Neurological disorders associated with cassava diet: A review of putative etiological mechanisms

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 79-85

  Adamolekun, Bola ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cassava diet; Cyanogenic glycoside; Etiology; Konzo; Linamarin; Thiamine deficiency; Thiocyanate; Tropical ataxic neuropathy

Indexed keywords

CYANIC ACID; CYANIDE; LINAMARIN; NITRILE; SULFUR AMINO ACID; THIAMINE; VITAMIN B COMPLEX;

AMINO ACID DEFICIENCY; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; CASSAVA; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NERVE ATROPHY; PERCEPTION DEAFNESS; POLYNEUROPATHY; PREVALENCE; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; THIAMINE DEFICIENCY; TROPICAL ATAXIC NEUROPATHY; VITAMIN DEFICIENCY;

AFRICA; ATAXIA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CYANIDES; DIET; FEMALE; GLUCOSIDES; HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL; HUMANS; MALE; MANIHOT; NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; NITRILES; OPTIC ATROPHY; PARAPARESIS, SPASTIC; PLANT ROOTS; POLYNEUROPATHIES; THIAMINE DEFICIENCY; THIOCYANATES; YOUNG ADULT;

MANIHOT ESCULENTA;

EID: 79955125293     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-011-9237-y     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. B Adamolekun 2010 Thiamine deficiency and the etiology of tropical ataxic neuropathy Int Health 2 1 17 21 10.1016/j.inhe.2009.12.004
2. B Adamolekun 2010 Etiology of konzo, epidemic spastic paraparesis associated with cyanogenic glycosides in cassava: role of thiamine deficiency? J Neurol Sci 296 1-2 30 33 20619859 10.1016/j.jns.2010.06.016 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpsFOlt7s%3D
3. Adegbola AA (1977) Methionine as an addition to cassava-based diets. In: Nestel B, Graham M (eds) Cassava as animal feed: proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Guelph. IDRC Ottawa, Canada, pp 9-17
4. DV Barclay J Mauron A Blondel C Cavadini AM Vereilghen C Van Geert H Dirren 2003 Micronutrient intake and status in rural Democratic Republic of Congo Nutr Res 3 659 671 10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00027-7 (Pubitemid 36597497)
5. JH Bradbury 2006 Simple wetting method to reduce cyanogen content of cassava flour J Food Compos Anal 19 388 393 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjs1yhtr0%3D
6. H Carton K Kayembe Kabeya Odio A Billiaus K Maertens 1986 Epidemic spastic paraparesis in Bandundu (Zaire) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49 620 627 3734818 10.1136/jnnp.49.6.620 1:STN:280:DyaL283otVGnsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 16059681)
7. Cliff J, Lundquist P, Martenson J, Rosling H, Sorbo B (1985) Association of high cyanide and low sulfur intake in cassava-induced spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1211-1213
8. J Cliff D Nicala F Saute R Givragy G Azambuja A Taela, et al. 1997 Konzo associated with war in Mozambique Trop Med Int Health 2 1068 1074 9391509 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-178.x 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2Flt12qtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27505240)
9. Cliff J, Muquigue H, Nhassico D, Nzwalo H, Bradbury JH (2010) Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique. Food Chem Toxicol. In Press
10. A Cumbana E Mirione J Cliff H Bradbury 2007 Reduction of cyanide content of cassava flour in Mozambique by the wetting method Food Chem 101 894 897 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.062 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpvVOqsbc%3D (Pubitemid 44430203)
11. MA El Sharkaway 2004 Cassava biology and physiology Plant Mol Biol 56 481 501 10.1007/s11103-005-2270-7
12. M Ernesto AP Cardoso D Nicala E Mirione F Massaza J Cliff, et al. 2002 Persistent konzo and cyanide toxicity from cassava in northern Mozambique Acta Trop 82 357 362 12039675 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00042-6 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XktVCisbc%3D (Pubitemid 34556973)
13. JB Fashakin M Oyekanmi 1986 Evaluation of some vitamin B complex nutriture in Ile-Ife and environs (Nigeria) J Nutr Res 56 79 84 1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xit1CjsLw%3D
14. RG Green WE Carlson CA Evans 1941 A deficiency disease of foxes produced by feeding fish J Nutr 21 243 356 1:CAS:528:DyaH3MXjsl2mtA%3D%3D
15. DRW Haddock GJ Ebrahim B Kapur 1962 Ataxic neurological syndrome found in Tangayika Brit Med J 2 1442 1443 13951715 10.1136/bmj.2.5317.1442 1:STN:280:DyaF387ktlCguw%3D%3D
16. WP Howlett GR Brubaker N Mlingi H Rosling 1990 Konzo, an epidemic upper motor neuron disease studied in Tanzania Brain 113 1 223 235 2302534 10.1093/brain/113.1.223 (Pubitemid 20047120)
17. CS Hoyt FA Billson 1997 Vision loss on low Carb diets. Low carbohydrate diet optic neuropathy Med J Aust 1 65
18. DT Katumbay VM Lukusa KE Eeg-Olofsson 2000 EEG findings in Konzo: a spastic para/tetraparesis of acute onset Clin Electroencephalogr 31 4 196 200 11056842 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3crgs1Gksw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32171209)
19. Latham MC (1969) Human nutrition in tropical Africa. FAO, Rome
20. Llorens J, Soler-Martín C, Saldaña-Ruíz S, Cutillas B, Ambrosio S, Boadas-Vaello P (2010) A new unifying hypothesis for lathyrism, konzo and tropical ataxic neuropathy: Nitriles are the causative agents. Food Chem Toxicol. (In Press)
21. FM Loew JM Bettany CE Halifax 1975 Apparent thiamine status of cattle and its relationship to polioencephalomalacia Can J Comp Med 39 291 295 237625 1:STN:280:DyaE2M7osFWrsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8249878)
22. M Madhusudanam MK Menon K Ummer K Radhakrishnanan 2008 Clinical and etiological profile of tropical ataxic neuropathy in Kerala, South India Eur Neurology 60 1 21 26 10.1159/000127975 (Pubitemid 351799063)
23. Ministry of Health, Mozambique (1984) Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. 1. Epidemiology and clinical laboratory findings in patients. Bull World Health Organ 62(3):477-484
24. NLV Mlingi Z Bainbridge 1994 Reduction of cyanogens levels during sun-drying of cassava in Tanzania Acta Hortic 735 233 239
25. GL Monekosso WGT Annan 1964 Clinical epidemiological observations on an ataxic syndrome in Western Nigeria Trop Geogr Med 4 316 323
26. GL Monekosso J Wilson 1966 Plasma thiocyanate and vitamin B1 in Nigerian patients with degenerative neurological disease Lancet 1 1062 1064 4160842 10.1016/S0140-6736(66)91009-9 1:STN:280:DyaF287kt1eqsQ%3D%3D
27. GL Monekosso WG Annn PH Ashby 1964 Therapeutic effect of Vitamin B complex on an ataxic syndrome in Western Nigeria Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 58 432 436 14206700 10.1016/0035-9203(64)90091-4 1:STN:280:DyaF2M%2FhtFSkuw%3D%3D
28. JC Mwanza DE Lysebo DL Kayembe D Tshala-katumbay LK Nyamabo T Tylleskar GT Plant 2003 Visual evoked potentials in konzo, a spastic paraparesis of acute onset in Africa Ophthalmologica 217 6 81 86 10.1159/000073066 (Pubitemid 37329229)
29. JC Mwanza D Tshala-Katumbay DL Kayembe KE Eeg-Olofsson T Tylleskar 2003 Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in konzo, an upper motor neuron disorder in Africa Eur J Ophthalmol 13 4 383 389 12872796 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szktVeqtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36693226)
30. D Nhassico H Muquingue J Cliff A Cumbana JH Bradbury 2008 Rising African cassava production, diseases due to cyanide intake and control measures J Sci Food Agric 88 2043 2049 10.1002/jsfa.3337 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFantLrM
31. OSA Oluwole AO Onabolu H Link, et al. 2000 Persistence of tropical ataxic neuropathy in a Nigerian community J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69 96 101 10864612 10.1136/jnnp.69.1.96 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czitlCgsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30410422)
32. OSA Oluwole AO Onabolu IA Cotgreave, et al. 2002 Low prevalence of ataxic polyneuropathy in a community with high exposure to cyanide from cassava foods J Neurol 49 1034 1040 10.1007/s00415-002-0779-0 (Pubitemid 35002225)
33. OSA Oluwole AO Onabolu IA Cotgreave, et al. 2003 Incidence of endemic ataxic polyneuropathy and its relation to exposure to cyanide in a Nigerian community J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74 1417 1422 14570837 10.1136/jnnp.74.10.1417 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svpsVOjtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 37193955)
34. BO Osuntokun 1968 An ataxic neuropathy in Nigeria: a clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological study Brain 91 215 248 5721927 10.1093/brain/91.2.215 1:STN:280:DyaF1M%2FltValsA%3D%3D
35. BO Osuntokun 1994 Chronic cyanide intoxication of dietary origin and a degenerative neuropathy in Nigerians Acta Hortic 375 271 283
36. BO Osuntokun JE Durowoju H McFarlane J Wilson, et al. 1968 Plasma amino acids in the Nigerian Nutritional ataxic neuropathy Brit Med J 3 647 649 5673213 10.1136/bmj.3.5619.647 1:STN:280:DyaF1czpvVyltA%3D%3D
37. BO Osuntokun GL Monekosso J Wilson 1969 Relationship of a degenerative tropical Neuropathy to diet: report of a field survey Brit Med J 1 547 550 5764702 10.1136/bmj.1.5643.547 1:STN:280:DyaF1M7gvVKitQ%3D%3D
38. BO Osuntokun MJS Langman J Wilson A Aladetoyinbo 1970 Controlled trial of hydroxocobalamin and riboflavine in Nigerian ataxic neuropathy J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33 663 666 4920799 10.1136/jnnp.33.5.663 1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXmt1SltA%3D%3D
39. BO Osuntokun MJS Langman J Wilson, et al. 1974 Controlled trial of combinations of hydroxocobalamin-cystine and riboflavine-cystine in Nigerian ataxic neuropathy J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37 102 104 4360398 10.1136/jnnp.37.1.102 1:STN:280:DyaE2c7gtFOktw%3D%3D
40. BO Osuntokun A Aladetoyinbo O Bademosi 1985 Vitamin B nutrition in the Nigerian tropical ataxic neuropathy J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48 154 156 3981173 10.1136/jnnp.48.2.154 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7lvFKnsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 15063912)
41. DH Read RD Jolly MR Alley 1977 Polioencephalomalacia of dogs with thiamine deficiency Vet Pathol 14 2 103 112 857396 10.1177/030098587701400202 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7ns1ahsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8059093)
42. FC Rodger 1953 Experimental thiamine deficiency as a cause of degeneration in the visual pathway of the rat Brit J Ophthal 37 11 17 13019012 10.1136/bjo.37.1.11 1:CAS:528:DyaG3sXlt1SltA%3D%3D
43. H Rowland 1963 Neuropathy in Sierra Leone J Trop Med Hyg 66 181 187 13982827 1:STN:280:DyaF387nsVKmtA%3D%3D
44. S-J Bae HK Lee J-H Lee CG Choi DC Suh 2001 Wernicke's encephalopathy: a typical manifestation at MR imaging Am J Neuroradiol 22 1480 1482 11559494 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrhtFKjtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32862258)
45. SCF (UK) (1994) Report on the outbreak of suspected thiamine deficiency. Jhapa, Nepal, Bhutanese Refugee Health Project. Save the Children Fund (UK)
46. G Sechi A Serra 2007 Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management Lancet Neurol 6 5 442 445 17434099 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70104-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtVyrsbw%3D (Pubitemid 46551868)
47. C Soler-Martin J Riera A Seoane B Cutillas S Ambrosio P Boadas-Vaello J Llorens 2010 The targets of acetone cyanohydrin neurotoxicity in the rat are not the ones expected in an animal model of konzo Neurotoxicol Teratol 32 2 289 294 19932169 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.11.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjt1Kmu7c%3D
48. M Spinazzi C Angelini C Patrini 2010 Subacute sensory ataxia and optic neuropathy with thiamine deficiency Nat Rev Neurol 6 288 293 20308997 10.1038/nrneurol.2010.16
49. VG Sreeja N Nagahara Q Li M Minami 2003 New aspects in pathogenesis of konzo: neural cell damage directly caused by linamarin contained in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Brit J Nutr 90 467 472 12908909 10.1079/BJN2003902 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsFymtb0%3D (Pubitemid 36992550)
50. Rl Swank OA Bessey 1941 Avian thiamine deficiency. Characteristic symptoms and their pathogenesis J Nutr 22 77 89 1:CAS:528:DyaH3MXjsl2lsw%3D%3D
51. I Tellez D Johnson RL Nagel A Cerami 1979 Neurotoxicology of sodium cyanate: new pathological and ultrastructural observations in Macaca nemestrina Acta Neuropathol 47 1 75 79 111462 10.1007/BF00698277 1:CAS:528: DyaE1MXlsFaitb8%3D (Pubitemid 9256898)
52. J Tor-Agbidye VS Palmer MR Lasarev MA Craig LL Blythe MI Sabri PS Spencer 1999 Bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurologic disease in humans subsisting on cassava Toxicol Sci 50 228 235 10478859 10.1093/toxsci/50.2.228 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXls12rur4%3D (Pubitemid 29407085)
53. D Tshala-Katumbay K Eeg-Olofsson F Kazadi-Kayembe P Fallmar T Tylleskar T Kayembe-Kalula 2002 Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials in Konzo- An upper motor neuron disorder Clin Neurophysiol 113 1 10 15 11801419 10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00705-2 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FnsFKlsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 34093850)
54. T Tylleskar 1994 The association between cassava and the paralytic disease konzo Acta Hortic 375 331 339 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitVGnt70%3D
55. T Tylleskar M Banea N Bikangi L Fresco LA Persson H Rosling 1991 Epidemiological evidence from Zaire for a dietary etiology of konzo, an upper motor neurone disease Bull World Health Organ 69 5 581 589 1959159 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FmvFOqtw%3D%3D
56. T Tylleskar M Banea N Bikangi RD Cooke NH Poulter H Rosling 1992 Cassava cyanogens and Konzo, an upper motor neurone diease found in Africa Lancet 339 8787 208 211 1346173 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90006-O 1:STN:280:DyaK387hsVGltg%3D%3D
57. T Tylleskar WP Howlett HT Rwiza S-M Aquilonius, et al. 1993 Konzo: a distinct disease entity with a selective upper motor neuron damage J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56 638 643 8509777 10.1136/jnnp.56.6.638 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3os1Kjtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23203762)
58. T Tylleskar FD Legue S Peterson E Kpizingui P Stecker 1994 Konzo in the Central African Republic Neurology 44 959 8190305 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3kslKktA%3D%3D
59. IB Umoh FO Ogunkoya EN Maduagwu OL Oke 1985 Effect of thiamine status on the metabolism of linamarin Ann Nutr Metab 29 319 324 4051453 10.1159/000176987 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXlsF2nu7w%3D (Pubitemid 15046480)
60. J Westley 1981 Thiosulfate: cyanide sulfur transferase (rhodanese) Meth Enzymol 77 85 91
61. World Health Organization (1999) Thiamine deficiency and its prevention and control in major emergencies. WHO/NHD/99.13
62. Yudkin WH (1949) Thiaminase, the Chastek-paralysis factor. Physiol Rev 388-402