메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 727-732

The influence of environmental exposure on lead concentrations in scalp hair of children in Pakistan

Author keywords

Age; Children; Industries; Lead; Non industrial area; Scalp hair

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

EID: 79955524205     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: 10902414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.036     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 33644843106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of heavy metals in scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients by conventional and microwave digestion methods
    • Afridi H.I., Kazi T.G., Kazi G.H., Jamali M.K., Arain M.B., Jalbani N. Analysis of heavy metals in scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients by conventional and microwave digestion methods. Spectrosc. Lett. 2006, 39:203-214.
    • (2006) Spectrosc. Lett. , vol.39 , pp. 203-214
    • Afridi, H.I.1    Kazi, T.G.2    Kazi, G.H.3    Jamali, M.K.4    Arain, M.B.5    Jalbani, N.6
  • 2
    • 34447637788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cadmium and lead in biological samples by three ultrasonic-based samples treatment procedures followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Afridi H.I., Kazi T.G., Arain M.B., Jamali M.K., Kazi G.H., Jalbani N. Determination of cadmium and lead in biological samples by three ultrasonic-based samples treatment procedures followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. J. AOAC Int. 2007, 90(2):470-478.
    • (2007) J. AOAC Int. , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 470-478
    • Afridi, H.I.1    Kazi, T.G.2    Arain, M.B.3    Jamali, M.K.4    Kazi, G.H.5    Jalbani, N.6
  • 3
    • 77951937602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of toxic elements in scalp hair samples of myocardial infarction patients at different stages as related to controls
    • Afridi H.I., Kazi T.G., Kazi N.G., Jamali M.K., Baig J.A., Kandhro G.A., Arain M.B., Shah A.Q. Evaluation of toxic elements in scalp hair samples of myocardial infarction patients at different stages as related to controls. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2010, 134(1):1-12.
    • (2010) Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Afridi, H.I.1    Kazi, T.G.2    Kazi, N.G.3    Jamali, M.K.4    Baig, J.A.5    Kandhro, G.A.6    Arain, M.B.7    Shah, A.Q.8
  • 4
    • 38749147756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total dissolved and bioavailable elements in water and sediment samples and their accumulation in Oreochromis mossambicus of polluted Manchar Lake
    • Arain M.B., Kazi T.G., Jamali M.K., Jalbani N., Afridi H.I., Shah A. Total dissolved and bioavailable elements in water and sediment samples and their accumulation in Oreochromis mossambicus of polluted Manchar Lake. Chemosphere 2008, 70:1845-1856.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.70 , pp. 1845-1856
    • Arain, M.B.1    Kazi, T.G.2    Jamali, M.K.3    Jalbani, N.4    Afridi, H.I.5    Shah, A.6
  • 5
    • 0027971474 scopus 로고
    • Age- and sex-based comparative distribution of selected metals in the scalp hair of an urban population from two cities in Pakistan
    • Ashraf W., Jaffar M., Anwer K.Ehsan. Age- and sex-based comparative distribution of selected metals in the scalp hair of an urban population from two cities in Pakistan. Environ. Pollut. 1995, 87:61-64.
    • (1995) Environ. Pollut. , vol.87 , pp. 61-64
    • Ashraf, W.1    Jaffar, M.2    Anwer, K.3
  • 6
    • 29144437220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs.
    • Barbosa F., Tanus-Santos J.E., Gerlach R.F., Parsons P.J. A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs. Environ. Health Persp. 2005, 113:1669-1674.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.113 , pp. 1669-1674
    • Barbosa, F.1    Tanus-Santos, J.E.2    Gerlach, R.F.3    Parsons, P.J.4
  • 7
    • 0000516214 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of reference values for elements in hair of urban normal subjects
    • Caroli S., Senofonte O., Violante N., Fornarelli L., Powar A. Assessment of reference values for elements in hair of urban normal subjects. Microchem. J. 1992, 46:174-183.
    • (1992) Microchem. J. , vol.46 , pp. 174-183
    • Caroli, S.1    Senofonte, O.2    Violante, N.3    Fornarelli, L.4    Powar, A.5
  • 8
    • 33845912003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency disorders
    • Oxford University Press/World Bank, New York, D.T. Jamison, J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D.B. Evans (Eds.)
    • Caulfield L.E., Richard S.A., Rivera J.A., Musgrove P., Black R.E. Stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency disorders. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries 2006, 551-568. Oxford University Press/World Bank, New York. 2nd ed. D.T. Jamison, J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D.B. Evans (Eds.).
    • (2006) Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries , pp. 551-568
    • Caulfield, L.E.1    Richard, S.A.2    Rivera, J.A.3    Musgrove, P.4    Black, R.E.5
  • 9
    • 3042728489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood lead poisoning from commercially manufactured French ceramic dinnerware-New York City, 2003
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Childhood lead poisoning from commercially manufactured French ceramic dinnerware-New York City, 2003. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2004, 53:584-586.
    • (2004) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.53 , pp. 584-586
  • 10
    • 2942650851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning from ingestion of a toy necklace-Oregon, 2003
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Lead poisoning from ingestion of a toy necklace-Oregon, 2003. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2004, 23:509-511.
    • (2004) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.23 , pp. 509-511
  • 12
    • 0029263585 scopus 로고
    • Use of pattern recognition methods in the interpretation of heavy metal content (lead and cadmium) in children's scalp hair
    • Chlopicka J., Zagrodski P., Zachwieja Z. Use of pattern recognition methods in the interpretation of heavy metal content (lead and cadmium) in children's scalp hair. Analyst 1995, 120:943-945.
    • (1995) Analyst , vol.120 , pp. 943-945
    • Chlopicka, J.1    Zagrodski, P.2    Zachwieja, Z.3
  • 14
    • 33745806924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of living habits and family relationships on element concentrations in human hair
    • Chojnacka K., Górecka H., Górecki H. The influence of living habits and family relationships on element concentrations in human hair. Sci. Total Environ 2006, 366:612-620.
    • (2006) Sci. Total Environ , vol.366 , pp. 612-620
    • Chojnacka, K.1    Górecka, H.2    Górecki, H.3
  • 16
    • 0036953196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of developmental disabilities in low-income countries
    • Durkin M. The epidemiology of developmental disabilities in low-income countries. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 2002, 8:206-211.
    • (2002) Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 206-211
    • Durkin, M.1
  • 17
    • 0033238034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair and blood as substrates for screening children for lead poisoning
    • Esteban E., Rubin C.H., Jones R.L., Noonan C. Hair and blood as substrates for screening children for lead poisoning. Arch. Environ. Health 1999, 54:436-440.
    • (1999) Arch. Environ. Health , vol.54 , pp. 436-440
    • Esteban, E.1    Rubin, C.H.2    Jones, R.L.3    Noonan, C.4
  • 19
    • 0036230374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pitfalls of hair analysis for toxicants in clinical practice: three case reports
    • Frisch M., Schwartz B.S. The pitfalls of hair analysis for toxicants in clinical practice: three case reports. Environ. Health Persp. 2002, 110(4):433-436.
    • (2002) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.110 , Issue.4 , pp. 433-436
    • Frisch, M.1    Schwartz, B.S.2
  • 20
    • 0033627483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-occupational exposure to lead: a case study of child and adolescent street vendors in Istanbul
    • Furman A., Laleli M. Semi-occupational exposure to lead: a case study of child and adolescent street vendors in Istanbul. Environ. Res. 2000, 83:41-45.
    • (2000) Environ. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 41-45
    • Furman, A.1    Laleli, M.2
  • 21
    • 1542377371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental toxins: their impact on children's health
    • Grigg J. Environmental toxins: their impact on children's health. Arch. Dis. Child. 2004, 89:244-250.
    • (2004) Arch. Dis. Child. , vol.89 , pp. 244-250
    • Grigg, J.1
  • 22
    • 0037231769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental enrichment reverses cognitive and molecular deficits induced by developmental lead exposure
    • Guilarte T.R., Toscano C.D., McGlothan J.L., Weaver S.A. Environmental enrichment reverses cognitive and molecular deficits induced by developmental lead exposure. Ann. Neurol. 2003, 53:50-56.
    • (2003) Ann. Neurol. , vol.53 , pp. 50-56
    • Guilarte, T.R.1    Toscano, C.D.2    McGlothan, J.L.3    Weaver, S.A.4
  • 23
    • 0036672912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leading poisoning still a problem
    • Hazard L.L. Leading poisoning still a problem. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 2002, 94:749.
    • (2002) J. Natl. Med. Assoc. , vol.94 , pp. 749
    • Hazard, L.L.1
  • 24
    • 33644750389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood correlates of blood lead levels in Mumbai and Delhi
    • Jain N.B., Hu H. Childhood correlates of blood lead levels in Mumbai and Delhi. Environ. Health Persp. 2006, 114:466-470.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.114 , pp. 466-470
    • Jain, N.B.1    Hu, H.2
  • 25
    • 53149092908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the use of human hair for biomonitoring the deficiency of essential and exposure to toxic elements
    • Passos Fernando Barbosa
    • Jairo L., Bruno L.R., Batista J., Juliana A., Nunes, Carlos J.S., Passos, Fernando, Barbosa Evaluation of the use of human hair for biomonitoring the deficiency of essential and exposure to toxic elements. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 405:370-376.
    • (2008) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.405 , pp. 370-376
    • Jairo, L.1    Bruno, L.R.2    Batista, J.3    Juliana, A.4    Nunes Carlos, J.S.5
  • 26
    • 36148979676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cadmium in whole blood and scalp hair samples of Pakistani male lung cancer patients by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer
    • Kazi T.G., Memon A.R., Afridi H.I., Jamali M.K., Arain M.B., Jalbani N., Sarfraz R.A. Determination of cadmium in whole blood and scalp hair samples of Pakistani male lung cancer patients by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 389(2-3):270-276.
    • (2008) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.389 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 270-276
    • Kazi, T.G.1    Memon, A.R.2    Afridi, H.I.3    Jamali, M.K.4    Arain, M.B.5    Jalbani, N.6    Sarfraz, R.A.7
  • 28
    • 65949087433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of River Jehlum water for heavy metals and its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose at district Muzaffarabad (A.K)
    • Khan M.J., Sarwar S., Khattak R.A. Evaluation of River Jehlum water for heavy metals and its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose at district Muzaffarabad (A.K). J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 2004, 26:436-444.
    • (2004) J. Chem. Soc. Pak. , vol.26 , pp. 436-444
    • Khan, M.J.1    Sarwar, S.2    Khattak, R.A.3
  • 29
    • 0348136650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Trace elements in the hair of children inhabiting areas of different environmental pollution types
    • Krejpdo Z., Olejnik D., Wójciak R.W., Gawecki J. Comparison of Trace elements in the hair of children inhabiting areas of different environmental pollution types. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 1999, 8/4:227-229.
    • (1999) Pol. J. Environ. Stud. , pp. 227-229
    • Krejpdo, Z.1    Olejnik, D.2    Wójciak, R.W.3    Gawecki, J.4
  • 30
    • 0020326899 scopus 로고
    • Effect of various washing procedures on the chromium content of scalp hair
    • Kumpulainen J.T., Salmela S., Vuori E., Lehto J. Effect of various washing procedures on the chromium content of scalp hair. Anal. Chim. Acta 1982, 138:361-364.
    • (1982) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.138 , pp. 361-364
    • Kumpulainen, J.T.1    Salmela, S.2    Vuori, E.3    Lehto, J.4
  • 32
    • 22144464444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis
    • Lanphear B., Hornung R., Khoury J. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ. Health Persp. 2005, 113(7):894-899.
    • (2005) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.113 , Issue.7 , pp. 894-899
    • Lanphear, B.1    Hornung, R.2    Khoury, J.3
  • 33
    • 0032764103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace elements in children's hair, as related exposure in wastewater spreading field of Marrakesh (Morocco)
    • Lekouch N., Sedki A., Bouhouch S., Nejmeddine A., Pineau A., Pihan J.C. Trace elements in children's hair, as related exposure in wastewater spreading field of Marrakesh (Morocco). Sci. Total Environ. 1999, 243/244:323-328.
    • (1999) Sci. Total Environ. , pp. 323-328
    • Lekouch, N.1    Sedki, A.2    Bouhouch, S.3    Nejmeddine, A.4    Pineau, A.5    Pihan, J.C.6
  • 34
    • 0037227997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates
    • Lidsky T.I., Schneider J.S. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain 2003, 126:5-19.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 5-19
    • Lidsky, T.I.1    Schneider, J.S.2
  • 35
    • 15944418579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary synchrotron analysis of lead in hair from a lead smelter worker
    • Martin RR, Kempson IM, Naftel SJ, Skinner WM. Preliminary synchrotron analysis of lead in hair from a lead smelter worker. Chemosphere 2005, 58:1385-1390.
    • (2005) Chemosphere , vol.58 , pp. 1385-1390
    • Martin, R.R.1    Kempson, I.M.2    Naftel, S.J.3    Skinner, W.M.4
  • 36
    • 79955524256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of head hair analysis and methods of assessing multiple chemical sensitivity. Available at: (online at 26 June 2003).
    • Masters, R.D., 2003. Validity of head hair analysis and methods of assessing multiple chemical sensitivity. Available at: (online at 26 June 2003). http://www.darthmouth.eduy;rmastersyCreeyValidity.htm.
    • (2003)
    • Masters, R.D.1
  • 38
    • 1542329045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning
    • Needleman H. Lead poisoning. Annu. Rev. Med. 2004, 55:209-222.
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.55 , pp. 209-222
    • Needleman, H.1
  • 39
    • 0032495502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contents and relationship of elements in hair for a non-industrialised population in Poland
    • Nowak B. Contents and relationship of elements in hair for a non-industrialised population in Poland. Sci. Total Environ 1998, 209:59-69.
    • (1998) Sci. Total Environ , vol.209 , pp. 59-69
    • Nowak, B.1
  • 40
    • 0033888701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of lead and cadmium to essential elements in hair, teeth, and nails of environmentally exposed people
    • Nowak B., Chmielnicka J. Relationship of lead and cadmium to essential elements in hair, teeth, and nails of environmentally exposed people. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 2000, 46:265-274.
    • (2000) Ecotox. Environ. Safe. , vol.46 , pp. 265-274
    • Nowak, B.1    Chmielnicka, J.2
  • 41
    • 33845766353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated hair levels of cadmium and lead in school children exposed to smoking and in highways near schools
    • Ozden T.A., Gokcay G., Ertem H.V., Suoglu O.D., Kilic A., Sokucu S., Saner G. Elevated hair levels of cadmium and lead in school children exposed to smoking and in highways near schools. Clin. Biochem. 2007, 40:52-56.
    • (2007) Clin. Biochem. , vol.40 , pp. 52-56
    • Ozden, T.A.1    Gokcay, G.2    Ertem, H.V.3    Suoglu, O.D.4    Kilic, A.5    Sokucu, S.6    Saner, G.7
  • 43
    • 2542641585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scalp hair analysis as a tool in assessing human exposure to heavy metals (S. Domingos mine, Portugal)
    • Pereira R., Ribeir R., Goncalves F. Scalp hair analysis as a tool in assessing human exposure to heavy metals (S. Domingos mine, Portugal). Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 327:81-92.
    • (2004) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.327 , pp. 81-92
    • Pereira, R.1    Ribeir, R.2    Goncalves, F.3
  • 45
    • 0036940789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead-associated deficits in stature, mental ability and behaviour in children in Karachi
    • Rahman A., Maqbool E., Zuberi H.S. Lead-associated deficits in stature, mental ability and behaviour in children in Karachi. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 2002, 22:301-311.
    • (2002) Ann. Trop. Paediatr. , vol.22 , pp. 301-311
    • Rahman, A.1    Maqbool, E.2    Zuberi, H.S.3
  • 46
    • 22544456557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and neonatal scalp hair concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead: relationship to some lifestyle factors
    • Razagui I.B., Ghribi I. Maternal and neonatal scalp hair concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead: relationship to some lifestyle factors. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2005, 106:1-28.
    • (2005) Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 1-28
    • Razagui, I.B.1    Ghribi, I.2
  • 47
    • 0028115957 scopus 로고
    • Lead in hair and urine of children and adults from industrialized areas
    • Revich B. Lead in hair and urine of children and adults from industrialized areas. Arch. Environ. Health 1994, 49:59-62.
    • (1994) Arch. Environ. Health , vol.49 , pp. 59-62
    • Revich, B.1
  • 48
    • 0030913745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead Research group of the Pan-American health organization. Lead exposure in Latin America and the Caribbean
    • Romieu I., Lacasana M., McConnell R. Lead Research group of the Pan-American health organization. Lead exposure in Latin America and the Caribbean. Environ. Health Persp. 1997, 105:398-405.
    • (1997) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.105 , pp. 398-405
    • Romieu, I.1    Lacasana, M.2    McConnell, R.3
  • 49
    • 33745041942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood lead exposure in the Palestinian authority, Israel, and Jordan: results from the Middle Eastern regional cooperation project, 1996-2000
    • Safi J., Fischbein A., Haj S., Sansour R., Jaghabir M., Hashish M.A. Childhood lead exposure in the Palestinian authority, Israel, and Jordan: results from the Middle Eastern regional cooperation project, 1996-2000. Environ. Health Persp. 2006, 114:917-922.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Persp. , vol.114 , pp. 917-922
    • Safi, J.1    Fischbein, A.2    Haj, S.3    Sansour, R.4    Jaghabir, M.5    Hashish, M.A.6
  • 50
    • 0038205592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood and hair lead levels in boys and girls living in two Sardinian towns at different risks of lead pollution
    • Sanna E., Liguori A., Palmas L., Soro M.R., Floris G. Blood and hair lead levels in boys and girls living in two Sardinian towns at different risks of lead pollution. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 2003, 55:293-299.
    • (2003) Ecotox. Environ. Safe. , vol.55 , pp. 293-299
    • Sanna, E.1    Liguori, A.2    Palmas, L.3    Soro, M.R.4    Floris, G.5
  • 51
    • 0034541618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The German environmental survey 1990-92 (GerES II): reference concentrations of selected environmental pollutants in blood, urine, hair, house dust, drinking water and indoor air
    • Seifert B., Becker K., Helm D., Krause C., Schulz C., Seiwert M. The German environmental survey 1990-92 (GerES II): reference concentrations of selected environmental pollutants in blood, urine, hair, house dust, drinking water and indoor air. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2000, 10:552-565.
    • (2000) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.10 , pp. 552-565
    • Seifert, B.1    Becker, K.2    Helm, D.3    Krause, C.4    Schulz, C.5    Seiwert, M.6
  • 53
    • 0036535178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of untreated hair samples for monitoring human exposure to heavy metals
    • Sera K., Futatsugawa S., Murao S. Quantitative analysis of untreated hair samples for monitoring human exposure to heavy metals. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2002, 189:174-179.
    • (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.189 , pp. 174-179
    • Sera, K.1    Futatsugawa, S.2    Murao, S.3
  • 54
    • 34447517336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair-Pb longitudinal profiles and blood-Pb in the population of young Slovenian males
    • Stupar J., Dolinsek F., Erzen I. Hair-Pb longitudinal profiles and blood-Pb in the population of young Slovenian males. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2007, 68:134-143.
    • (2007) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , vol.68 , pp. 134-143
    • Stupar, J.1    Dolinsek, F.2    Erzen, I.3
  • 55
    • 4544256136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Content of lead in human hair from people with various exposure levels in Lithuania
    • Strumylaite L., Ryselis S., Kregzdyte R. Content of lead in human hair from people with various exposure levels in Lithuania. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2004, 207:345-351.
    • (2004) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.207 , pp. 345-351
    • Strumylaite, L.1    Ryselis, S.2    Kregzdyte, R.3
  • 56
    • 20644434906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal concentrations in hair and cognitive assessment in an adolescent population
    • Torrente M., Colomina M.T., Domingo J.L. Metal concentrations in hair and cognitive assessment in an adolescent population. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2005, 104:215-221.
    • (2005) Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 215-221
    • Torrente, M.1    Colomina, M.T.2    Domingo, J.L.3
  • 57
    • 0028590046 scopus 로고
    • Lack of relationship between hair lead levels and some usual markers (blood lead levels, ZPP, urinary ALA-D) in occupationally exposed workers
    • Tracqui A., Bosque M.A., Costa V., Kintz P., Siegel F., Mangin P. Lack of relationship between hair lead levels and some usual markers (blood lead levels, ZPP, urinary ALA-D) in occupationally exposed workers. Ann. Biol. Clin. 1994, 52:769-773.
    • (1994) Ann. Biol. Clin. , vol.52 , pp. 769-773
    • Tracqui, A.1    Bosque, M.A.2    Costa, V.3    Kintz, P.4    Siegel, F.5    Mangin, P.6
  • 58
    • 0029385140 scopus 로고
    • Lead in drinking water, determination of its concentration and effects of new recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) on public and private networks management
    • Vilagines R., Leroy P. Lead in drinking water, determination of its concentration and effects of new recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) on public and private networks management. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 1995, 179:1393-1408.
    • (1995) Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. , vol.179 , pp. 1393-1408
    • Vilagines, R.1    Leroy, P.2
  • 59
    • 68649103717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of scalp hair as indicator of human exposure to heavy metals in an electronic waste recycling area
    • Wang T., Fu J., Wang Y., Liao C., Tao Y., Jiang G. Use of scalp hair as indicator of human exposure to heavy metals in an electronic waste recycling area. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157:2445-2451.
    • (2009) Environ. Pollut. , vol.157 , pp. 2445-2451
    • Wang, T.1    Fu, J.2    Wang, Y.3    Liao, C.4    Tao, Y.5    Jiang, G.6
  • 60
    • 0033976412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential problems with the interpretation of hair analysis results
    • Wenning R. Potential problems with the interpretation of hair analysis results. Forensic Sci. Int. 2000, 107:5-12.
    • (2000) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.107 , pp. 5-12
    • Wenning, R.1
  • 61
    • 0347984325 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality
    • WHO, Geneva, WHO (World Health Organization)
    • WHO (World Health Organization) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Recommendations 1993, vol. 1. WHO, Geneva, pp. 49-50. 2nd ed.
    • (1993) Recommendations , vol.1 , pp. 49-50
  • 62
    • 0038672387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, Geneva, WHO (World Health Organization)
    • WHO (World Health Organization) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality 1996, vol. 2. WHO, Geneva.
    • (1996) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality , vol.2
  • 63
    • 0037038114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of lead in blood, hair and saliva of German children living in three different areas of traffic density
    • Wilhelm M., Pesch A., Rostek U., Begerow J., Schmitz N., Idel H., Ranftb U. Concentrations of lead in blood, hair and saliva of German children living in three different areas of traffic density. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 297:109-118.
    • (2002) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.297 , pp. 109-118
    • Wilhelm, M.1    Pesch, A.2    Rostek, U.3    Begerow, J.4    Schmitz, N.5    Idel, H.6    Ranftb, U.7
  • 64
    • 34247617224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead and aluminium levels in infants' hair, diet, and the local environment in the Moroccan city of Marrakech
    • Zaida F., Chadrame S., Sedki A., Lekouch N., Bureau F., Arhan P., Bougle D. Lead and aluminium levels in infants' hair, diet, and the local environment in the Moroccan city of Marrakech. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 377:152-158.
    • (2007) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.377 , pp. 152-158
    • Zaida, F.1    Chadrame, S.2    Sedki, A.3    Lekouch, N.4    Bureau, F.5    Arhan, P.6    Bougle, D.7
  • 65
    • 0034451680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Occupational Health Service policies and programs for workers in small-scale industries in China
    • Zhi S., Sheng W., Levine S.P. National Occupational Health Service policies and programs for workers in small-scale industries in China. A.I.H.A.J. 2000, 61:842-849.
    • (2000) A.I.H.A.J. , vol.61 , pp. 842-849
    • Zhi, S.1    Sheng, W.2    Levine, S.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.