210Po in the marine environment with emphasis on its behaviour within the biosphere

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

Volumn 102, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 448-461

  Fowler, Scott W ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

210Pb; 210Po; Bioaccumulation; Biodetritus; Marine organisms; Radiation dose

Indexed keywords

210PB; 210PO; BIODETRITUS; MARINE ORGANISMS; RADIATION DOSE;

BIOACCUMULATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DOSIMETRY; HISTOLOGY; MARINE BIOLOGY; ORGANIC CARBON; RADIOISOTOPES; SCAVENGING; TISSUE;

LEAD;

POLONIUM; RADIOISOTOPE; SEA WATER;

BIOACCUMULATION; BIOLOGICAL UPTAKE; BIOSPHERE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARBON FLUX; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DETRITUS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; FOOD CHAIN; FOOD CONSUMPTION; IRRADIATION; LITERATURE REVIEW; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MARINE POLLUTION; POLONIUM ISOTOPE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RADIONUCLIDE; SEAFOOD; TRACER; TROPHIC LEVEL; WATER COLUMN;

ARTICLE; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING; BIOSPHERE; BIOTA; FOOD CHAIN; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MARINE SPECIES; NONHUMAN; OCEANOGRAPHY; RADIATION DOSE; SEA FOOD; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; REVIEW; SEA; WATER POLLUTANT;

BIOTA; FOOD CHAIN; FOOD CONTAMINATION, RADIOACTIVE; HUMANS; OCEANS AND SEAS; POLONIUM; SEAFOOD; WATER POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE;

EID: 79955475109     PISSN: 0265931X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.10.008     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. 210Po in marine food: a major international study. J. Environ. Radioact 1997, 34:69-90.
2. 210Pb concentrations in fish consumed in Syria. J. Environ. Radioact 2000, 49:345-352.
3. 210Po in the sea-surface microlayer. Nature 1980, 284:332-334.
4. 210Pb disequilibria in seawater and suspended particulate matter. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1976, 32:227-296.
5. Beasley T.M., Eagle R.J., Jokela T.A. Polonium-210, Lead-210 and Stable Lead in Marine Organisms 1973, Quarterly Summ. Rep. Hlth Safety Lab., N.Y. (Fallout Program), HASL-273. HASL, New York, pp. 2-36.
6. 210Pb in zooplankton fecal pellets. Mar. Biol. 1978, 44:325-328.
7. 210Pb cycling in a hydrothermal vent zone in the coastal Aegean Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 2001, 281:111-119.
8. Boisson, F., Personal communication. IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories. 4 quai Antoine 1er, MC98000, Monaco.
9. Bojanowski R., Ballestra S., Fukai R. Natural radionuclides in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit 1983, 28(7):205-207.
10. 210Po in the tissues of the scallop Chlamys varia and the mussel Mytilus edulis from the coasts of Charente-Maritime (France). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44:997-1002.
11. 210Po in marine organisms: a wide range of natural radiation dose domains. Radiat. Protect Dosim 1988, 24:113-117.
12. 210Pb. Health Phys. 1995, 69:469-480.
13. 210Po in the Tagus estuary. Sci. Total Environ. 1997, 196:151-161.
14. Carvalho F.P., Fowler S.W. An experimental study on the bioaccumulation and turnover of polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine shrimp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1993, 102:125-133.
15. Carvalho F.P., Fowler S.W. A double-tracer technique to determine the relative importance of water and food as sources of polonium-210 in marine prawns and fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1994, 103:251-264.
16. 210Po as a tracer of variations of trophic input to the deep-sea benthic ecosystems: a study of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus from the tropical Atlantic. Radiat. Protect Dosim. 1998, 75:131-138.
17. Charmasson, S., Le Faouder, A., Loyen, J., Cosson, R.P., Sarradin, P.M., 210Po and 210Pb in the tissues of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from the Menez Gwen site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Sci. Total Environ, in press.
18. Charmasson S., Sarradin P.-M., Le Faouder A., Agarande M., Loyen J., Desbruyeres D. High levels of natural radioactivity in biota from deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a preliminary communication. J. Environ. Radioact 2009, 100:522-526.
19. Cherrier J., Burnett W.C., LaRock P.A. Uptake of polonium and sulphur by bacteria. Geomicrobiol. J. 1995, 13:103-115.
20. Cherry R.D., Desbruyeres D., Heyraud M., Nolan C. High levels of natural radioactivity in hydrothermal vent polychaetes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, T. 1992, 315(series III):21-26.
21. Cherry R.D., Fowler S.W., Beasley T.M., Heyraud M. Polonium-210: its vertical oceanic transport by zooplankton metabolic activity. Mar. Chem. 1975, 3:105-110.
22. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M. Polonium-210 content of marine shrimp: variation with biological and environmental factors. Mar. Biol. 1981, 65:165-175.
23. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M. Evidence of high natural radiation doses in certain midwater oceanic organisms. Science 1982, 218:54-56.
24. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M. Polonium-210 in selected categories of marine organisms: interpretation of the data on the basis of an unstructured marine food web model. Radionuclides: a Tool for Oceanography 1988, 362-372. Elsevier Applied Science Ltd, London. J.C. Guary, P. Guegueniat, R.J. Pentreath (Eds.).
25. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M. Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine organisms: allometric relationships and their significance. Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes 1991, 309-318. Elsevier Applied Science Ltd, London. P.J. Kershaw, D.S. Woodhead (Eds.).
26. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M., Higgo J.J.W. Polonium-210: its relative enrichment in the hepatopancreas of marine invertebrates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1983, 13:229-236.
27. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M., James A.G. Diet prediction in common clupeoid fish using polonium-210 data. J. Environ. Radioact 1989, 10:47-65.
28. Cherry R.D., Heyraud M., Rindfuss R. Polonium-210 in teleost fish and in marine mammals: interfamily differences and a possible association between polonium-210 and red muscle content. J. Environ. Radioact 1994, 24:273-291.
29. Cherry R.D., Shannon L.V. The alpha radioactivity of marine organisms. At. Energy Rev. 1974, 12:3-45.
30. 210Po deficiency in the northern South China sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 2005, 25:1209-1224.
31. Coale K.H. Labyrinth of doom: a device to minimize the swimmer component in sediment trap collections. Limnol. Oceanogr 1990, 35:1376-1381.
32. 210Po binding to metallothioneins and ferritin in the liver of teleost marine fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1999, 177:189-196.
33. 210Po molecular traps in marine fish, oyster and lobster. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2002, 233:199-205.
34. Fabry V.J., Seibel B.A., Feely R.A., Orr J.C. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 2008, 65:414-432.
35. Fisher N.S., Reinfelder J.R. The trophic transfer of metals in marine systems. Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems 1995, 363-406. Wiley, Chichester. A. Tessier, D.R. Turner (Eds.).
36. Folsom T.R., Beasley T.M. Contributions from the alpha emitter, polonium-210, to the natural radiation environment of the marine organisms. Radioactive Contamination of the Marine Environment 1973, 625-632. IAEA, Vienna.
37. Fowler S.W. Biological transfer and transport processes. Pollutant Transfer and Transport in the Sea 1982, Vol. II:1-65. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. G. Kullenberg (Ed.).
38. Fowler S.W., Knauer G.A. Role of large particles in the transport of elements and compounds through the oceanic water column. Prog. Oceanogr. 1986, 16:147-194.
39. 234Th) approach to distinguish organic carbon and biogenic silica export flux in the Antarctic circumpolar current. Deep-Sea Res. 2002, 49:101-120.
40. Germain P., Leclerc G., Simon S. Transfer of polonium-210 into Mytilus edulis (L.) and Fucus vesiculosus (L.) from the baie de Seine (Channel coast of France). Sci. Total Environ. 1995, 164:109-123.
41. Hamilton T., Seagars D., Jokela T., Layton D. 137Cs and 210Po in Pacific walrus and bearded seal from St. Lawrence island, Alaska. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2008, 56:1158-1167.
42. Heyraud M. Contribution á l'Etude du Polonium-210 dans les organisms marins et leur environnement. These de Doctorat d'Etat es Sciences Naturelles 1982, Université Pierre et Marie Currie, Paris.
43. Heyraud M., Cherry R.D. Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine food chains. Mar. Biol. 1979, 52:227-236.
44. 210Pb enrichments in the sea-surface microlayer with neuston biomass. Cont. Shelf Res. 1983, 1:283-293.
45. 210Po in the hepatopancreas of the rock lobster (Jasus lalandii). J. Environ. Radioact. 1987, 5:249-260.
46. Heyraud M., Cherry R.D., Oschadleus H.-D., Augustyn C.J., Cherry M.I., Sealy J.C. Polonium-210 and lead-210 in edible molluscs from near the cape of good hope: sources of variability in polonium-210 concentrations. J. Environ. Radioact. 1994, 24:253-272.
47. Heyraud M., Fowler S.W., Beasley T.M., Cherry R.D. Polonium-210 in euphausiids: a detailed study. Mar. Biol. 1976, 34:127-136.
48. Higgo J.J.W., Cherry R.D., Heyraud M., Fowler S.W., Beasley T.M. Vertical oceanic transport of alpha-radioactive nuclides by zooplankton fecal pellets. Natural Radiation Environment III 1980, vol. 1:502-513. NTIS, Springfield, VA. T.F. Gesell, W.M. Lowder (Eds.).
49. Hussain N., Church T.M., Veron A.J., Larsen R.E. Radon daughter disequilibria and lead systematics in the western North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(D13):16059-16071.
50. IAEA Sediment Distribution Coefficients and Concentration Factors for Biota in the Marine Environment 2004, Technical Reports Series no. 422, IAEA, Vienna, 1-95.
51. IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment. Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, UK.
52. Jeffree R.A., Carvalho F., Fowler S.W., Farber-Lorda J. Mechanism for enhanced uptake of radionuclides by zooplankton in French Polynesian oligotrophic waters. Environ. Sci.Technol. 1997, 31:2584-2588.
53. Kharkar D.P., Thompson J., Turekian K.K., Forster W.O. Uranium and thorium decay series nuclides in plankton from the Caribbean. Limnol. Oceanogr 1976, 21:294-299.
54. Kim G. Large deficiency of polonium in the oligotrophic ocean's interior. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 192:15-21.
55. 210Po in the urban atmosphere of Seoul, Korea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:1519-1522.
56. Krishnaswami S., Baskaran M., Fowler S.W., Heyraud M. Comparative role of salps and other zooplankton in the cycling and transport of selected elements and natural radionuclides in Mediterranean waters. Biogeochem 1985, 1:353-360.
57. LaRock P., Hyun J.-H., Burnett W.C., Hull C.D. Bacterial mobilization of polonium. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:4321-4328.
58. Lowman F.G., Rice T.R., Richards F.A. Accumulation and Redistribution of Radionuclides by Marine Organisms 1971, Radioactivity in the Marine Environment. National Academy of Sciences, WashingtonDC, 161-199.
59. Malta M., Carvalho F., Quaresma S., Antonio C. Radionuclides in Marine Mammals off the Portuguese Coast 2009, Paper presented at the International Topical Conference on Po and Radioactive Pb Isotopes, 26-28, Seville, Spain.
60. Masque P., Sanchez-Cabeza J.A., Bruach J.M., Palacios E., Canals M. Balance and residence times of Pb-210 and Po-210 in surface waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 2002, 22:2127-2146.
61. McDonald P., Baxter M.S., Scott E.M. Technological enhancement of natural radionuclides in the marine environment. J. Environ. Radioact. 1996, 32:67-90.
62. McDonald P., Fowler S.W., Heyraud M., Baxter M.S. Polonium-210 in nussels and its implications for environmental alpha-autoradiography. J. Environ. Radioact. 1986, 3:293-303.
63. 210Po in the surface microlayer and its role in near surface particle fluxes in the NW Mediterranean coastal zone. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit 2004, 37:227.
64. 210Po in the equatorial Pacific and the Bering Sea: the effects of biological productivity and boundary scavenging. Deep-Sea Res. 1997, 44:2203-2220.
65. Othman I., Al-Masri Impact of phosphate industry on the environment: a case study. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 2007, 65:131-141.
66. Pentreath, R.J., Camplin, W.C., Allington, D.J., 1989. Individual and collective dose rates from naturally occurring radionuclides in seafoods. In: Radiological protection - theory and practice (fourth international symposium of the society of radiological protection). pp. 297-300.
67. Pentreath, R.J., Woodhead, D.S., Harvey, B.R., Ibbett, R.D., 1980. A preliminary assessment of some naturally-occurring radionuclides in marine organisms (including deep sea fish) and the absorbed dose resulting from them. In: Proceedings of the third NEA seminar on marine radioecology. OECD, Paris, pp. 291-302.
68. 210Pb disequilibria in the study of the fate of marine particulate matter. Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes 1991, 142-153. Elsevier Applied Science Ltd, London. P.J. Kershaw, D.S. Woodhead (Eds.).
69. Rodriguez y Baena A.M., Fowler S.W., Miquel J.C. Particulate organic carbon: natural radionuclide ratios in zooplankton and their freshly produced fecal pellets from the NW Mediterranean (MedFlux 2005). Limnol. Oceanogr 2007, 52:966-974.
70. Rutgers van der Loeff M.M., Geibert W. U- and Th-series nuclides as tracers of particle dynamics, scavenging and biogeochemical cycles in the oceans. U-Th Series Nuclides in Aquatic Systems 2008, 227-268. Elsevier, Amsterdam. S. Krishnaswami, J.K. Cochran (Eds.).
71. 210Po in Mytilus edulis in the Irish marine environment. J. Environ. Radioact. 1999, 43:325-342.
72. 210Pb in a marine environment,. Radioactive Contamination of the Marine Environment 1973, IAEA, Vienna, 701-724.
73. Shannon L.V., Cherry R.D. Polonium-210 in marine plankton. Nature 1967, 216:352-353.
74. Shannon L.V., Cherry R.D., Orren M.J. Polonium-210 and lead-210 in the marine environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1970, 34:701-711.
75. 210Po in selected species of Baltic fish. J. Environ. Radioact. 1988, 8:111-118.
76. 210Po content in sea water and its accumulation in southern Baltic plankton. Mar. Biol. 1988, 97:301-307.
77. 210Po in Baltic invertebrates. J. Environ. Radioact. 1988, 8:99-109.
78. Stewart G.M., Cochran J.K., Xue J., Lee C., Wakeham S., Armstrong R.A., Masque P., Miquel J.C. Exploring the connection between Po-210 and organic matter in the northwest Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res. 2007, 54:415-427.
79. 210Pb disequilibria with estimates from sediment traps in the northwest Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res. 2007, 54:1549-1570.
80. Stewart G.M., Fisher N.S. Experimental studies on the accumulation of polonium-210 by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr 2003, 48:1193-1201.
81. Stewart G.M., Fisher N.S. Bioaccumulation of polonium-210 in marine copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr 2003, 48:2011-2019.
82. Stewart G.M., Fowler S.W., Fisher N.S. The bioaccumulation of U-Th series radionuclides in marine organisms. U-Th Series Nuclides in Aquatic Systems 2008, 269-305. Elsevier, Amsterdam. S. Krishnaswami, J.K. Cochran (Eds.).
83. Stewart G.M., Fowler S.W., Teyssie J.-L., Cotret O., Cochran J.K., Fisher N.S. Contrasting transfer of polonium-210 and lead-210 across three trophic levels in marine plankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2005, 290:27-33.
84. 210Po deficits. Deep-Sea Res. 2010, 57:113-124.
85. 210Po accumulation in the pelagic community of Yongil Bay, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 1995, 28:219-226.
86. 210Pb in coastal waters of the NW Mediterranean continental margin. Cont. Shelf Res. 2003, 23:295-316.
87. 210Po in the soft parts of cockle (Anadara granosa) at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004, 262:485-488.
88. 210Pb disequilibria: a review of the use of two radiotracer pairs. Deep-Sea Res. 2009, 56:1502-1518.
89. 210Po) in various tissues of a squid, Todarodes pacificus. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 392:218-224.
90. 210Po by the mussel Mytilus edulis from the alga Isochrysis galbana. Mar. Biol. 2000, 136:49-53.
91. Wilson R.C., Watts S.J., Vives i Batlle J., McDonald P. Laboratory and field studies of polonium and plutonium in marine plankton. J. Environ. Radioact. 2009, 100:665-669.
92. Wong K.M., Hodge V.F., Folsom T.R. Plutonium and polonium inside giant brown algae. Nature 1972, 237:460-462.
93. Yamamoto M., Abe T., Kuwabara J., Komura K., Ueno K., Takizawa Y. Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine organisms: intake levels for Japanese. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994, 178:81-90.