Validating racism and cultural respect: Testing the psychometric properties and educational impact of perceived discrimination and multiculturation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous students

Educational Research and Evaluation

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 471-493

  Bodkin Andrews, Gawaian ^a   O'Rourke, Virginia ^a   Grant, Renee ^a   Denson, Nida ^a   Craven, Rhonda G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Culture; Disengagement; Indigenous Australians; Perceived discrimination; Racism

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955408885     PISSN: 13803611     EISSN: 17444187     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2010.550497     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner. (2002). Social Justice Report 2002. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
2. Ainsworth, G., & McRae, D. (2009). What works. The Work Program. Improving outcomes for Indigenous students. Successful practice. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.
3. Allport, G.W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Perseus Books.
4. Bevan-Brown, J. (2006). Beyond policy and good intentions. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 10, 221-234.
5. Billings, R.S., & Wroten, S.P. (1978). Use of path analysis in industrial/organizational psychology: Criticisms and suggestions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 677-688.
6. Bodkin-Andrews, G., Craven, R., & Martin, A.J. (2006, July). Perceived discrimination and Indigenous Australian students' school related attitudes. Paper presented at the 4th International Biennial SELF Research Conference, Ann Arbor, MI.
7. Bodkin-Andrews, G.H., Ha, M.T., Craven, R.G., & Yeung, A.S. (2010). Factorial invariance testing and latent mean differences for the Self-Description Questionnaire II (short version) with Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian secondary school students. International Journal of Testing, 10, 47-79.
8. Bodkin-Andrews, G.H., Seaton, M., Nelson, G.F. Craven, R.G., & Yeung, A.S. (2010). Questioning the general self-esteem vaccine: General self-esteem, racial discrimination, and standardised achievement across Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20, 1-21.
9. Bortoli, L.D., & Thomson, S. (2009). The achievement of Australia's Indigenous students in PISA 2000-2006. Prospect Hill, VIC, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.
10. Brennan, C. (1998). Why isn't it being implemented? Race, racism, and Indigenous education. In G. Partington (Ed.), Perspectives on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education (pp. 147-170). Katoomba, NSW, Australia: Social Science Press.
11. Byrne, B.M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
13. Choi, G. (1997). Acculturative stress, social support, and depression in Korean American families. Journal of Family Social Work, 2, 81-97.
14. Clark, R., Anderson, N.B., Clark, V.R., & Williams, D.R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816.
15. Cortes, C.E. (1994). Multiculturation: An educational model for a culturally and linguistically diverse society. In K. Spangenberg-Urbschat & R. Pritchard (Eds.), Kids come in all languages: Reading instruction for ESL students (pp. 22-35). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
16. Coulby, D. (2006). Intercultural education: Theory and practice. Intercultural Education, 17, 245-257.
17. Craven, R., & Marsh, H.W. (2004). The challenge for counsellors: Understanding and addressing Indigenous secondary students' aspirations, self-concepts and barriers to achieving their aspirations. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 14, 16-33.
18. Craven, R., & Tucker, A. (2003). Enhancing self-concept and educational outcomes for Indigenous students: AECG members' views and suggestions for strategic research directions. Stanmore, NSW, Australia: NSW Aboriginal Education Consultative Group.
19. Craven, R., Tucker, A., Munns, G., Hinkley, J., Marsh, H.W., & Simpson, K. (2005). Indigenous students' aspirations: Dreams, perceptions and realities. DEST. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.
20. Department of Education, Employment & Workplace Relations. (2008). National report to Parliament on Indigenous education science and training, 2006. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.
21. Eccles, J.S., Wong, C.A., & Peck, S.C. (2006). Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African-American adolescents. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 407-426.
22. Essed, P. (1990). Everyday racism: Reports from women of two cultures. Claremont, CA: Hunter House.
23. Fischer, A.R., & Shaw, C.M. (1999). African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and selfesteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395-407.
24. Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 106-116.
25. Griffiths, B., & Pedersen, A. (2009). Prejudice and the function of attitudes relating to Muslim Australians and Indigenous Australians. Australian Journal of Psychology, 61, 228-238.
26. Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. London, UK: Routledge.
27. Howard, D. (2002). Family, friends and teachers: Why Indigenous students stay at or leave school. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 30(2), 8-12.
28. Jaccard, J., & Wan, C.K. (1996). LISREL approaches to interaction effects in multiple regression. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
29. Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D. (1981). LISREL: Analysis of linear structural relationships by the method of maximum likelihood. User's guide. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, Department of Statistics.
30. Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E.M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1576-1596.
31. Larson, A., Gillies, M., Howard, P.J., & Coffin, J. (2007). It's enough to make you sick: The impact of racism on the health of Aboriginal Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31, 322-329.
32. Lester, J. (2000). Evaluative research into the Office of the Board of Studies' Aboriginal Careers Aspiration Program for Aboriginal students in NSW high schools. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Board of Studies.
33. Major, B., Quinton, W.J., & Schmader, T. (2003). Attributions to discrimination and selfesteem: Impact of group identification and situational ambiguity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 220-231.
34. Marsh, H.W. (1994). Confirmatory factor analysis models of factorial invariance: A multifaceted approach. Structural Equation Modelling, 1, 5-34.
35. Marsh, H.W., Balla, J.R., & Hau, K.T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical processes. In G.A. Marcoulides & R.E. Schumaker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modelling techniques (pp. 315-353). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Marsh, H.W., Byrne, B.M., & Yeung, S.Y. (1999). Causal ordering of academic self-concept and achievement: Reanalysis of a pioneering study and revised recommendations. Educational Psychologist, 34, 155-167.
37. Marsh, H.W., Tracey, D.K., & Craven, R. (2006). Multidimensional self-concept structure for preadolescents with mild intellectual disabilities-A hybrid multigroup-MIMC approach to factorial invariance and latent mean differences. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 795-818.
38. Martin, A.J. (2004). Test user manual. Unpublished manuscript.
39. Mellor, D. (2003). Contemporary racism in Australia: The experiences of Aborigines. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 474-486.
40. Mellor, D. (2004). Responses to racism: A taxonomy of coping styles used by Aboriginal Australians. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 56-71.
41. Miller, R.B., DeBacker, T.K., & Greene, B.A. (1999). Perceived instrumentality and academics: The link to task valuing. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 26(4), 250-261.
42. Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs. (2000). The national statement of principles and standards for more culturally inclusive schooling in the 21st century. Retrieved from http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/principl_file.pdf
43. Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs. (2006). Australian directions in Indigenous education-2005-2008. South Carlton, VIC, Australia: Author.
44. Office of Multicultural Affairs, Ethnic Affairs Commission of NSW, & NSW Department of School Education. (1995). Whole School Anti-Racism Project. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Department of School Education.
45. Ogbu, J.U., & Simmons, H.D. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary minorities: A culturalecological theory of school performance with some implications for education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 29, 155-188.
46. Paradies, Y.C. (2006). A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 888-901.
47. Paradies, Y.C., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Development and validation of the Measure of Indigenous Racism Experiences (MIRE). International Journal for Equity in Health, 7(9). Retrieved from http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/9
48. Parbury, P. (1999). Aboriginal education: A history. In R. Craven (Ed.), Teaching Aboriginal studies (pp. 63-86). Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
49. Parente, A., Craven, R., & Munns, G. (2003). What do Indigenous students say about their aspirations? Journal of the Aboriginal Studies Association, 12, 11-22.
50. Parker, P., Dowson, M., & McInerney, D. (2007). Standards for quantitative research in diverse sociocultural contexts. In D. McInerney, M. Dowson, & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning (Vol. 7, pp. 315-330). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
51. Pascoe, E.A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A metaanalytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531-554.
52. Ranzijn, R., McConnochie, K., & Nolan, W. (2009). Psychology and Indigenous Australians: Foundations of cultural competence. South Yarra, Australia: Palgrave Macmillan.
53. Sanson, A., Augoustinos, M., Gridley, H., Kyrios, M., Reser, J., & Turner, C. (1998). Racism and prejudice: An Australian Psychological Society position paper. Australian Psychologist, 33, 161-182.
54. Schumacker, R., & Lomax, R. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modelling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
55. Sefa Dei, G.J. (2008). Indigenous knowledge studies and the next generation: Pedagogical possibilities for an anti-colonial education. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 37S, 5-13.
56. Verkuyten, M., & Brug, P. (2003). Educational performance and psychological disengagement among ethnic-minority and Dutch adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164, 189-200.
57. Wong, C.A., Eccles, J.S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and identification on African American adolescents' school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197-1232.
58. Ye, J. (2006). An examination of acculturative stress, interpersonal social support, and use of online ethnic social groups among Chinese international students. Howard Journal of Communications, 17, 1-20.
59. Zubrick, S.R., Silburn, S.R., De Maio, J.A., Shepherd, C., Griffin, J.A., Dalby, R.B., Cox, A. (2006). The Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey: Improving the educational experiences of Aboriginal children and young people. Perth, Australia: Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research.