Extraction of monomethylmercury from seawater for low-femtomolar determination

Limnology and Oceanography: Methods

Volumn 9, Issue APRIL, 2011, Pages 121-128

  Bowman, Katlin L ^a   Hammerschmidt, Chad R ^a  

^a WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955450469     PISSN: 15415856     EISSN: 15415856     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4319/lom.2011.9.121     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Andersson, M. E., K. Gårdfeldt, I. Wängberg, and D. Strömberg. 2008. Determination of Henry's law constant for elemental mercury. Chemosphere 73:587-592.
2. Benoit, J. M., C. C. Gilmour, A. Heyes, R. P. Mason, and C. L. Miller. 2003. Geochemical and biological controls over methylmercury production and degradation in aquatic systems, p. 262-297. In Y. Cai and O. C. Braids [eds.], Biogeochemistry of environmentally important trace metals. American Chemical Society.
3. Black, F. J., C. H. Conaway, and A. R. Flegal. 2009. Stability of dimethyl mercury in seawater and its conversion to monomethyl mercury. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:4056-4062.
4. Bloom, N. 1989. Determination of picogram levels of methylmercury by aqueous phase ethylation, followed by cryogenic gas-chromatography with cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46:1131-1140.
5. Bloom, N. S., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 1988. Determination of volatile mercury species at the picogram level by low-temperature gas chromatography with cold-vapor atomic fluorescence detection. Anal. Chim. Acta. 208:151-161.
6. Bloom, N. S., J. A. Colman, and L. Barber. 1997. Artifact formation of methyl mercury during aqueous distillation and alternative techniques for the extraction of methyl mercury from environmental samples. Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 358:371-377.
7. Bloom, N. S., A. K. Grout, and E. M. Prestbo. 2005. Development and complete validation of a method for the determination of dimethyl mercury in air and other media. Anal. Chim. Acta 546:92-101.
8. Brigham, M. E., D. A. Wentz, G. R. Aiken, and D. P. Krabbenhoft. 2009. Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 1. Water column chemistry and transport. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:2720-2725.
9. Cossa, D., B. Averty, and N. Pirrone. 2009. The origin of methylmercury in open Mediterranean waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54:837-844.
10. Dyrssen, D., and M. Wedborg. 1991. The sulphur-mercury(II) system in natural waters. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56:507-519.
11. Filippelli, M., F. Baldi, F. E. Brinckman, and G. J. Olson. 1992. Methylmercury determination as volatile methylmercury hydride by purge and trap gas chromatography in line with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26:1457-1460.
12. Fitzgerald, W. F., C. H. Lamborg, and C. R. Hammerschmidt. 2007. Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury. Chem. Rev. 107:641-662.
13. Gill, G. A., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 1985. Mercury sampling of open ocean waters at the picomolar level. Deep Sea Res. A 32:287-297.
14. Gill, G. A., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 1987. Picomolar mercury measurements in seawater and other materials using stannous chloride and two-stage amalgamation with gas phase detection. Mar. Chem. 20:227_243.
15. Hammerschmidt, C. R., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 2001. Formation of artifact methylmercury during extraction from a sediment reference material. Anal. Chem. 73:5930-5936.
16. Hammerschmidt, C. R., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 2006. Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70:918_930.
17. Hammerschmidt, C. R., and W. F. Fitzgerald. 2010. Iron-mediated photochemical decomposition of methylmercury in an arctic Alaskan lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:6138-6143.
18. +) by isotope dilution ICP-MS and detection of species transformation. Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 358:378-385.
19. 2+ isotopes with ICP-MS detection: Calculation of contents applying species specific isotope dilution. Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 358:363-370.
20. Holz, J., J. Kreutzmann, R. -D. Wilken, and R. Falter. 1999. Methylmercury monitoring in rainwater samples using in situ ethylation in combination with GC-AFS and GC-ICPMS techniques. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 13:789-794.
21. Horvat, M., N. S. Bloom, and L. Liang. 1993. Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples. Part II. Water. Anal. Chim. Acta 282:153-168.
22. Hurley, J. P., and others. 1995. Influences of watershed characteristics on mercury levels in Wisconsin rivers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29:1867-1875.
23. Kirk, J. L., V. L. St. Louis, H. Hintelmann, I. Lehnherr, B. Else, and L. Poissant. 2008. Methylated mercury species in marine waters of the Canadian High and sub Arctic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42:8367-8373.
24. Kotnik, J., and others. 2007. Mercury speciation in surface and deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Chem. 107:13-30.
25. Lamborg, C. H., C. -M. Tseng, W. F. Fitzgerald, P. H. Balcom, and C. R. Hammerschmidt. 2003. Determination of the mercury complexation characteristics of dissolved organic matter in natural waters with "reducible Hg" titrations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:3316-3322.
26. Lindqvist, O., and H. Rodhe. 1985. Atmospheric mercury: A review. Tellus Ser. B 37:136-159.
27. Mason, R. P, and W. F. Fitzgerald. 1993. The distribution and biogeochemical cycling of mercury in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. I 40:1897-1924.
28. Mason, R. P, J. R. Reinfelder, and F. M. M. Morel. 1996. Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer of mercury in a coastal diatom. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:1835-1845.
29. Mergler, D., H. A. Anderson, L. H. M. Chan, K. R. Mahaffey, M. Murray, M. Sakamoto, and A. H. Stern. 2007. Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans: A worldwide concern. Ambio 36:3-11.
30. Parker, J. L., and N. S. Bloom. 2005. Preservation and storage techniques for low-level aqueous mercury speciation. Sci. Total Environ. 337:253-263.
31. Rolfhus, K. R., H. E. Sakamoto, L. B. Cleckner, R. W. Stoor, C. L. Babiarz, R. C. Back, H. Manolopoulos, and J. P. Hurley. 2003. Distribution and fluxes of total and methylmercury in Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:865-872.
32. Scheuhammer, A. M., M. W. Meyer, M. B. Sandheinrich, and M. W. Murray. 2007. Effects of environmental methylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish. Ambio 36:12-18.
33. St. Louis, V. L., and others. 2005. Some sources and sinks of monomethyl and inorganic mercury on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian High Arctic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:2686-2701.
34. Tseng, C. -M., A. de Diego, F. M. Martin, and O. F. X. Donard. 1997. Rapid and quantitative microwave-assisted recovery of methylmercury from standard reference sediments. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 12:629-635.
35. Tseng, C. -M., C. R. Hammerschmidt, and W. F. Fitzgerald. 2004. Determination of methylmercury in environmental matrixes by on-line flow injection and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 76:7131-7136.
36. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. 2001. Method 1630: Methyl mercury in water by distillation, aqueous ethylation, purge and trap, and CVAFS. EPA-821-R-01-020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
37. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. 2002. Estimated per capita fish consumption in the United States, August 2002. EPA-821-C-02-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
38. Wiener, J. G., D. P. Krabbenhoft, G. H. Heinz, and A. M. Scheuhammer. 2003. Ecotoxicology of mercury, p. 409-463. In D. J. Hoffman, B. A. Rattner, and G. A. Burton, Jr. [eds.], Handbook of ecotoxicology. Lewis.
39. Wood, J. M., F. S. Kennedy, and C. G. Rosen. 1968. Synthesis of methyl-mercury compounds by extracts of a methanogenic bacterium. Nature 220:173-174.