Gait symmetrical indexes and their relationships to muscle tone, lower extremity function, and postural balance in mild to moderate stroke

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand

Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 476-484

  Bovonsunthonchai, Sunee ^a   Hiengkaew, Vimonwan ^a   Vachalathiti, Roongtiwa ^a   Vongsirinavarat, Mantana ^a  

^a MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Gait symmetrical index; Lower extremity function; Muscle tone; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BODY MOVEMENT; BODY POSTURE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; KNEE FUNCTION; LEG MOVEMENT; LEG MUSCLE; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE TONE; STANDING; WALKING SPEED;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; LOWER EXTREMITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; POSTURAL BALANCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STROKE; WALKING;

EID: 79955383569     PISSN: 01252208     EISSN: 01252208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Lamontagne A, Malouin F, Richards CL. Contribution of passive stiffness to ankle plantarflexor moment during gait after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 351-8.
2. De Quervain IA, Simon SR, Leurgans S, Pease WS, McAllister D. Gait pattern in the early recovery period after stroke. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78: 1506-14.
3. Perry J. Pathological mechanisms. In: Willoughby CD, editor. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. New York: SLACK; 1992: 171-82.
4. Harris JE, Eng JJ, Marigold DS, Tokuno CD, Louis CL. Relationship of balance and mobility to fall incidence in people with chronic stroke. Phys Ther 2005; 85: 150-8.
5. Hsu AL, Tang PF, Jan MH. Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 1185-93.
6. Balasubramanian CK, Bowden MG, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88: 43-9.
7. Kim CM, Eng JJ. Symmetry in vertical ground reaction force is accompanied by symmetry in temporal but not distance variables of gait in persons with stroke. Gait Posture 2003; 18: 23-8.
8. Hesse S, Reiter F, Jahnke M, Dawson M, Sarkodie- Gyan T, Mauritz KH. Asymmetry of gait initiation in hemiparetic stroke subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78: 719-24.
9. Oken O, Yavuzer G. Spatio-temporal and kinematic asymmetry ratio in subgroups of patients with stroke. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2008; 44: 127-32.
10. Chen G, Patten C, Kothari DH, Zajac FE. Gait differences between individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis and non-disabled controls at matched speeds. Gait Posture 2005; 22: 51-6.
11. Lin PY, Yang YR, Cheng SJ, Wang RY. The relation between ankle impairments and gait velocity and symmetry in people with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87: 562-8.
12. Bensoussan L, Mesure S, Viton JM, Delarque A. Kinematic and kinetic asymmetries in hemiplegic patients' gait initiation patterns. J Rehabil Med 2006; 38: 287-94.
13. Wall JC, Turnbull GI. Gait asymmetries in residual hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986; 67: 550-3.
14. Train the Brain Forum (Thailand). Thai Mental Status Exam (TMSE). Siriraj Hosp Gaz 1993; 45: 359-74.
15. Gregson JM, Leathley M, Moore AP, Sharma AK, Smith TL, Watkins CL. Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the modified Ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1013-6.
16. Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med 1975; 7: 13-31.
17. Smith PS, Hembree JA, Thompson ME. Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach: determining the best clinical tool for individuals post acute stroke. Clin Rehabil 2004; 18: 811-8.
18. Stevenson TJ. Detecting change in patients with stroke using the Berg Balance Scale. Aust J Physiother 2001; 47: 29-38.
19. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review. Gait Posture 2000; 12: 34-45.
20. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Power and sample size. In: Mehalik C, editor. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Health; 2000: 705-30.
21. Dawes H, Enzinger C, Johansen-Berg H, Bogdanovic M, Guy C, Collett J, et al. Walking performance and its recovery in chronic stroke in relation to extent of lesion overlap with the descending motor tract. Exp Brain Res 2008; 186: 325-33.
22. Patterson KK, Parafianowicz I, Danells CJ, Closson V, Verrier MC, Staines WR, et al. Gait asymmetry in community-ambulating stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89: 304-10.
23. Higginson JS, Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Burgar CG, Delp SL. Effect of equinus foot placement and intrinsic muscle response on knee extension during stance. Gait Posture 2006; 23: 32-6.
24. Knutsson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain 1979; 102: 405-30.
25. Olney SJ, Richards CL. Hemiparetic gait following stroke Part I: characteristics. Gait Posture 1996; 4: 136-48.
26. Yelnik A, Albert T, Bonan I, Laffont I. A clinical guide to assess the role of lower limb extensor overactivity in hemiplegic gait disorders. Stroke 1999; 30: 580-5.
27. Sommerfeld DK, Eek EU, Svensson AK, Holmqvist LW, von Arbin MH. Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations. Stroke 2004; 35: 134-9.
28. Kerrigan DC, Frates EP, Rogan S, Riley PO. Hip hiking and circumduction: quantitative definitions. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 79: 247-52.
29. Giuliani CA. Adult hemiplegic gait. In: Smidt GL, editor. Gait in rehabilitation. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1990: 253-66.
30. Whittle MW. Normal gait. In: Whittle MW, editor. Gait analysis: an introduction. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2007: 47-100.