Hidden in plain view: Legal geography from a visual perspective

Law, Culture and the Humanities

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 173-186

  Braverman, Irus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

Border inspection; Law and geography; Natural landscapes in israel palestine; Powers of visibility and invisibility; Scopic perspectives

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955115723     PISSN: 17438721     EISSN: 17439752     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1743872109355579     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. The examples of law's visual projects provided herein are mostly about state law. This does not mean that it is only state vision that matters in legal geographies. On an exploration of the project of seeing within a non-state setting.
2. Irus Braverman, "Looking at Zoos" (forthcoming, 2011).
3. John Berger, Ways of Seeing (Penguin Classics, 2008);
4. Patrick Fuery and Kelli Fuery, Visual Cultures and Critical Theory (Oxford University Press, 2003);
5. Martin Jay, Downcast Eyes: The Denigration of Vision in Twentieth-Century French Thought (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993);
6. Martin Jay, "Scopic Regimes of Modernity," in Hal Foster, ed., Vision and Visuality (Seattle: Bay Press, 1988), pp. 3-23.
7. Jay, Downcast Eyes, pp. 5-6.
8. Obviously, this distinction is somewhat simplistic as the text itself is an image, and images are also texts.
9. The term "theatre" shares the same root as the word "theory," which means: to look at attentively, to behold. See Merriam Webster Dictionary online, at http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theatre (visited June 1, 2009).
10. Sheila Jasanoff, "The Eye of Everyman: Witnessing DNA in the Simpson Trial," Social Studies of Science, 28(5/6) (Oct. 1998), pp. 713-40.
11. Jay, Downcast Eyes, p. 8.
12. Jay, Scopic Regimes of Modernity, pp. 4-12.
13. Charles Goodwin, "Professional Vision," American Anthropologist 96(3) (1994), pp. 606-633;
14. Stephen A. Tyler, "The Vision Quest in the West, or What the Mind's Eye Sees," Journal of Anthropological Research 40(1) (1984), pp. 23-40;
15. Bruno Latour, "On Technical Mediation - Philosophy, Sociology, Geneology," Common Ground 3(2) (1994), pp. 29-64.
16. Both the definitions of and the problems with this term are discussed by Kate Soper, What is Nature: Culture, Politics and the Non-Human (Wiley-Blackwell, 1995);
17. Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2008);
18. David Harvey, Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 1997);
19. Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez (Toronto: Between the Lines, 1991).
20. The many definitions of landscape can be posited along a continuum - with the morphological emphasis of landscape on the one hand and the representational understanding of landscape on the other. I draw on a definition of landscape as "always both a material form that results from and structures social interaction and an ideological representation dripping with power.".
21. Don Mitchell, Lie of the Land: Migrant Workers and the California Landscape (University of California Press, 1996) p. 34.
22. By referring to landscape both as a physical environment and as a particular way of seeing a place, this definition combines both the material and representational approaches.
23. Irus Braverman, Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
24. Photo by Dan Braverman, January 31, 2009, reprinted with permission. Photo by author, August 2006.
25. James Scott, Seeing Like a State (Yale University Press, 1998).
26. Braverman, Planted Flags.
27. Fernando Coronil, "Smelling Like a Market," American Historical Review 106(1) (2001), pp. 119-29.
28. For a more detailed and, perhaps, less binary account of the war over the natural landscape in Israel/Palestine.
29. Planted Flags, as well as Irus Braverman, "The Tree is the Enemy Soldier: A Sociolegal Making of War Landscapes in the Occupied West Bank," Law and Society Review 42(3) (Sept. 2008), pp. 449-482.
30. Indeed, my work grapples with the interchangeability and interconnectedness between the material and the discursive.
31. Planted Flags, as well as Irus Braverman, "Potty Training: Nonhuman Inspection in the Public Washroom," in Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing, Harvey Molotch and Laura Noren (eds.) (NYU Press, 2010),
32. Irus Braverman, "Loo Law: The Public Washroom as a Hyper-Regulated Space," Hastings Women's Law Journal 20(1): 45-71 (Winter 2008).
33. David Delaney, Nomospheric Investigations: The Spatial, the Legal, and the Pragmatics of World-Making, (Routledge, 2010)
34. Davina Cooper, Governing Out of Order: Space, Law, and the Politics of Belonging (London: Rivers Oram Press/Pandora Press, 1998)
35. Eve Darian-Smith, Bridging Divides: The Channel Tunnel and English Legal Identity in the New Europe (Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1999).
36. Karen Barad, "Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(3) (2003), pp. 801-831,
37. Karen Dale, "Building a Social Materiality: Spatial and Embodied Politics in Organizational Control," Organization 12 (2005), pp. 649-78.
38. For a detailed discussion of this process see Braverman, The Tree is the Enemy Soldier.
39. Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison. "The Image of Objectivity." Representations 40 (1992), p. 120.
40. Malka Offri, Director of Interpretation Department, Israeli Department of Cartography, interview, Tel Aviv, August 22, 2006.
41. Suliman Shahin, Palestinian Israeli lawyer, Jerusalem Legal Aid and Human Rights Center (JLAC), interview, Jerusalem, December 23, 2005
42. Sandy Kedar, "Majority Time, Minority Time: Land, Nationality and Adverse Possession Laws in Israel," Iyuney Mishpat (Hebrew) 21(3) (1998), pp. 655-746.
43. Namely, the border regime between Israel and the occupied West Bank that has emerged in the last decade or so, and especially since 2002, with the construction of the Separation Wall. For a detailed description of this project.
44. Irus Braverman, "Civilized Borders: Dehumanizing Inspection at Israel's New Crossings," Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography (forthcoming, 2010).
45. Victor W. Turner, "Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites De Passage," in Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach, William A. Lessa and Evon Z. Vogt (eds.) (4th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1997), pp. 234-243.
46. Braverman, Civilized Borders.
47. Yael Barda. "The Erotic Side of Occupation," Maarav 7, (2006), http://www.maarav.org.il/classes/PUItem.php?id=692&lang=HEB (Hebrew, visited January 12, 2009).
48. Letter from Richard L. Rowe, President & CEO, SafeView, (Feb 21, 2006), at http://www.siliconbeat.com/entries/Safeview2.pdf (emphasis in original, visited January 22, 2009). Interestingly, this technology has also been used for cloth fitting and design.
49. See at http://www.innovation-america.org/archive.php?articleID=36, visited January 29, 2009).
50. Colonel (retired) Dani Tirza, Head of Security Fence Operations 1994-2007, Israel Defense Forces, interview, Jerusalem, August 14, 2008.
51. From http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/?p=87 (visited January 29, 2009).
52. Irus Braverman, "Checkpoint Gazes," in Engin Isin and Greg Neilsen (eds.), Acts of Citizenship (Zed Publishers, 2008), pp. 211-214.
53. Bezabel Treiber, current Head of Minhelet Ha'Maavarim or Crossing Administration, telephone interview (Buffalo-Jerusalem), September 18, 2008.
54. See similar discussions about surveillance cameras and the legal decisions that have legitimized its uses in public spaces in the United States.
55. Eugene Volokh, "Traffic Enforcement Cameras," Wall Street Journal, March 26, 2002, p. A22.