)
175. M Isaka Y Yasuda M Mizokami S Kozuka T Taniguchi K Matano, et al. 2001 Mucosal immunization against hepatitis B virus by intranasal co-administration of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit as an adjuvant Vaccine 19 11-12 1460 6 11163669 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXktl2jsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32332731)
176. AM Krieg 2006 Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation Nat Rev Drug Discov 5 6 471 84 16763660 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlsV2jur4%3D (Pubitemid 44136959)
177. CL Cooper HL Davis JB Angel ML Morris SM Elfer I Seguin, et al. 2005 CPG 7909 adjuvant improves hepatitis B virus vaccine seroprotection in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected adults AIDS 19 14 1473 9 16135900 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsFynurY%3D (Pubitemid 41400692)
178. C Cooper H Davis M Morris S Efler M Adhami A Krieg, et al. 2004 CPG 7909, an immunostimulatory TLR9 agonist oligodeoxynucleotide, as adjuvant to Engerix-B® HBV vaccine in healthy adults: a double-blind phase I/II study J Clin Immunol 24 6 693 701 15622454 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFSmsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40933121)
179. McCluskie MJ, Weeratna R. Cpg oligodeoxynucletides as vaccine adjuvants in "Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines ". Academic Press; 2006.
180. P Ahmad-Nejad H Hacker M Rutz S Bauer RM Vabulas H Wagner 2002 Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments Eur J Immunol 32 7 1958 68 12115616 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XlsFajurg%3D (Pubitemid 34814552)
181. WS Gallichan RN Woolstencroft T Guarasci MJ McCluskie HL Davis KL Rosenthal 2001 Intranasal immunization with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant dramatically increases IgA and protection against herpes simplex virus-2 in the genital tract J Immunol 166 5 3451 7 11207303 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1Ois7s%3D (Pubitemid 33117348)
182. MJ McCluskie HL Davis 2000 Oral, intrarectal and intranasal immunizations using CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvants Vaccine 19 4-5 413 22 11027803 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntF2ku70%3D
183. A Kwant KL Rosenthal 2004 Intravaginal immunization with viral subunit protein plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces protective immunity against HSV-2 Vaccine 22 23-24 3098 104 15297061 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVCqt7w%3D (Pubitemid 39037213)
184. JW Eastcott CJ Holmberg FE Dewhirst TR Esch DJ Smith MA Taubman 2001 Oligonucleotide containing CpG motifs enhances immune response to mucosally or systemically administered tetanus toxoid Vaccine 19 13-14 1636 42 11166886 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptVylsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32175723)
185. MJ McCluskie RD Weeratna AM Krieg HL Davis 2000 CpG DNA is an effective oral adjuvant to protein antigens in mice Vaccine 19 7-8 950 7 11115721 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXoslCktrk%3D
186. MJ McCluskie RD Weeratna PJ Payette HL Davis 2002 Parenteral and mucosal prime-boost immunization strategies in mice with hepatitis B surface antigen and CpG DNA FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 32 3 179 85 11934561 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XisV2mu7Y%3D (Pubitemid 34270507)
187. E Munoz A Zubiaga M Merrow N Sauter B Huber 1990 Cholera toxin discriminates between T helper 1 and 2 cells in T cell receptor-mediated activation: role of cAMP in T cell proliferation J Exp Med 172 95 103 2162906 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltFegurw%3D (Pubitemid 20217250)
188. D Klinman A Yi S Beaucage J Conover A Krieg 1996 CpG motifs expressed by bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-ã Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 2879 8610135 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitVCit7w%3D
189. MJ McCluskie HL Davis 1999 CpG DNA as mucosal adjuvant Vaccine 18 3-4 231 7 10506647 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsVegtbw%3D (Pubitemid 29443996)
190. Z Moldoveanu L Love-Homan WQ Huang AM Krieg 1998 CpG DNA, a novel immune enhancer for systemic and mucosal immunization with influenza virus Vaccine 16 11-12 1216 24 9682382 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkslKqt78%3D (Pubitemid 28307893)
191. AA Horner A Ronaghy PM Cheng MD Nguyen HJ Cho D Broide, et al. 1998 Immunostimulatory DNA is a potent mucosal adjuvant Cell Immunol 190 1 77 82 9826449 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnvV2rs74%3D (Pubitemid 28550865)
192. MJ McCluskie RD Weeratna HL Davis 2000 Intranasal immunization of mice with CpG DNA induces strong systemic and mucosal responses that are influenced by other mucosal adjuvants and antigen distribution Mol Med 6 10 867 77 11126201 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXot1WgtL8%3D
193. MJ McCluskie RD Weeratna JD Clements HL Davis 2001 Mucosal immunization of mice using CpG DNA and/or mutants of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli as adjuvants Vaccine 19 27 3759 68 11395211 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktV2htb0%3D (Pubitemid 32522775)