Ecological Analyses of Gay Male and Lesbian Partnering in the Metropolitan United States in 2000

Population Research and Policy Review

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 419-448

  Walther, Carol S ^a   Poston Jr , Dudley L ^b   Gu, Yuan ^c  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MACRO INTERNATIONAL INC   (United States)

Author keywords

2000 U.S. census; Gay males; Human ecology; Lesbians; Partners

Indexed keywords

CENSUS; ECOLOGICAL APPROACH; GENDER ISSUE; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; METROPOLITAN AREA; URBAN SOCIETY;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 79955524085     PISSN: 01675923     EISSN: 15737829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11113-010-9195-9     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Abrahamson, M. (2002). Urban enclaves: Identity and place in America. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
2. Adam, B. D. (2007). Gay, lesbian and queer studies. In C. D. Bryant & D. L. Peck (Eds.), 21st Century sociology: A reference handbook (pp. 410-416). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
3. Anacker, K., & Morrow-Jones, H. (2005). Neighborhood factors associated with same-sex households in U. S. cities. Urban Geography, 26, 385-409.
4. Badgett, M. V. L., & Rogers, M. A. (2003). Left out of the count: Missing same-sex couples in the 2000 census. Amherst, MA: Institute for Gay and Lesbian Strategic Studies.
5. Baumle, A. K., Compton, D. L., & Poston, D. L., Jr. (2009). The social demography of sexual orientation. New York: SUNY Press.
6. Black, D. A., Gates, G., Sanders, S. G., & Taylor, L. J. (2000). Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources. Demography, 37, 139-154.
7. Black, D. A., Gates, G., Sanders, S. G., & Taylor, L. J. (2002). Why do gay men live in San Francisco? Journal of Urban Economics, 51, 54-76.
8. Black, D. A., Gates, G., Sanders, S. G., & Taylor, L. J. (2003). The earnings effects of sexual orientation. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56, 449-469.
9. Black, D. A., Gates, G., Sanders, S. G., & Taylor, L. J. (2007). The measurement of same-sex unmarried partner couples in the 2000 U. S. census. Working paper. Los Angeles: California Center for Population Research, University of California.
10. Carpenter, C., & Gates, G. J. (2008). Gay and lesbian partnership: Evidence from California. Demography, 45, 573-590.
11. Castells, M., & Murphy, K. (1982). Cultural identity and urban structure: The spatial organization of San Francisco's gay community. In N. I. Fainstein & S. S. Fainstein (Eds.), Urban policy under capitalism (pp. 237-259). London: Sage.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). AIDS public information data set. Retrieved December, 2002, from http://www. cdc. gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/software/aids/manual/about. htm.
13. Chin, R. (2009, July 4). 2010 census changes reflect gay marriages. Retrieved from http://www. twincities. com/ci_12745891.
14. Compton, D., Poston, D., Jr., & Deng, D. (2010). The residential segregation of same-sex partnered households from heterosexual partnered households in U. S. cities in 2000. Houston, TX: Presented at the Southwestern Sociological Association.
15. Cooke, T. J., & Rapino, M. (2007). The migration of partnered gays and lesbians between 1995 and 2000. Professional Geographer, 59, 285-297.
16. Finlay, B., & Walther, C. S. (2003). The relation of religious affiliation, service attendance, and other factors to homophobic attitudes among university students. Review of Religious Research, 44, 370-393.
17. Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class: And how it's transforming work leisure, community, & everyday life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
18. Florida, R. (2005). The flight of the creative class: The new global competition for talent. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
19. Florida, R. (2008). Who's your city? How the creative economy is making where to live the most important decision of your life. New York: Basic Books.
20. Frisbie, W. P., & Poston, D. L., Jr. (1978). Sustenance differentiation and population redistribution. Social Forces, 57, 42-56.
21. Gates, G. J. (2001). Gay and lesbian families in the United States: Same-sex unmarried partner households. A preliminary analysis of 2000 United States census data. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
22. Gates, G. J., & Ost, J. (2004). The gay and lesbian atlas. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
23. Gates, G., & Sell, R. L. (2006). Measuring Gay and Lesbian Couples. In S. Hofferth & L. Casper (Eds.), The handbook of measurement issues in family research. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
24. Graves, P. E. (1980). Migration and climate. Journal of Regional Science, 20, 227-237.
25. Guth, J. L. (1995). South Carolina: The Christian right wins one. PS: Political Science and Politics, 28, 8-11.
26. Hawley, A. H. (1950). Human ecology: A theory of community structure. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
27. Hawley, A. H. (1968). Human ecology. In D. L. Sills (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (pp. 323-332). New York, NY: Crowell, Collier and Macmillan.
28. Hawley, A. H. (1981). Urban society (Revised edition). New York, NY: Ronald Press.
29. Hicks, G. R., & Tien-tsung, L. (2006). Public attitudes towards gays and lesbians: Trends and predictors. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 57-77.
30. Karp, H. H., & Kelly, K. D. (1971). Toward an ecological analysis of intermetropolitan migration. Chicago, IL: Markham Publishing Company.
31. Knopp, L. (1990). Social consequences of homosexuality. Geographical Magazine, May, pp. 20-25.
32. Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
33. Lauria, M., & Knopp, L. (1985). Toward an analysis of the role of gay communities in the urban renaissance. Urban Geography, 6, 152-169.
34. Levine, M. P. (1979). Gay ghetto. In M. Levine (Ed.), Gay men: The sociology of male homosexuality (pp. 182-204). New York: Harper & Row.
35. London, B. (1986). Ecological and political-economic analyses of migration to a primate city: Bangkok, Thailand, ca. 1970. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 21, 501-526.
36. Mackun, P. J. (2005). Population change in metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, 1990-2003. Current Population Reports (pp. 25-1134). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Census Bureau.
37. Martinez, M. D., Wald, K. D., & Craig, S. C. (2008). Homophobic innumeracy? Estimating the size of the gay and lesbian population. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72, 753-767.
38. McNicoll, G. (2003). Optimum population. In P. Demeny & G. McNicoll (Eds.), Encyclopedia of population (pp. 710-712). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference USA.
39. O'Connell, M., & Lofquist, D. (2009). Counting same-sex couples: Official estimates and unofficial guesses. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, Detroit, MI.
40. O'Reilly, K., & Webster, G. R. (1998). A sociodemographic and partisan analysis of voting in three anti-gay rights referenda in Oregon. Professional Geographer, 50, 498-515.
41. Poston, D. L., Jr., & Frisbie, W. P. (1998). Human ecology, sociology, and demography. In M. Micklin & D. L. Poston Jr. (Eds.), Continuities in sociological human ecology (pp. 27-50). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
42. Poston, D. L., Jr., & Frisbie, W. P. (2005). Ecological demography. In D. L. Poston Jr. & M. Micklin (Eds.), Handbook of population (pp. 601-623). New York: Springer Publishers.
43. Poston, D. L., Jr., & Mao, M. X. (1996). An ecological investigation of interstate migration in the United States, 1985-1990. Advances in Human Ecology, 5, 303-342.
44. Poston, D. L., Jr., & Mao, M. X. (1998). Interprovincial migration in China, 1985-1990. Research in Rural Sociology and Development, 7, 227-250.
45. Poston, D. L., Jr., & Zhang, L. (2008). Ecological analyses of permanent and temporary migration streams in China in the 1990s. Population Research and Policy Review, 27, 689-712.
46. Poston, D. L., Jr., Zhang, L., Gotcher, D. J., & Gu, Y. (2009). The effect of climate on migration, United States, 1995-2000. Social Science Research, 38, 743-753.
47. Rosenfeld, M. (2007). The age of independence: Interracial unions same-sex unions, and the changing American family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Rosenfeld, M., & Kim, B. (2005). The independence of young adults and the rise of interracial and same sex unions. American Sociological Review, 70, 541-562.
49. Saenz, R., & Colberg, E. (1988). Sustenance organization and net migration in small Texas nonmetropolitan communities, 1960-1980. Rural Sociology, 53, 334-345.
50. Simmons, T., & O'Connell, M. (2003). Married couple and unmarried-partner households: 2000. Census 2000 Special Reports. CENSR-5. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Census Bureau.
51. Sly, D. F. (1972). Migration and the ecological complex. American Sociological Review, 37, 615-628.
52. Smith, D. M., & Gates, G. J. (2001). Gay and lesbian families in the United States: Same-sex unmarried partner households. Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign.
53. U. S. Bureau of the Census. (1998). State and metropolitan area data book 1997-1998. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
54. U. S. Bureau of the Census. (2009). Changes to the American Community Survey between 2007 and 2008 and their potential effect on the estimates of same-sex couple households, families and living arrangements. Retrieved from http://www. census. gov/population/www/socdemo/files/changes-to-acs-2007-to-2008. pdf.
55. Valentine, G. (1993). (Heteros)sexing space: Lesbian perceptions and experiences of everyday spaces. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11, 395-413.
56. Wald, K. D., Button, J. W., & Rienzo, B. A. (1996). The politics of gay rights in American communities: Explaining antidiscrimination ordinances and policies. American Journal of Political Science, 40, 1152-1178.
57. Walther, C. S. (2007). Who counts?: How the state (re)creates households. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A& M University.
58. Walther, C. S. (2010). Patterns of same-sex households and the influence of religion. Presentation at the Southwestern Sociological Association, Houston, TX.
59. Walther, C. S., & Poston, D. L., Jr. (2004). Patterns of gay and lesbian partnering in the larger metropolitan areas of the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 201-214.
60. Weightman, B. A. (1981). Commentary: Towards a geography of the gay community. Journal of Cultural Geography, 1, 106-112.